矿产资源规划环境影响评价工作方法探讨

根据《中华人民共和国环境影响评价法》关于规划的环境影响评价要求，初步探讨了矿产资源规划环境影响评价的工作思路。参照国土资源部《矿产资源规划管理暂行办法》的有关规定，列举了矿产资源规划的类型；依据《环评法》第七条和第八条，阐明了不同类型的矿产资源规划所对应的环境影响评价文件编制的要求；提出了矿产资源规划环境影响评价的工作程序和环境影响评价指标体系的建议，并简单地探讨了2种评价方法。     

水域静力触探设备的研制和应用

为详细了解崇明越江通道南港隧道段地层情况 ,设计要求提供长江水域静探资料。简介了我院水域静力触探设备的研制和应用情况     

Magmatic effects of the lunar late heavy bombardment

Large volumes of mare basalts are present on the surface of the moon, located preferentially in large impact basins. Mechanisms relating impact basins and mare basalt eruptions have previously been suggested: lunar impacts removed low-density material that may have inhibited eruption, and created cracks for fluid flow [Icarus 139 (1999) 246], and lunar basins have long been described as catchments for magma (e.g., [Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 18 (1980) 107] and references therein). We present a new model for melt creation under near side lunar basins that is triggered by the impacts themselves. Magma can be produced in two stages. First, crater excavation depressurizes underlying material such that it may melt in-situ. Second, the cratered lithosphere rises isostatically, warping isotherms at the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary which may initiate convection, in which adiabatic melting can occur. The first stage produces by far the largest volume of melt, but convective melting can continue for up to 350 Ma. We propose that giant impacts account for a large portion of the volume and longevity of mare basalt volcanism, as well as for several compositional groups, including high alumina, high titanium, KREEP-rich, and picritic magmas.     

Crater formation in soils by raindrop impact

The process of crater formation by the impact of water drops on soil, sand and various other target material was studied. Craters of various shapes and sizes were observed on different target materials or conditions, ranging from circumferential depression to completely hemispherical shape. Crater shape was dependent upon target material, its ?ow stress or shear strength and the presence and thickness of water on the surface. Between 5 and 22 per cent of impact energy was spent on cratering, but the relationship between crater volume and kinetic energy of a raindrop was curvilinear, indicating a lower ef?ciency of impact energy in removing target material as the energy increases. Impact impulse, on the other hand, showed a more linear relationship with crater volume, and the ratio of impulse over crater volume (I/V) remained constant for the entire range of drop sizes, impact velocities, and surface conditions used in this study. Surface shear strength, represented by the penetration depth of fall‐cone penetrometer, appeared to be a key factor involved in this process. An equation was developed which related crater volume to cone penetration depth and impact impulse. Crater volume, which appeared to be a better indicator of the total amount of material dislodged by a raindrop than splash amount, can thus be predicted using this equation. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Method of high-density seismic imaging ex-ploration and application samples

Introduction Now, shallow seismic reflection wave technique has been used extensively in geological ex-plorations of bridge, dam, high building and so on. Since shallow seismic reflection wave tech-nique is often implemented in industrial zone or city with dense population, the background dis-turbance including industrial noise, life noise, etc is very serious. Furthermore, the disturbance of seismic source is also serious due to short array length and offset of the method. In general, shal-lo…     

A new method for testing pile by sin- gle-impact energy and P-S curve

Introduction Through many year's practices by vast numbers of scientific and technological workers andefforts from all aspects, the dynamic testing method of high-low strain has formally entered intothe technical code of foundation pile test of construction at last (The Industry Standards of thePeople's Republic of China, 2003). The striking mode of the dynamic testing method of high strainis stipulated as hammer in the code, the striking of rocket can also be used. The latter is widely…     

利用敦煌辐射校正场对FY-2B静止气象卫星进行可见光通道的在轨辐射定标

FY-2B由于杂散光的影响，其可见光通道的发射前定标存在较大误差。利用敦煌戈壁滩辐射校正场可进行FY-2B可见光通道的在轨绝对定标。由于FY-2B对于敦煌场区的卫星天顶角接近50°，需要进行场地的方向特性BRDF修正。2002年7月对FY-2B进行了场地地表反射率、大气消光、探空等项同步测量，并对场地的方向特性进行了测量。资料处理结果表明，FY-2B可见光通道杂散光可影响定标精度达20%。长期监视表明FY-2B可见光通道探测器输出十分稳定。该文将4个可见光通道探测器场地定标得出的定标查找表列出，供用户参考使用。     

小秦岭金矿含金石英脉中黄铁矿晶体的表面微形貌研究

利用微分干涉显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜等对小秦岭金矿含金石英脉中黄铁矿晶体的表面微形貌进行了研究。黄铁矿晶体的{210}面上发育自由生长层，表明{210}面是F面，其生长机理受二维成核层生长所制约。除简单的五角十二面体外，其他形态黄铁矿晶体的{210}面上也发育有自由生长层。{210}面上的正条纹有些是由{100}面上生长层的边缘台阶在{210}面上叠堆形成，另一些正条纹则是{210}面上生长层边缘台阶堆叠的产物。透射电镜和电子衍射花样研究表明，负条纹黄铁矿晶体是由30～50nm大小的核团经自动定向附生作用形成，每个核团不是单晶体，而是由许多早先在溶液中形成的小微晶聚合而成。这些特征表明负条纹黄铁矿晶体是在溶液过饱和度极高和温度梯度小的理想环境中形成，它的形成与杂质无关。PBC理论和唐纳-哈克定律能较好地解释自然界中黄铁矿晶体{100}面上普遍发育自由生长层、而{210}面上自由生长层极为罕见的原因。除日本释迦内矿区黑矿之上的浮岩凝灰岩中产生出负条纹黄铁矿晶体外，在石英脉型金矿床中也有负条纹黄铁矿晶体产出。     

珠江河口水环境时空变异对河口生态系统的影响

分析近20年来珠江河口水环境变异的特征,探讨珠江河口水环境与水生物相互联系和相互作用的关系。结果表明,珠江河口形态、地貌、水文情势和入河污染物等变异改变了珠江河口水生物的栖息条件,削弱了河口生态系统的自动调节修复能力和稳定性,对河口生态系统的物质循环、能量流动和发育演化平衡构成了重大影响。     

黄河流域水循环演变若干问题的研究

从若干方面的研究结果揭示了黄河流域水循环发生的巨大变化.水循环是水资源科学评价与合理开发利用的基本依据.水循环主要要素的变化取决于气候条件的变化与人类活动的影响.对前者宜采用适应性对策,在研究气候变化的基础上,分析水循环变动的规律并预测其趋势,制定相应的适应性措施;对于后者则应加强水资源开发利用的科学管理,以维持流域天然水资源的可更新(可再生)性.