A high-precision heuristic model to detect home and work locations from smart card data

Smart card-automated fare collection systems now routinely record large volumes of data comprising the origins and destinations of travelers. Processing and analyzing these data open new opportunities in urban modeling and travel behavior research. This study seeks to develop an accurate framework for the study of urban mobility from smart card data by developing a heuristic primary location model to identify the home and work locations. The model uses journey counts as an indicator of usage regularity, visit-frequency to identify activity locations for regular commuters, and stay-time for the classification of work and home locations and activities. London is taken as a case study, and the model results were validated against survey data from the London Travel Demand Survey and volunteer survey. Results demonstrate that the proposed model is able to detect meaningful home and work places with high precision. This study offers a new and cost-effective approach to travel behavior and demand research.     

A novel spatial index using spatial analyses and hierarchical fuzzy expert system for obtaining green TOD: a case study in Tehran city

Sustainable development is a vital and challenging factor for managing urban growth smartly. This factor contains three main components, namely economic growth, ecological protection and social justice. Green Transit-Oriented Development (GTOD) is a consummate planning approach in line with those components. Implementation of GTOD in an urban area is underpinned by its quantification. Therefore, a quantitative spatial index based on several indicators related to TOD and Green urbanism concepts should be developed. In this study, Geo-spatial Information Science and hierarchical fuzzy inference system (HFIS) were employed to calculate the indicators and aggregate them, respectively. In order to showcase the feasibility of the proposed method, it was implemented in a case study area in the City of Tehran, Iran. The result of this method is an integrated spatial GTOD index, which measures the neighbourhoods’ GTOD levels. These measurements specify weaknesses and strengths of neighbourhoods’ factors. Therefore, this index helps decision-makers to plan neighbourhoods based on land use and public transit views. Additionally, the HFIS method helps decision-makers to consider criteria and indicators with their inherent uncertainties and aggregate them with much fewer rules. For evaluating the results, the developed GTOD index was assessed with municipal action planning and attraction maps. According to the outcomes of the assessment, it is concluded that the proposed method is adequately robust and efficient for smart and sustainable urban planning.     

基于面片裁切技术的点云轮廓线生成算法

随着点云在各个领域的广泛应用,对点云处理相关技术的研究更为活跃。目前,研究的热点主要集中在点云去噪、配准、分割、增强、特征提取和重建等方面。其中,特征提取起着承前启后的作用,具有十分重要的研究价值。基于面片裁切技术的点云轮廓线生成算法。首先,对点云数据进行面片提取,通过面片生长、融合生成特征面片,并根据提出的面片双向索引法快速构造特征线,最终实现点云平面轮廓线的生成。实验证明,本算法可快速、准确、有效地实现点云轮廓线的生成。     

基于点云数据的改进四叉树空间索引研究

随着测绘行业的不断发展,三维激光扫描技术已经成为地理信息产业中不可或缺的重要组成部分^[1],然而点云庞大的数据量给处理带来了一定的困难。本文针对运用车载移动测量系统所获取的海量点云数据,采用了一种基于编码改进四叉树索引的点云数据组织处理方法。结果证明该方法提高了创建索引的速度,减少了树的深度以及数据的冗余量,并基于此编码进行最邻近查找,具有可行性和有效性。     

The use of WorldView-2 satellite imagery to model urban drainage system with low impact development (LID) Techniques

Within a wide range of best management practices for stormwater management in urban areas, there has been an increasing interest in source control measures. Source controls such as low-impact development (LID) techniques are potentially attractive as retrofit options for older developed areas that lack available land to implement conventional measures such as stormwater management ponds. Hence, distributed urban drainage models requiring detailed representation of developed drainage areas should be developed to accurately estimate the benefits that LIDs may provide. This study (1) presents a two-stage classification process on a high-resolution WorldView-2 image, and (2) demonstrates how to use the extracted land cover information in the subsequent hydrologic modelling and assessment of different LIDs’ performance. The proposed two-stage classification method achieved an overall accuracy of 80.6%, whereas a traditional pixel-based achieved 68.4% in classifying the same urban area into six land cover classes. From the classification results, the hydrologic properties of micro-subcatchments were imported in the United States Environmental Protection Agency Storm Water Management Model to assess the performance of LIDs. A reduction of run-off volume 18.2% and 37.1% was found with the implementation of porous pavement and bioretention, respectively, in a typical low-rise residential area located in the city of San Clemente, California, US. The study demonstrates the use of high-resolution remote sensing image to aid in evaluating LID retrofit options, and thus benefits in situations where detailed drainage area information is not available.     

基于ArcGIS与Python的气候评价工具箱的实现与应用

在研究和梳理气候评价技术方法和路线的基础上,利用ArcGIS与Python语言二次开发了一套气候评价工具箱,并以榆林市为例对该工具箱的实用性进行了验证.结果显示,该工具箱能够快速准确地辅助规划人员进行气候评价工作,大大提高了国土空间规划双评价的工作效率.     

基于 ArcG IS 和 Python 集成开发可达性分析工具的研究

为降低可达性度量的实现难度,弥补现有GIS软件没有集成可达性分析模型或方法的不足,在详尽分析有关模型或方法与GIS集成研究现状的基础上,提出以改进潜能模型作度量模型,按GIS内部集成方式,使用面向ArcGIS 10的Python脚本编程技术集成开发可达性分析工具的设想,对可达性潜能模型分析原理、工具开发环境配置、使用数据的预处理要求、工具的具体设计流程和实现方法等作了详细叙述。最后以评价某市小学教育资源空间布局合理性为例,阐述工具在实际应用中应采取的使用方法和流程,实例评价结果验证工具开发的有效性。     

地理信息工程专业“普通地图编制课程设计”教学探讨

普通地图编制课程设计是地图学与地理信息工程专业重要的一门实践课程。笔者在分析了当前测绘地理信息技术发展的基础上,对课程教学从内容设计到教学方法等方面进行了探讨。     

老挝省域农业可持续发展水平分异与提升路径

通过构建老挝农业可持续发展水平评价指标体系,运用熵值法和层析分析法计算得出17个省域(直辖市)的人口系统、经济系统、社会系统、资源与环境系统和农业可持续发展水平综合得分,并对老挝省域农业可持续发展水平进行排序和分析。整体而言,中寮各省(直辖市)的农业可持续发展水平最高,下寮次之,上寮较低;老挝省域农业可持续发展水平整体差异不大,高水平和中低水平省域分布较为集中,中高水平和低水平省域相对分散,各等级空间分布形成由3个核心区域向周围递减的态势。最后指出,着力于打造3个核心农业发展区域,发挥其带动作用,并针对不同省域的农业发展状况采取相应措施,是逐步实现老挝农业可持续发展的有效途径之一。     

线性参照系统下的嵌套金字塔模型构建

针对线性参照虚拟场景构建中缺乏有效的空间数据模型的问题,本文以金字塔模型、空间索引结构和动态分段等相关研究为基础,提出了线性参照系统下的嵌套金字塔模型构建方法.首先,结合线性场景数据特征,对动态分段技术进行拓展,增加垂直方向结构化金字塔模型;然后,将线性参照在多尺度下进行静态分段,对相互独立的弧段分别进行存储,构建静态...