新疆巴什托—亚松迪地区石炭—二叠系碳酸盐岩储层特征

新疆巴什托—亚松迪地区是塔西南油气勘探程度较高的地区,石炭—二叠系碳酸盐岩是其主要油气储集层。碳酸盐岩具有多类型及其空间分布非均质性特点。为了总体认识该地区石炭—二叠系碳酸盐岩储层特征,通过分析该地区石炭—二叠系碳酸盐岩不同类型的岩石特征,储层形成的影响因素、储集空间类型及其储层的储集性能与分布等特征,认为该地区以石炭系上统小海子组碳酸盐岩储层发育颗粒灰岩,颗粒白云岩,其储集性能最好,是研究区的主要油气产层     

宁芜盆地白象山铁矿床成矿作用过程数值模拟

白象山铁矿床是宁芜火山岩盆地钟姑矿田中典型的玢岩型铁矿床,主矿体赋存于闪长岩和黄马青组砂页岩接触带部位的内带-正带,呈似层状产出。本文采用数值模拟的方法研究探讨白象山铁矿床成矿过程的动力学机制以及汇流容矿空间的形成。在建立白象山矿床典型剖面以及三维实体模型的基础上,选取典型剖面,基于FLAC 3D系统,对白象山铁矿床的充填过程进行数值模拟。模拟结果显示,白象山铁矿床存在容矿汇流空间,其形成受力-热-流体的耦合作用制约;扩容空间的形成可为矿质的沉淀以及交代作用提供有利的成矿空间,并为流体的汇聚提供有利场所,也表明白象山铁矿床的成矿过程与力学作用密切相关。本文的模拟研究充分揭示了白象山铁矿床成矿过程中的物理过程,岩石不同的力学性质以及接触带的形态是控矿的重要因素,这为进一步的找矿工作提供了依据。     

音频大地电磁法在南岭于都 赣县矿集区银坑 示范区深部矿产资源探测中的应用

本文探讨了音频大地电磁法(AMT)在南岭于都-赣县矿集区银坑示范区中深部金属矿探测中的应用效果。在该区开展AMT工作目的是了解3km以浅地层分布、岩体展布及构造特征,为深部找矿提供基础地质信息。采用AMT张量观测方案采集了5条AMT剖面的数据,经数据预处理、反演得到了电阻率随深度变化的断面图。对标本电阻率测试结果分析表明:沉积岩、变质岩及岩体存在电阻率差异,并建立了示范区的电性与地层对应关系。通过对比、分析AMT地电断面图,揭示了江背岩体、长潭岩体的空间展布及深部"无根"特征;发现了一个隐伏岩体-柳木坑岩体;推断了3km以浅变质岩系、沉积岩系地层的分布情况。研究结果表明:AMT可为"第二找矿空间"提供有益的地质信息。     

华北型煤田陷落柱形成过程研究

在地下水系统的径流或排泄带上,且处于次级向斜轴部或转折端附近、小断层或环形断层发育地段,如果古地表岩溶空洞、古地下岩溶空洞和膏溶空洞等为岩层塌陷提供了发源地,陷落柱发育的可能性极大。华北型煤田陷落柱的形成是以底部岩层中空洞发育为基础,地下水的强烈交替和水-岩作用为条件,岩体自身重力、地应力集中以及溶洞内的真空负压三重作用为动力,经过垮落、溶蚀、搬运、塌陷、冒落等周而复始的过程,分阶段逐步形成陷落柱。     

苍山县农村宅基地管理中存在的问题及对策

农村宅基地管理工作中,非法占地、非法转让土地、超面积占地、一户多宅、擅自改变宅基地用途和划新不丢旧等各种违法行为层出不穷,造成了农村宅基地管理混乱的局面。因此,必须加强宣传,做好规划、编制,完善相关法律、法规及执法监察等工作。     

Dynamic stochastic estimation of physical variables

A fundamental problem facing the physical sciences today is analysis of natural variations and mapping of spatiotemporal processes. Detailed maps describing the space/time distribution of groundwater contaminants, atmospheric pollutant deposition processes, rainfall intensity variables, external intermittency functions, etc. are tools whose importance in practical applications cannot be overestimated. Such maps are valuable inputs for numerous applications including, for example, solute transport, storm modeling, turbulent-nonturbulent flow characterization, weather prediction, and human exposure to hazardous substances. The approach considered here uses the spatiotemporal random field theory to study natural space/time variations and derive dynamic stochastic estimates of physical variables. The random field model is constructed in a space/time continuum that explicitly involves both spatial and temporal aspects and provides a rigorous representation of spatiotemporal variabilities and uncertainties. This has considerable advantages as regards analytical investigations of natural processes. The model is used to study natural space/time variations of springwater calcium ion data from the Dyle River catchment area, Belgium. This dataset is characterized by a spatially nonhomogeneous and temporally nonstationary variability that is quantified by random field parameters, such as orders of space/time continuity and random field increments. A rich class of covariance models is determined from the properties of the random field increments. The analysis leads to maps of continuity orders and covariances reflecting space/time calcium ion correlations and trends. Calcium ion estimates and the associated statistical errors are calculated at unmeasured locations/instants over the Dyle region using a space/time kriging algorithm. In practice, the interpretation of the results of the dynamic stochastic analysis should take into consideration the scale effects.     

云南曲靖地区筇竹寺组泥页岩储层发育特征与影响因素

以云南曲靖地区筇竹寺组泥页岩为例,利用氩离子抛光-场发射扫描电镜、高压压汞、常规扫描电镜等实验技术手段,探究泥页岩储层微观储集空间的发育类型与特征。结果表明：筇竹寺组泥页岩储层孔隙成因复杂,类型多样,主要发育的微观储集空间类型包括有机质孔隙、粘土矿物孔隙、颗粒矿物孔隙、微裂隙等,以有机质孔隙最为发育,提供了主要的储集空间;孔隙度介于1.59%~11.33%之间,平均值达到了5.0%,小孔、微孔所占储集空间比例约56.5%,中孔和超大孔所占比例为34.0%,大孔相对较少。控制筇竹寺组页岩孔隙发育的因素主要有TOC、矿物组分和成岩作用,TOC是影响筇竹寺组页岩储层孔隙发育的主控因素,也是提供页岩气主要储存空间的重要物质。     

Process of Housing Damage Assessment: The 1995 Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Disaster Case

Rebuilding of victims' livelihoods was a crucial issue in the restoration process in the1995 Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Disaster. Housing damage assessment influencedmost of the rebuilding of the livelihood in the long term, because the Victim Certificatesissued by the local governments based on the results of the Housing damage assessmentwas required to receive most of the individual assistance measures. In the process ofHousing damage assessment, many complex problems arose, leading to extensivework on the part of the disaster responders. Consequently, a considerable number ofvictims were dissatisfied with the assessment and applied for a resurvey. Due to a floodof requests for resurvey, disaster responders had to work on damage assessment, leavingrelief activities aside.In order to facilitate Housing damage assessment, this paper discusses thefollowing five points: (1) the processes and the problems of assessments performedin the Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Disaster, (2) the changes in the nature of informationneeded by the victims, (3) the improvements over the present damage assessment, (4)the housing situation in Japan, and (5) the international situation on damage assessment.It is obvious from the results that a poor damage assessment system and the size ofthe disaster produced a very large work load. Differences in appreciation among theinvestigators also contributed to unfair assessments and led to the victims beingincreasingly dissatisfied by the survey results. Finally, a design concept for acomprehensive damage assessment system, which has been derived from theabove five points, is proposed for post-disaster management.     

Placing of photos on the internet: Critical analysis of biases on the depictions of France and Afghanistan on FLICKR

The Internet and the representation of space therein are almost omnipresent in society and everyday life. Peer-produced geographic data is gaining a particular importance through increasingly available digital tools and techniques that shape the perception of space in the internet, such as flickr, OpenStreetMap or Wikipedia. However, few studies focused on how space is represented, and by whom it is described. We hypothesize that the alleged opening up of geographic information and the assumed benefits for every individual and society through the occurrence of ‘easy-to-use-mapping-tools’ was premature. To explore these assumptions, a comparative study of the flickr worldmap was undertaken and roughly 6.8 million metadatasets of geocoded photos in France, and roughly 50,000 metadatasets in Afghanistan were downloaded and the metadata was analyzed. Our results indicate that photos geocoded in France show a large diversity of motives, while photos geocoded in Afghanistan are mostly limited to content containing warfare when they are up loaded in English. The content of the photo and therefore the representation of space strongly depend on who uploaded the photo, particularly in Afghanistan. We can show that the representation of space on the internet, for the case of flickr, is strongly dominated by perceptions of Western societies and individuals. We therefore confirm our hypothesis that the supposed opening up of geographic information systems through ‘easy-to-use-mapping-tools’ and their democratization thereof was premature. Moreover, we highlight the importance of understanding who contributes online content to be able to evaluate peer-produced data, its value, and its possible applications to avoid reproducing biases.     

空孔直眼掏槽成腔模型理论与实践分析

空孔直眼掏槽是隧道或井巷掘进的主要方法之一。基于典型空孔掏槽炮眼布置,分析了掏槽眼爆破形成空腔的物理力学过程;建立了空腔形成的物理和力学模型;研究了腔内碎石在高压爆生气体作用下的抛射过程;得出了空腔尺寸的理论计算方法。槽腔岩石介质破碎和外端部漏斗形成取决于掏槽眼装药爆炸动作用;碎石的抛出率与炸药性质、岩石性质和爆破参数有关。理论分析与在某矿进行的48次试验结果有较好的吻合性。