城市居住小区环境归属感评价——以大连市为例

研究居民对居住小区环境归属感,进行定量评价并揭示其规律,可为指导城市小区规划设计提供依据。本文以调查问卷的形式,对大连市的居住小区进行调查,充分考虑评价因子的代表性和多层次性的特点,选取5项一级指标和25个单项指标建立评价指标体系;采用层次分析法与地理信息系统软件Surfer 8.0相结合的方法,对大连市居住小区归属感进行初步评价。研究结果表明:影响居住小区归属感的主要因子有舒适感、识别感、安全感、交流感、成就感;大连市居住小区归属感的整体评价较好,市内四区存在差异;归属感的高值区域分布在生态环境风景区、商务活动中心、靠近海岸线的地方及交通便利的地方。     

英国“捕捞配额蹦跳案”判例评述

自欧盟共同渔业政策实施以来,英国遇到了严重的"捕捞配额蹦跳"问题。为解决此问题,英国通过立法改变了渔船取得英国国籍的条件,但却被欧盟法院和英国法院裁定违反欧盟法,并对由此给受害方造成的损失负有国家赔偿责任。此案是具有宪法性质的判例,揭示了欧盟法和成员国法的上下位关系、英国法院借助欧盟法院的初裁可偶尔挑战英国议会法、捕捞渔业权是一种特殊的物权类型、成员国承担国家赔偿责任的要件以及欧盟委员会作为欧共体条约守护者的重要地位。另外,该案也显示了西班牙渔业界应对世界海洋渔业管理体制变革和欧盟政治经济一体化的能力。     

太湖流域水环境变化的货币化成本及环境治理政策实施效果分析——以江苏省为例

首先测算1987-2001年间太湖流域水环境变化货币化成本,结果表明,1987-2001年间全太湖流域水环境呈现阶段性恶化的特征,15年间水环境变化的货币化成本增长了约1251亿元,年均增长速度达6.67 %,其中,太湖流域苏南地区2001年的水环境货币化成本已经占到该地区GDP的19%. 其次,通过构建太湖流域水环境变化政策驱动力模型,检验了太湖流域环境治理政策的运行效果,结果表明,1996年以来实施的环境政策,使得太湖流域的水环境污染货币化成本下降了61.79%,因此,太湖流域的环境治理政策是有效的. 据此,文章最后从流域产业结构调整、发展循环经济以及建立多元的环境治理投融资体系等几个方面,提出了进一步推进太湖流域环境治理的政策建议.     

Damage Investigation of the Hutubi MS6.2 Earthquake on December 8, 2016

The Hutubi M_S6.2 earthquake occurred on December 8, 2016, in Hutubi County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, causing three people injured. The earthquake effected areas mainly included 25 townships and towns, plus Hutubi County and Manas County in Changji, Hutubi and Manas. The total effected area is 12,450km². In this paper, we summarize the seismo-tectonic background and geomorphic features of the earthquake zone. Under the guidance of the standard "The Earthquake Site Works-Parts 4:Assessment of Direct Loss", the damage to buildings and lifeline systems with various structural types are introduced, and we ultimately estimate the direct economic losses to mud-wood houses and the destruction of brick-wood houses. Our results indicate that "The Urban and Rural Seismic Safe Housing Project" played a key role in reducing this earthquake disaster.     

Prospects of interventions to alleviate rural–urban migration in Jiangsu Province,China based on sensitivity and scenario analysis

ABSTRACT

Rural–urban migration is an adaptive response to location-specific environmental or socio-economic stressors. Jiangsu Province, China is witnessing rapid economic growth fuelled by manufacturing and services sector. Rural–urban migration in Jiangsu, which brings higher stress to resource-carrying capacity of urban areas, is driven by rural “push” factors, principally labour surplus and unemployment in agriculture. This study investigates possible policy interventions aimed at relieving the rapid rural–urban migration in Jiangsu based on a sensitivity analysis of driving factors in rural agricultural production. It shows that rural–urban migration is sensitive to input elasticities of precipitation and labour. Two groups of scenario analysis corresponding to possible policy interventions are implemented. The first policy focuses on providing government subsidies to rural non-agricultural industries then compensate for the shrinking agricultural production. Another policy supports education in rural areas to provide more skilled labour resource which can be absorbed by non-agricultural industries. Both two policies are effective in reducing rural unemployment and alleviating rural–urban migration.     

The informal Australian city

In recent years, a vibrant literature on urban informality has emerged in urban geography. A key claim of this literature is that informality is not only present in cities in the Global South, and that the concept can be usefully applied to understand important dimensions of urbanisation in cities in the Global North. In this paper, we apply insights from that literature to an examination of informality in Australian cities, as a means of deepening our understanding of changes currently underway in urban governance and politics. Drawing on that literature and our own research into informal practices in Australian cities, we examine the forces that help to produce informality, the diverse forms and agents of informality, the forms of authority that they enact, and their relationship to formal economies, regulations and politics. We use examples of informal housing, informal labour, do-it-yourself music venues, graffiti and its regulation, food foraging, and queer community building in Sydney to illustrate our arguments. We conclude by reflecting on the lessons learnt across these diverse cases for our understanding of urban governance and politics in Australia, and offer an agenda for further research on this issue.     

中蒙俄高铁建设的影响机理及对策

中蒙俄高铁建设是促进中蒙俄交通基础设施互联互通、打造国际陆上交通走廊的重要举措,是中蒙俄经济走廊建设的重要突破口。科学合理地布局中蒙俄高铁线路、规避高铁建设面临的不利影响和风险,急需理清高铁建设的影响因子,揭示其作用机理和空间分布格局,制定针对性强的防控对策。本文分析了中蒙俄高铁建设的主要影响因子,阐明了各类因子对高铁建设的影响机理,通过构建一种综合集成的影响指数评估模型（IIIEM）,量化评估了不同地区各类影响因子的影响指数,揭示了其空间分布格局,并据此制定了消除影响的中蒙俄高铁东线和西线的线路布局建议方案。提出通过“高铁换资源、高铁换市场”等互利共赢创新合作模式,消除经济影响;加强沟通和技术展示,降低社会影响;通过设置缓冲区及高科技手段,规避生态风险;构建中蒙俄跨境地区三大生态风险跨国联合防控体系,加强政策对接,促进中蒙俄经济一体化等防控对策及保障措施。本研究将为中蒙俄高铁建设线路科学合理布局、风险防控提供科技支撑和决策参考。     

Implications of Nontraditional Housing Arrangements for Urban Water Management in the United States Intermountain West

Homeowners living in single-family detached housing have dominated the literature exploring drivers of residential water use. Meanwhile, rentals, multiunit buildings, and residences governed by private associations are an increasingly important component of the American residential landscape. We used data from a large sample of households in northern Utah cities to explore the effects of these nontraditional housing arrangements on water use decision-making, attitudes and behaviors, and their implications for urban water management. After accounting for the sociodemographic characteristics of respondent households, we found that residents of nontraditional housing arrangements are much less likely to have authority over key water use decisions, and differ significantly from residents of traditional housing in regards to water use perceptions and concerns, self-reported water behaviors, and support for various local water policy options. Traditional approaches to urban residential water management should be adapted to renters, residents in multiunit buildings, and members of community associations.     

居住选择对流动人口城市居留意愿的影响——基于一项对福建省流动人口的调查

采用2015年福建省流动人口抽样调查数据,使用序次回归模型,系统分析由住房产权类型、居住区位、居住家庭化程度和住房支付能力衡量的居住选择如何影响流动人口的城市居留意愿。结果发现：当将长期居住意愿、户籍迁移意愿和永久定居意愿3部分指标的加和定义为城市居留意愿指标时,流动人口在城市居留意愿远低于预期,真正愿意将长期居住、户籍迁移、永久定居三者统一起来的流动人口不足二成。回归模型结果表明,居住选择的确对流动人口的城市居留意愿产生显著影响,在控制流动人口的个人、家庭特征和流动状况等变量后,拥有住房所有权、居住在中心城区、与家人一起居住和更高的住房支付能力的流动人口,更愿意在城市永久定居。