波浪作用下近岸区污染物输移扩散的数学模型及其实验验证

在近岸缓坡浅水海岸,波浪破碎产生沿岸流是近岸海域流场的重要组成部分,它对污染物输移扩散规律的影响重大,在高阶近似抛物化缓坡方程求解大面积波浪场基础上,建立了波浪作用下污染物输移扩散数学模型.计算结果与不同坡度均匀斜坡地形上具有不同波高、周期的规则波及不规则波浪作用下污染物输移扩散实验结果进行了比较,分析了各种因素对波浪作用下沿岸流分布规律影响,所得结论认为地形坡度及入射波高对污染物输移扩散的影响较大,波浪作用将使缓坡海滩上污染物的输移扩散平行岸线方向.     

N阶中立型泛函微分方程新的振动准则

作者对一类N阶中立型泛函微分方程给出了新的区间振动准则。文中的结果推广和改进了由Lalli等人得到的广义Kamenev型准则及其它已知结果。     

考虑表皮效应的径向溶质迁移模型以及半解析解

径向示踪试验是一种非常有效的获取含水层弥散参数的试验方法,但传统径向示踪试验很少考虑抽水井附近的表皮效应(由于钻井施工工艺所导致抽水井附近一定区域水力性质发生变化).建立了考虑表皮效应的单井注入示踪试验模型,并利用Lapalce变换以及数值逆变换获得了该模型的半解析解.系统分析了表皮区域水力性质对示踪试验穿透曲线的影响规律.研究结果表明:表皮区域的弥散度越大,穿透曲线早期的浓度越高,且峰值越高;表皮孔隙度越大,穿透曲线早期浓度越低,后期浓度越高;此外,散度差异也会导致浓度分布曲线在表皮区域与含水层界面处发生突变.总之,表皮效应对径向溶质迁移产生了较大的影响,有必要将表皮效应考虑到径向示踪试验中去.     

Influences of axial load on the lateral response of single pile with integral equation method

This article revisits the influences of axial load on the lateral response of single pile with integral equation method. The problem is formulated by decomposing the pile soil system into an extended elastic soil and a fictitious pile, the former of which is analyzed by making use of the fundamental Mindlin's solution for a concentrated horizontal load whereas the latter is modeled by the conventional beam bending theory. According to the rotation compatibility condition between the fictitious pile and the extended soil, a Fredholm integral equation of the second kind is established with the shear strain and rotation angle of the fictitious pile being the basic unknowns. The bending moment and displacement distribution along the pile are subsequently obtained. Comparison with existing solutions validates the accuracy and applicability of the present formulation. The results of parametric analysis indicate that the influences of axial load on the lateral response of single piles could be significant, and in general, the bending moment and horizontal displacement distributions along the pile increase considerably with the increase of axial load. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于大规模手机位置数据的城市潜在自行车出行需求评估

潜在自行车出行是指可能会使用自行车作为交通工具的出行,评估潜在自行车出行需求能够帮助指导城市自行车资源配置方案的优化。大规模手机位置数据蕴含丰富的人群移动信息,而且具有大样本、低成本的特点,能够用于评估城市潜在自行车出行需求。本文结合自行车出行的时间和距离特征,提出一种基于大规模手机位置数据的潜在自行车出行需求评估方法。该方法以单次出行为分析单元,从手机用户的轨迹中提取出具有短距离出行特征和公共交通接驳出行特征的移动轨迹段,并根据该移动轨迹段评估潜在自行车出行需求。基于该方法,利用上海市大规模手机位置数据评估上海市潜在自行车出行需求并分析其时空分布特征,发现在空间上,潜在自行车短距离出行需求主要分布在城市中心和郊区的商业中心,而公共交通接驳的自行车需求主要分布在郊区。在时间上,上午,自行车出行需求从非中心城区向中心城区聚拢;晚上,上海市自行车出行骑车与停车需求从中心城区向非中心城区扩散。     

高位池养殖凡纳滨对虾生长的研究

用高位池养殖凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)进行生长研究。凡纳滨对虾养殖密度为135~165万尾/hm2,养殖海水盐度10.0~16.0,温度28.1~34.2℃,pH值7.6~8.8,DO5.0~6.0 mg/L。结果表明:凡纳滨对虾体长(L)与体重(W)的对应关系为:W=0.01 955L2.784;体长生长方程:Lt=13.82(1-е-0.012 01(t-0.699 4));体重生长方程:Wt=29.250 7×(1-е-0.012 01×(t-0.699 4))3;体长生长速率方程:dl/dt=13.823 1×0.012 01×е-0.01 20 1×(t-0.699 4);体重生长速率方程:dw/dt=3×29.250 7×0.012 01×е-0.012 01×(t-0.699 4)×(1-е-0.01201(t-0.699 4)2);高位池养殖凡纳滨对虾拐点年龄为91.36 d,拐点年龄前体长增长较快,拐点年龄后体长增长相对较慢,而拐点年龄前体重增长较慢,拐点年龄后体重增长较快。     

Analysis of the water content in an unconfined aquifer with a partially penetrated pumping well

Most methods developed to represent water flow phenomena in an unconfined aquifer with a fully penetrated pumping well are either numerical, such as the well‐known FEMWTER model, or experimental; analytical models of a partially penetrated pumping well are rare. This study employs the linearized Richards equation as the governing equation, with the aid of Fourier Integral Transformation, to obtain an analytical solution of the water content distribution in an unconfined aquifer with a partially penetrated pumping well. The results from this study could serve to substantiate in some sense results from numerical models. In addition, the theory developed herein can be modified to simulate a vacuum‐pressured pumping well since it is derived by considering, among others, the location and length of a well screen with fluxes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Spatial distribution and diurnal variation of chemical oxygen demand at the beginning of the rainy season in the Changjiang （Yangtze） River Estuary

A field observation was carried out in the Changjiang （Yangtze） River Estuary from May 19 to 26, 2003. A total of 29 stations, including 2 anchored stations, were occupied through almost the whole salinity gradient. Based on the observation data, biogeochemistry of chemical oxygen demand （COD） was examined. Spatial distribution pattern of COD shows that it decreased downstream. The COD concentration varied generally within a narrow range of 1.24-1.60 mg/L in the zone around the river mouth, beyond which it decreased rapidly to 0.20 mg/L. In the mixed water zone, the fluctuation in COD was smaller at 2 m above the bottom layer than at the surface layer in 48 h. In the seawater zone, the 48-h fluctuation at the surface was the largest, followed by that of 5 m below the surface and 2 m above the bottom layers in a range of from 2.50 to 0.55 mg/L. Freshwater discharge was the dominant source of COD in the estuary. The average COD beyond the river mouth was 2.7 mg/L, which accorded with the Chinese seawater quality Grade I. Relationships between dissolved oxygen and biogeochemical parameters such as suspended particulate matter, dissolved organic matter and chlorophyll-a were also discussed.