重庆市房价与地价影响因素实证研究

房价与地价的影响因素多且因素之间相关关系复杂,本次研究通过收集整理重庆市房价与地价的相关数据,采用政策因素、宏观区位因素、微观区位因素、平均容积率因素、规划因素、路网密度因素来研究房价与地价之间的关系,通过建立因素间的通径图构建房价地价的结构方程模型,详细分析了各因素之间的影响关系.     

Increasing underwater vehicle autonomy by reducing energy consumption

In this paper, we concern ourselves with finding a control strategy that minimizes energy consumption along a trajectory connecting two given configurations. We develop an algorithm, based on our previous work with the time optimal problem, which provides implementable control strategies that are energy efficient. We find an interesting correlation between the duration of these trajectories and the optimal duration. We present the algorithm, control strategy and experimental results from our test-bed vehicle.     

O<Subscript>2</Subscript> consumption rate and its isotopic fractionation factor in the deep water of the Philippine Sea

Concentration and stable isotopic compositions (δ ¹⁸O) of dissolved O₂ were measured in seawater samples collected from the Philippine Sea in June 2006. The in-situ O₂ consumption rate and the isotopic fractionation factor (α _r ) during dissolved O₂ consumption were obtained from field observations by applying a vertical one-dimensional advection diffusion model to the deep water mass of about 1000–4000 m. The average O₂ consumption rate and α _r were, respectively, 0.11 ± 0.07 μmol kg⁻¹yr⁻¹ and 0.990 ± 0.001. These estimated values agree well with values from earlier estimations of Pacific deep water. The in-situ O₂ consumption rates are two or more times higher north of 20°N, although the value of α _r was not significantly different between the north and south. Its levels varied rapidly in the water mass of less about 2000 m depth. These results suggest that organic matter from the continent imparts a meaningful contribution to the upper water in the northern part of the area; it might produce the strong O₂ minimum that is evident in the water mass from about 1000–2000 m in the northern part of the Philippine Sea.     

Sediment community oxygen consumption in the deep Gulf of Mexico

Sediment community oxygen consumption (SCOC) has been measured from the continental shelf out to the Sigsbee Abyssal Plain in the NE Gulf of Mexico (GoM). SCOC rates on the continental shelf were an order of magnitude higher than those on the adjacent continental slope (450–2750 m depth) and two orders of magnitude higher than those on the abyssal plain at depths of 3.4–3.65 km. Oxygen penetration depth into the sediment was inversely correlated with SCOC measured within incubation chambers, but rates of SCOC calculated from either the gradient of the [O₂] profiles or the total oxygen penetration depth were generally lower than those derived from chamber incubations. SCOC rates seaward of the continental shelf were lower than at equivalent depths on most continental margins where similar studies have been conducted, and this is presumed to be related to the relatively low rates of pelagic production in the GoM. The SCOC, however, was considerably higher than the input of organic detritus from the surface-water plankton estimated from surface-water pigment concentrations, suggesting that a significant fraction of the organic matter nourishing the deep GoM biota is imported laterally down slope from the continental margin.     

基于脱钩指数和LMDI的青海省绿色低碳发展策略研究

推动青海省绿色低碳转型发展,既是推进黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展的迫切需要,也有助于缓解我国应对气候变化和碳减排工作压力。采用Tapio脱钩指数和对数平均迪氏指数(LMDI)分解法,在分析能源消费及碳排放变化与经济总量增长脱钩关系的基础上,对影响能源消费及碳排放的因素进行了分解研究,提出了推动青海省绿色低碳发展转型的着力点。主要结论：能源消费及碳排放与经济总量增长实现脱钩,且“十三五”时期“喇叭口”现象日益明显;人口和经济增长是能源消费和碳排放增长的主要驱动力;能源强度下降总体上减缓了能源消费和碳排放的增长,与第二产业能源消费强度变化密切相关;能源结构调整有效抑制了碳排放增长,且抑制作用不断增强;产业结构调整缓解能源消费需求的作用全面显现,但还需进一步调整第二产业结构。建议：提高有色金属冶炼、化工以及非金属矿物制品业等传统工业用煤效率和燃煤发电效率;减少对有色金属冶炼、化工等传统工业的过度依赖;推动风、光、水、火、储多能集约高效利用。     

基于互相关的小型化低功耗超声波风速风向仪设计

超声波风速风向仪具有无转动部件,响应快,精度高的优点,但体积大、功耗高、成本高成为限制超声波风速风向仪广泛使用的主要因素。为了便于超声波风速风向仪的推广和使用,本文采用国产FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array)并结合FIR(Finite Impulse Respond)滤波器以及互相关检测算法设计了一款超声波风速风向仪,探头之间的距离仅为80 mm,感风面积仅为传统超声波风的1/10,使得省级风洞均可计量检定。整机经过风洞实测,每秒钟可完成50次风速风向测量,在0～5 m/s时风速最大测量误差为±0.3 m/s, 5～20 m/s时风速最大测量误差为±0.5 m/s, 20～30 m/s风速测量最大误差为±5%,稳定风速下风向测量最大误差为±1°以内,总功耗为0.2 W(仅为传统超声波风功耗的1/20)。通过实测数据发现,FPGA结合数字滤波及互相关检测算法相比于传统的DSP(Digital Signal Processor)超声波风速风向仪能明显缩小体积,降低成本功耗。     

Distribution and cycling of dimethylsulfide (DMS) and dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) in the sea-surface microlayer of the Yellow Sea, China, in spring

The distributions of dimethylsulfide (DMS) and its precursor, dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), were examined in the surface microlayer and corresponding subsurface water of the Yellow Sea, China, in April 2006. The average concentrations of DMS and DMSP of dissolved (DMSPd) and particulate (DMSPp) forms were 5.42 (1.78–12.75), 9.22 (2.85–19.73) and 17.50 (4.33–36.09) nmol L⁻¹ in the subsurface water, and those in the surface microlayer were 4.92 (1.69–10.66), 17.08 (3.13–38.82) and 22.54 (4.85–47.24) nmol L⁻¹, respectively. The enrichment factor (EF) of DMS in the microlayer ranged from 0.47 to 2.24 with a mean of 0.98. In contrast, DMSPd and DMSPp appeared to be enriched in the microlayer with average EFs of 1.98 and 1.39, respectively. A close correlation of integrated DMS, DMSPp and chlorophyll a concentrations for compiled data from all stations in the microlayer and the subsurface water indicated that phytoplankton biomass might play an important role in controlling the distributions of biogenic sulfurs in the study area. Moreover, a statistically significant relationship was found between the microlayer concentrations of DMS, DMSP and chlorophyll a and their subsurface water concentrations, suggesting a close linkage between these two water compartments. Interestingly, we observed higher biological production rates and consumption rates of DMS in the microlayer relative to the subsurface water. Furthermore, the DMS production rates were closely correlated both with DMSPd and chlorophyll a concentrations. Our study showed that the major sink of DMS in microlayer was escape into the atmosphere, which greatly exceeded its bacterial consumption. A preliminary estimate for average flux of DMS from the Yellow Sea to the atmosphere was 6.41 μmol m⁻² d⁻¹ during spring.     

华东地区气温变化对居住建筑能源消耗的影响研究

基于1961-2007年华东478个测站和2010-2039年RegCM3模式模拟的日平均气温资料,分析了华东采暖度日和制冷度日时空变化特征及其与气温变化的关系。结果表明,1961-2007年期间,华东采暖度日呈先增加后减少的变化趋势,制冷度日则呈先减少后增加的变化趋势。在2010-2039年期间,华东采暖度日将继续减...     

经济适用住房在城市中的空间分布——基于DEM的武汉市实例分析

经济适用住房作为具有保障性质的政策性住房,其在城市中的空间分布决定了居住其中的中低收入家庭在城市中的空间位置和聚散程度,这不仅是一个建设选址问题,也关系城市经济社会的发展。基于经济适用住房的特点,分析了经济适用住房在城市中空间分布的“两阶段性”,分布过程中面临的问题,并提出经济适用住房“空间福利”概念和计算方法;选取武汉市作为分析实例,基于GIS 平台和构建DEM的方法对武汉市经济适用住房的空间分布概况、空间福利比较以及微观面上的建设选址和空间质量分配问题进行了分析和探讨。     

城市消费空间“家”的想象与情感建构

在以符号和审美为表征的后现代消费时代,消费空间的社会文化意义建构日益成为新文化地理学的关注热点。本研究延循“家”的地理学理论脉络,以广州宜家家居为案例,采用质性研究方法,探讨经营者和消费者不同主体对宜家空间“家”的建构、表征、想象与实践。研究发现：①经营者采用了空间技术、景观塑造和话语表征等策略植入“家”文化元素,将宜家建构为一个“舒适、安全、亲密和具有凝聚性”的“家”空间。②消费者则通过购物消费、具身展演、日常生活实践解读空间的特殊意涵,将宜家建构为良好的情感治疗空间和社交场所,从而实现了对宜家的情感认同。③宜家消费空间是消费者与经营者实践共谋的另类“家”空间。其含义远远超越纯粹的消费场所,不仅实现了消费者对“家”的渴望及其“失家”体验的在场弥补,并且打破了家空间与公共空间、私密与公开的界限,模糊和消解了“家”的边界,进一步延伸和丰富了“家”的概念和意涵。