Methods for monitoring tidal flushing in large animal burrows in tropical mangrove swamps

The typically anaerobic nature of mangrove sediments provides significant challenges to the mangrove trees and biota inhabiting them. The burrowing activities and flow of water through the numerous and complex animal burrows perforating the sediments of mangroves have a major influence on the biogeochemistry of the sediments and are important to the enhancement of nutrient and oxygen exchange. Two new methods are presented for monitoring the tidal flushing of Sesarma messa and Alpheus cf macklay burrows in a Rhizophora stylosa mangrove forest – by measuring oxygen content of burrow water and by determining the change in fluorescence of a dye tracer through tidal inundation. A case study using the first of these showed oxygen consumption rates at the burrow wall deep within the burrow were found to be between 210 and 460 μmol O₂ m⁻² h⁻¹. The influx of oxygen during a flood tide was found to be significant and indicated that approximately 40% of the burrow water is flushed during a single tidal event. However, the high consumption rate of oxygen within the burrow resulted in the oxygen concentration remaining at or below one-third of the oxygen content of the flooding tidal water. A test application of the second method, using rhodamine dye as a tracer, indicated that the exchange of water between the burrow and the flooding tide was found to be in the order of 30% of the burrow volume. These new techniques provide a means to further study the nutrient exchange within these burrow systems and verify the initial findings that several tidal inundations are necessary to completely flush the burrows.     

The restoration of fishing services and the conveyance of risk information in the Southern California Bight

Southern California's marine areas are heavily contaminated with dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) and polychlorinated-biphenyls (PCBs), and fish consumption advisories (FCAs) have been issued throughout the region. Between 2002 and 2003, the Montrose Angler Survey, a large-scale survey of subsistence anglers, was developed and implemented on site in Orange and Los Angeles counties. This survey was intended to assist natural resource trustees in the development of restoration programs that will address injuries to natural resources and restore lost economic services for anglers, but the data were never fully analyzed. The trustees have shown a clear preference for ecological restoration programs that may take years to improve fishing services. In contrast, this analysis, which includes a random-parameter fishing site choice model, demonstrates that simple, inexpensive programs such as better signage to warn of FCAs and transportation to clean sites have the potential to yield substantial benefits quickly. This paper also focuses on how different ethnic minority groups are affected by FCAs, and determines how best to communicate risk information and change fishing behavior through outreach programs.     

Effects of Body Weight and Water Temperature on Maximum Food Consumption of JuvenileSebastodes fuscescens (Houttuyn)

1　INTRODUCTIONTherateoffoodconsumptionoffishfedadlibitumisregardedasthemaximumrateoffoodconsumption(Cmax) (Woottonetal.,1 980 ) .SeveralfactorsthatinfluenceCmaxincludingbodyweight (Liuetal.,1 998) ,watertemperature (Liuetal.,1 998) ,dis solvedoxygen (Vivekanandan ,1 977) ,salinity (ZanuyandCarrillo ,1 985 ) ,andphotoperiod (Grossetal.,1 965 ) ,werereported .Bodysizeandwatertemperaturewereregardedastwoofthemostimportantfactors,andhadreceivedmostattention (Elliott,1 979;Woottonetal.,1 …     

耦合手机信令数据和房价数据的城市不同经济水平人群行为活动模式研究

有效分析城市不同经济水平人群的分布特征和活动模式对优化城市资源配置和揭示空间隔离现象有着极高的价值。但人群活动和社会经济等级数据较敏感,使得以往研究仅停留在宏观层面,难以合理划分人群经济等级并对其空间分布和活动模式进行定量分析。本研究以深圳为研究区,基于空间位置关联分析方法,耦合手机信令数据和细尺度房价数据实现了人群经济水平的准确划分,通过计算活动指标定量的分析了不同经济水平人群的空间分布和行为活动特征。研究表明：深圳市不同经济水平人群活动分布与各行政区经济发展相关,呈现“南高北低,西高东低”的格局;深圳市不同经济水平人群之间活动模式存在差异,活动范围、出行距离、出行速度与经济水平存在正向相关;高经济水平人群职住地点相距较远,存在跨行政区分布的现象。本研究分析了城市不同经济水平人群的空间分布特征和活动模式,对城市规划和解决社会不平等问题具有重要的参考价值。     

住房成本与通勤成本的空间互动关系——来自北京市场的微观证据及其宏观含义

住房成本和通勤成本是城市空间结构中两个相互关联的内生变量。居民在进行居住区位 选择时, 会在这两者之间进行权衡, 从而形成住房价格、建筑密度和通勤行为在空间上的变化规 律。本文回顾了通勤成本和住房成本间的理论均衡关系, 探讨了各种现实情况是如何影响这个理 论关系的; 并利用大规模调研所采集的北京市微观个体数据, 提供了这一互动关系的一些定量证 据; 最后从两个角度探讨了这种互动关系在城市管理的公共政策方面的宏观含义: 考虑通勤成本 后的住房支付能力评价, 以及就业与居住过度分离的社会效果分析。     

兰州市主城区房价分异及驱动因素研究

以2021年兰州市主城区678个居住小区房价数据为基础,引入地理场模型量化影响房价的外部因素,通过空间自相关分析、多尺度地理加权回归等模型对房价分异的空间格局及驱动因素的作用机理、带宽差异展开研究,以期为推动河谷型城市房产市场的公平发展提供参考。结果表明:(1)兰州市主城区平均房价为13739元·m^-2,空间上呈现“一主三副”的带状多中心组团式分布格局,房价由多中心向四周递减,价格相似的小区在地理空间上邻近分布,具有“小集中、大分散”的局部空间特征。(2)房价分异是多种驱动因素共同作用的结果,区位特征中的主商圈对房价的影响居于首位,建筑特征中的房龄、容积率和邻里特征中的中学数量、绿化率等对房价的影响较大,城市地理特征对房价具有显著影响,愈靠近黄河的小区、房价越高。(3)各驱动因素的带宽差异明显,主商圈、医院等小尺度变量存在高度空间异质性,而容积率、黄河等全局变量基本不存在空间异质性。     

A comparison of state space and multiple regression for monthly forecasts: U.S. Fuel consumption

Monthly consumption forecasts for U.S. oil, natural gas, and coal are made using state space and multiple regression applied to the same data. These forecasts are compared with actual consumption for a test period. The forecasts made using state space are preferred to those made using multiple regression models for both expost and exante cases. The state space forecasts track data cycles better than do the regression forecasts. Average absolute forecast errors are less for the state space models than they are for the multiple regression models.     

城市人口的遥感估算方法

常规人口估算方法耗时、费力、财物消耗大且周期长,况且,仅靠少数年份的人口统计资料也是难以准确揭示人口状况的。尽管应用遥感方法估算人口的历史并不长,精度也还不高,但已显示了其优越性。遥感估算人口的主要原理如下。 (1)美国国防卫星及NOAA卫星的热红外通道图像说明,人口分布及其数量与城市耗能量(人工热源)相关,而耗能量又与图像灰度相关;(2)城市人口的膨胀与城市面积的扩展相关;(3)像片上进行住宅计数,用人口普查资料或抽样调查方法确定每户平均人数则可进行人口估算;4)人口密度大小也反映在人工结构物及自然物体的波谱反射率差异上,据此可建立人口数量与反射率的回归方程。     

磁层系统的能量输入、输出与日地耦合

用１９７８年和１９８２年３６个磁暴期间的太阳风、行星际磁场（ＩＭＦ）和地磁资料，分析和检验已有的两类太阳风－磁层能量耦合函数．结果表明：Ａｋａｓｏｆｕ提出的耦合函数ε能大致地预报亚暴和磁暴的发生。ε开始起重要作用时即出现亚暴；电离层能耗达到饱和值是发生磁暴的标志。ε与磁层体系能耗之间有接近于对数量的线性关系．用１９７８－１９８６年的资料，分析环电流和极光区电离层能耗在１２１个太阳自转周内的分布表明，日面上可能存在相对持久的活动区域