城市能源消费碳排放特征及其机理分析 ——以广州市为例

采用表观能源消费数据进行分能源品种和分行业类型的碳排放总量核算,利用基于IDA理论和Kaya恒等式的LMDI模型对碳排放总量变化进行多要素的分解分析,在解析人口规模效应、经济产出效应、能源强度效应对碳排放影响机理的同时,进一步纳入人口结构性因素、产业结构性因素和能源结构性因素对碳排放的影响。以广州市为例,对其2003—2013年产业活动和居民消费2个部门碳排放的主要驱动因素进行时间序列分析,并定量研究各个影响因子在2003—2005、2005—2010和2010—2013年3个不同发展阶段的作用机理,主要研究结论如下：1）广州市能源消费及其碳排放前期以煤炭为主,近年来以石油为主,同时外购电力对广州市的能源消费结构优化影响显著。2）各影响因子对广州市碳排放总量变化的作用机理与影响机制在3个发展阶段各不相同,不同发展阶段的发展措施和政策背景对于各个影响因子的碳排放效应影响显著。3）总体分析,经济产出效应和人口规模效应是产业部门碳排放增长的最主要贡献因子;工业能源消费强度效应、工业能源消费结构效应和经济结构效应是遏制产业部门碳排放增长的最主要贡献因子。城镇居民收入效应是居民消费碳排放增长的最主要贡献因子,城镇居民能源消费强度效应是遏制居民消费碳排放增长的最主要贡献因子。     

消费转型背景下度假型旅游地时空修复——基于三亚海棠湾的案例研究

消费转型背景下旅游目的地供需失衡矛盾凸显,由此引致了目的地新一轮的结构性调整,然而这一现象并未引起学界足够重视,现有的理论框架在解释力度上也存在明显不足。本文在详细剖析时空修复理论研究成果的基础上,结合中国情境与旅游情境,提出了资本应对消费转型的一般框架,分析了三亚海棠湾时空修复的整体历程,并揭示了案例背后的制度逻辑。研究表明：资本以时空修复的方式完成了对消费转型的应对。其中,时空修复的经济维度包括资本的空间修复与时间修复,在三亚海棠湾,空间修复突出的表现为地理扩张与空间重组,时间修复则重点表现在二级循环的缓建、停建及其向三级循环的跃迁。时空修复的非经济维度方面,政府部门藉由尺度重组用以促进资本的循环与积累,通过尺度上推,借助意识形态与城市战略,构建了资本空间运行的合法性;通过尺度下推,藉由绩效优先原则与权力下放策略,支持与服务资本的空间运行。但政府的部分行为在某种程度上干扰了市场秩序,延缓危机的同时制造了更大的隐患。此外,时空修复与尺度重组之间存在着理论关联,消费转型使得原有资本节律失常,地域组织通过尺度重组搭建起全新的地理架构,为资本的时空修复提供了相对稳定的地理平台。本文完善了时空修复的理论框架,部分回应了消费市场的理性回归对度假地的可能影响。     

Housing privatization and the return of the state: changing governance in China

Housing privatization seems to suggest a process of state retreat. However, this is not always the case in China. This paper examines an estate that is mixed with work-unit housing and municipal public housing to understand its changing governance. It is intriguing to observe that the state has had to return to this neighborhood to strengthen its administration following housing privatization, because the attempt to transfer responsibility to commercial property management failed. The neighborhood governance, however, has transformed from one based on work-units to a government-funded administrative agency. The return of the state has been achieved through professional social workers, and it is struggling to operate, leading to the alienation and disempowerment of former state work-unit residents. The side effect of this approach to governance is that, through encouraging market provision and commercial operation which is not fully working, reciprocal activities are restrained. Since housing privatization, the neighborhood has deteriorated from a brand-new estate into an ‘old and dilapidated neighborhood’ in less than 25 years.     

空间功能视角下的公共服务对房价的影响——以成都市为例

房价的快速上涨和城市内部房价的巨大差异引起社会广泛关注,调控房价,防止局部区域房价过热势在必行。本文从城市空间功能的视角出发,以成都市2016年房价为例,基于地理探测器分析公共服务对房价的影响。结果表明：成都平均房价为8480元/m²,并从市中心沿交通环线和放射状干线同时向郊区递减,形成圈层加放射格局,总体上呈现西高东低、南高北低的特点。公共服务(主要包括医疗、金融和教育服务)对房价的影响以第三圈层和西南方最为显著,且高于城市层面上整体的影响。公共服务对房价的影响显著受不同区域的空间功能差异的影响,公共服务和空间功能差异会加剧房价的分异格局,并推动局部房价过热。因此,显著地受到在房价调控中,不仅要有传统的金融、经济政策,还要注重空间功能和公共服务的优化。     

The modifiable areal unit problem in hedonic house-price models

When geographically aggregated data are included in hedonic models, the resulting coefficients are biased by the spatial scale and spatial configuration of variable measurement. We explore the effects of this modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP) within the context of hedonic price models with an individual-level dependent variable. Specifically, we developed standard and spatial hedonic regression models in order to examine the effects of the MAUP on model fit and coefficient estimates. Our empirical analysis documents several significant scale and zoning effects in the hedonic modeling framework. First, neighborhood characteristics are clearly important in efforts to improve model fit—and they are more significant contributors in the standard model than in the spatial hedonic model. For aggregation scale, the model fit change of the standard model is relatively large, whereas the change is more modest for spatial models. The patterns of change in model fit for standard and spatial hedonic models clearly diverge from one another, implying the existence of a scale level showing a maximum functional range of the submarket on which scale dependencies are expected to have an impact. Regarding the zoning effect, the model fits for both standard and spatial hedonic models vary according to the submarket systems.     

Taming a “chaotic concept”: gentrification and segmented consumption in Brooklyn, 2002–2012

Public debate and prior scholarship tend to emphasize the link between gentrification and high-end chain retail, underscoring the importance of taste cultures tied to social class in making sense of gentrification’s impact on neighborhood identity. In this study, we present evidence from 10 years of change in the businesses of Brooklyn, New York City, a period of extensive gentrification across a wide variety of neighborhood and census-tract level contexts. Adopting census tracts clustered in neighborhoods as the units of analysis, we model the effects of institutional and demographic change on two separate outcomes: chain retail density and homogeneity in the types of goods and services available. We argue that changes in consumer culture embedded in broader processes of gentrification are neither “chaotic” nor “unitary” but are “segmented” according to local spatial and demographic context, taking two discrete forms: institutionally facilitated corporatization; lifestyle-driven homogenization.     

The right to infrastructure: a struggle for sanitation in Fresno,California homeless encampments

In 2013, Fresno, California was home to more than 5,000 homeless people, many of whom took refuge in sprawling downtown encampments. Citing unsanitary conditions, Fresno officials implemented a policy of bulldozing the encampments while providing housing vouchers to a small number of residents. Yet homeless Fresnans by and large demanded the provision of sanitation in the encampments as an alternative to eviction. In doing so, they invoked their right to urban infrastructure. Drawing from literature on informal housing in the Global South, this paper argues that individual housing rights present a limited framework through which to understand homeless people’s right to the city, and that a truly radical right to the city should reflect the demand for sanitation infrastructure emerging from the streets.     

The survey of touristry information system

1IntroductionofTouristryinformationSystem(TIS)1.1InformationdemandoftourismTourismisdependentoninfonnahon.FirSt,touriStlyconsumphondependsoninfo~on.Theincreaseofincomeandsparethee,andtheimprovementoftranSPOrtahonstimulatetouriStrydemandofthemasses,whetherthetouriStlydemandcanbe~edintotouriStryconsumphonreliesontheopthehcamechonresultingfromtouriStlySPotSanditScorrespondingseduceandinstallahons,apparenhy,itrelatesnotonlytothedjstinedonandqualityofthetouriStryresourcebutalsotoitSfame.msc…     

基于最小能耗的海洋浮式平台位置轨迹优化

【目的】研究解决海洋大惯量浮式平台在复杂海况影响下所引起的振动冲击问题。【方法】采用逆运动学分析方法对平台回转位置进行优化研究,提出一种基于关节最小耗能的多目标轨迹优化算法。采用分段样条插值方法构造关节位置曲线,并建立关节能耗轨迹优化模型,采用粒子群算法实现对关节位置的优化搜索,从而得到基于平台转动最小耗能的位置优化轨迹。【结果与结论】所采用的轨迹优化方法能有效改善系统运行的平滑性,降低回转机构振动与冲击的影响程度,可为平台的振动与冲击主动控制提供必要的理论依据。     

中国对虾生物能量学研究Ⅰ——温度、体重、盐度和摄食状态对耗氧率和排氨率的影响

实验于１９９６年５月～９月对３种规格养殖中国对虾在不同条件下的耗氧率和排氨率进行了测定。结果表明,温度、体重、盐度和摄食状态对其代谢有显著影响。耗氧率（ＱＯ）和排氨率（ＱＮ）与温度正相关,ｌｎＱＯ＝０．０５８Ｔ－２．８９４;ｌｎＱＮ＝０．０７６Ｔ＋１．１１６;而与体重呈负相关,ＱＯ＝０．５１５Ｗ－０．１２６;ＱＮ＝２５．０５Ｗ－０．１９９。在盐度５～３５范围内,中国对虾（３．０２５ｇ±０．０８８ｇ）的耗氧率和排氨率在盐度２８时最小。中国对虾（３．１３ｇ±０．０７２ｇ）摄食沙蚕和配合饲料,在饱食状态下耗氧率比饥饿状态下分别提高了８３．９％和２９．３％,排泄率增加了１１３．８％和９３．６％,表明摄食时蛋白质代谢增加显著。