中国“四极”区域旅游合作发展模式研究

在区域旅游合作内容与方式不断发生变革的今天,“中国四极”区域旅游合作框架的提出可谓是一种全新的构想,其不仅可对“四极”地区各自独特的旅游资源进行有效的整合,进而形成既内容丰富又极具特色的完整的旅游品牌;同时这种基于大尺度空间及时间背景下的合作也必然会带来其与相关线路、相关区域之间的旅游协作,从而带动更大区域范围内旅游业的发展。本文从中国“四极”合作开发的可行性分析入手,探讨了中国“四极”合作的发展模式、合作内容和运行机制等方面的问题。     

江西省温泉资源地理分布及旅游开发布局研究

温泉具有医疗保健作用,是一种重要的健康旅游资源。江西省拥有丰富的温泉资源,分布范围广泛,集中分布在西部和南部的山地丘陵地区。江西温泉资源进行现代旅游开发的历史较短,已进行旅游开发的温泉仅占少数,开发强度由赣北、赣中到赣南依次递减。依据江西省内各区域温泉资源特点、交通条件、经济状况及旅游业发展水平等因素,提出采用网络化模式发展温泉旅游,通过“点一轴”渐进式扩散,形成“点”、“轴”、“面”相结合的空间结构网络系统,形成“一心两核、二轴四区”的旅游空间格局。     

我国南方春季低温冷害气候及其大气环流特征

利用我国南方6省45个站1951－1995年2－4月的月平均气温资料分析该地区春季低温冷害气候特征，发现有7个低温冷害年，1957，1968，1969，1970，1984，1985和1988年，最严重的年份是1968和1988年，严重低温冷害主要发生在3，4月份，严重低温冷害最为频繁的地区是江南南部，南方春季低温冷害年际变化有着明显的阶段性和群发性，80年代我国南方春季低温冷害频繁，50年代次之，60，70年代较少，90年代前期几乎没有，典型的春季低温和高温年份，严洲中高纬度大气环流，西太洋平洋副热带高压以及太平洋热带海洋状况都有显著的差异，特别是，亚洲极涡，纬向环流指数，西太平洋副热带高压比界位置及太平洋暖池的海表面温度等因子均通过了95％（90％）信度水平检验。     

Progresses and Perspectives of the Resource Evaluation Related to Agri-cultural Heritage Tourism

The scientific evaluation of tourism resources is not only an important prerequisite for the development of agri-cultural heritage tourism (AHT), but it can also promote the conservation and management of Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (IAHS). With the goal of providing scientific support for the sustainable management of tourism resources, this review systematically analyzes the overall situation, research regions, developmental timeline trends, key fields and hot topics of resource evaluation research related to AHT over 2005-2020. With a comprehensive perspective that incorporates both traditional literature review and quantitative literature review, the study revealed four important aspects of AHT research. (1) Relevant articles could be divided into two phases, a development-oriented period (2005-2012) and a conservation-oriented period (2013-2020). (2) GIAHS accounts for the absolute majority (about 66.7%) of relevant studies. In particular, Longji Terraces System, Hani terraces system and Dong’s Rice-Fish-Duck System were the research hotspots IAHS, and Yunnan, Zhejiang and Guangxi were the research hotspot provinces. (3) Terraced landscapes and tea culture were the most popular themes in tourism resource evaluation, while sports tourism, tea culture tourism and study tours are becoming the new trends in IAHS sites. (4) Research methods have undergone a shift from qualitative to quantitative approaches, and a combination of these two in an interdisciplinary manner is becoming a new research trend. By reviewing and prospecting the relevant literature, this study not only makes a unique contribution to the tourism resource evaluation of IAHS, but also helps to enrich the relevant evaluation theories and further promote the sustainable development of heritage tourism from theoretical and methodological perspectives.     

Evaluation and Promotion Model of Tourist Satisfaction in Ice and Snow Tourism Destinations

The successful bid for the Beijing Winter Olympics has brought historic opportunities for the development of ice and snow tourism in China. An index system for the evaluation of tourist satisfaction in ice and snow tourism destinations was constructed from the target layer-factor layer-index layer approach in this paper. Taking tourists with ice and snow tourism experience as the research object, and integrating a questionnaire survey and the Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) method, a total of 840 valid questionnaires were collected to assess the satisfaction of tourists in snow and ice tourism destinations, and the promotion model of tourist satisfaction in ice and snow tourism destinations was put forward. This process led to three main results. (1) Ice and snow tourists in China are characterized as young and better-educated, with college students aged 19 to 25 as the main consumer group. More than 70% of ice and snow tourists are pretty satisfied with the current development of ice and snow destinations in China, and are willing to participate again. (2) Other than “ice and snow souvenirs”, tourists’ perceptions of importance are all higher than the level of perceived satisfaction, and the importance values of the 13 indicators including “Scenic spot security” and “Diversity of ice and snow entertainment and sports” are especially high, showing that tourists have high expectations and demands of the destinations. However, the perceived satisfaction level of tourists for all indexes is generally low, mostly at the general satisfaction level, indicating that ice and snow tourism destinations have only partially met the demands of ice and snow tourists, and there is still much room for improvement. (3) After IPA analysis, five suggestions for improving the satisfaction of tourists in ice and snow tourism destinations were put forward, including diversification of the tourism business model, construction of tourism facilities, a market diversified cultivation model, a humanized mode of tourism service and a refined management model. The results of this study will help to enrich the theory of ice and snow tourist satisfaction and promote the high-quality development of China's ice and snow tourism in the post-Winter Olympics era.     

Review of Tourism Ecological Security from the Perspective of Ecological Civilization Construction

In the era of sustainable development, the ecological impact of the development of the tourism industry has attracted extensive attention from all walks of life. Generally considered, tourism ecological security (TES) is an important link to realize the high-quality development of tourism destinations and promote the construction of ecological civilization. Based on keyword discrimination of TES, tourism ecological risk and tourism ecological health, and from the perspective of ecological civilization construction, this paper uses the databases of Web of Science and CNKI as data sources to systematically comb and analyze TES research from the aspects of development process, research methods and research content, and puts forward the prospects for future research on this basis. This analysis found that research in the TES field presents four main characteristics. (1) The phased characteristic of “germination - exploration - development” is significant, and a relatively standard research framework of “evaluation - influencing factors - early warning - regulation” has been formed. (2) The empirical orientation of the research methods is distinct. (3) The development trend is characterized by small-scale dominance and a large-scale surge. (4) The disciplinary integration and practical combination have been continuously strengthened. Combined with the development trends and hot spots of TES, this paper proposes that the direction and goal of deepening TES research in the future should be carried out from the aspects of strengthening research on thresholds, early warning and regulation, improving the application of big data, constructing the synergistic effect mechanisms between tourism and ecology, and realizing the longitudinal deepening and interconnection of scale research.     

Relationships between Tourist Experiential Value and Ice-Snow Tourism Loyalty in Zhangjiakou City,and the Moderating Effects of Travel Companions

The successful bid for the 2022 Winter Olympics has provided a new opportunity for the popularization of ice-snow sports and making improvements in the efficiency of ice-snow tourism in China. Taking Zhangjiakou City in Hebei Province as the research object and using questionnaire analysis and the structural equation model (SEM), this paper examined several hypotheses of the relationship between tourist experiential value and tourist loyalty in the context of ice-snow tourism, and a mediation analysis was conducted to explore the moderating role of travel companions. The results show that: (1) The functional value, emotional value and social value have significant positive effects on tourist loyalty; (2) Tourist satisfaction is a partial mediator between functional value, emotional value, social value and tourist loyalty, and a full mediator between cognitive value and tourist loyalty; and (3) Travel companions play a significant moderating role in the influence of emotional value on tourist loyalty. Based on these findings, several suggestions are put forward for the high-quality development of ice-snow tourism in China, including developing ice-snow family tourism products, building an ice-snow brand with winter Olympics characteristics, constructing the ice-snow industrial system, and cultivating ice-snow culture.     

High-quality Development Paths of Ice-snow Tourism in China from the Perspective of the Winter Olympics

Preparations for the Beijing Winter Olympics have promoted the rapid development of ice-snow tourism in China, which contributes to achieving the goal of having “300 million people participate in ice-snow sports”. This paper analyzes the status quo and problems associated with the growth of ice-snow tourism in China based on the methods of documentation and field investigation. The results indicate that China’s efforts have born abundant fruits. Notwithstanding, there are still some problems due to the limited time and hastened process of ice-snow tourism development, including unreasonable exploitation, low-quality products and services, imperfect investment and financing system, inadequate management, a single marketing mode, and insufficient talent teams. Compared with developed countries in Europe and the United States, ice-snow tourism in China is in the stage of rapid development. To achieve the high-quality development of ice-snow tourism in China, this paper proposes actions from eight aspects which involve policy, products and services, marketing, safety management and control, talent teams, standardization construction, science and technology, and community participation. This study can provide references for the high-quality development of ice-snow tourism in China, as well as perfecting Chinese theoretical research on ice-snow tourism.     

北京西山鹫峰地区氢氧稳定同位素特征分析

以北京西山鹫峰低山区为研究对象,通过对降水、土壤水、泉水氢氧同位素的变化特征分析,研究低山区的降水-土壤水-泉水的转化关系。研究结果表明:该地区的雨季降水线与北京地区的地区降水线有明显区别,斜率和截距偏小;随降雨的进行氢氧同位素特征有时程变化和降雨量效应,而降雨的时程变化也对土壤水的同位素特征产生了影响;土壤水分同位素分布特征相对集中,蒸发线方程的斜率和截距相对于当地大气降水线和雨季降水线都偏小,栓皮栎混交林土壤水对于小雨量次降雨事件反应不敏感,而侧柏林的土壤水分运动较栓皮栎混交林快,说明林分类型和土壤特性对不同水体之间的转化有影响;泉水的同位素特征比较稳定,主要分布在地区降水线的右下方与雨季降水线的交点附近;不同水体中降雨的δD、δ18O变化范围较大,土壤水次之,泉水变化最小;而沿着大气降水-土壤水-地下水(泉水)这一水循环路径,水体中的δD、δ18O值总体上呈下降趋势。