Abiotic versus biotic controls on the development of the Fairmont Hot Springs carbonate deposit, British Columbia, Canada

The relict Fairmont Hot Springs deposit, formed largely of carbonates, covers an area of 0·5 km², and is up to 16 m thick. The triangle‐shaped discharge apron, which broadens down‐valley, is divided into a proximal part with beds dipping at <10° and a distal part with beds dipping at 10° to 15°. The deposit is formed of the: (1) Basal Macrophyte; (2) Lower Carbonate; (3) Middle Clastic; (4) Upper Carbonate; and (5) Upper Clastic Sequences. Two charcoal samples embedded in the Lower Carbonate Sequence yielded dates of 8690 ± 90 and 8270 ± 70 cal yr bp , indicating that much of the deposit formed post‐glacially during the Early to Mid‐Holocene. Deposit aggradation ceased in the Mid to Late Holocene when the Fairmont Creek valley was incised. The Lower and Upper Carbonate Sequences, which are the thickest sequences, are composed of nearly equal parts of travertine (abiotic) and tufa (biotic), with feather dendrite travertine, radiating dendrite travertine and stromatolite tufa dominating. Competition between calcite precipitation rates and biotic growth rates controlled the distribution of tufa and travertine across the discharge apron. Calcite and biotic growth rates were controlled largely by flow velocity across the apron which, in turn, was controlled by topography and regular fluctuations in spring water discharge volume. During times of high spring discharge, slow sheet flow over the proximal part of the apron promoted stromatolite growth, whereas fast, turbulent flow on the distal part of the apron induced rapid feather dendrite formation. During times of low spring discharge, quiescent, shallow evaporative pools, conducive to radiating dendrite formation, formed on the proximal part of the apron, whereas slow flow on the distal part promoted stromatolite growth. Facies with high calcite supersaturation experienced rapid abiotic dendrite growth that precluded most biotic growth.     

Improved understanding of dynamic water and mass budgets of high-alpine karst systems obtained from studying a well-defined catchment area

Large areas of Europe, especially in the Alps, are covered by carbonate rocks and in many alpine regions, karst springs are important sources for drinking water supply. Because of their high variability and heterogeneity, the understanding of the hydrogeological functioning of karst aquifers is of particular importance for their protection and utilisation. Climate change and heavy rainfall events are major challenges in managing alpine karst aquifers which possess an enormous potential for future drinking water supply. In this study, we present research from a high-alpine karst system in the UNESCO Biosphere Reserve Großes Walsertal in Austria, which has a clearly defined catchment and is drained by only one spring system. Results show that (a) the investigated system is a highly dynamic karst aquifer with distinct reactions to rainfall events in discharge and electrical conductivity; (b) the estimated transient atmospheric CO₂ sink is about 270 t/a; (c) the calculated carbonate rock denudation rate is between 23 and 47 mm/1000a and (d) the rainfall-discharge behaviour and the internal flow dynamics can be successfully simulated using the modelling package KarstMod. The modelling results indicate the relevance of matrix storage in determining the discharge behaviour of the spring, particularly during low-flow periods. This research and the consequent results can contribute and initiate a better understanding and management of alpine karst aquifers considering climate change with more heavy rainfall events and also longer dry periods.     

固定铝log(Q/K)图解在温泉中的应用

为探讨常规和固定铝log(Q/K)图解法对温泉系统是否有效 ,采用WATCH程序 ,对江西 3个温度较高的温泉 ,即庐山温泉、汤湖温泉和横泾温泉 ,进行了探测性的研究 .采用常规log(Q/K)图解法计算时 ,由于参加计算的 4个水样的铝含量均未检出 ,计算结果显示只有不含铝的矿物玉髓和方解石相交于温度 1 0 0℃附近 ,热储总体上没有达到平衡 .在采用了固定铝log(Q/K)图解法并同时考虑冷水的稀释作用计算后 ,中低温地热系统中常见的蚀变矿物如浊沸石、纤蛇纹石、萤石和玉髓均显示了较好的收敛性 ,收敛的温度大致在 1 0 0～ 1 4 0℃ .并且上述矿物组合可见于某些温泉的深部钻孔中 ,计算结果与实际地质情况相吻合 .结果表明固定铝log(Q/K)图解法可以恢复温泉系统的热平衡状态     

河西走廊春末夏初降水的空间异常分布及年代际变化

利用河西走廊19个气象代表站建站至2002年5～6月降水量资料, 分析了河西走廊春末夏初干旱的基本气候特征; 在利用EOF和REOF方法进行降水空间异常变化分析和气候分区的基础上,讨论了第一时间系数(PC1)及各区代表站降水量的年代际变化规律. 结果表明, 河西走廊春末夏初降水量在第一空间尺度上为全区一致; 在第二空间尺度上可分为3个气候区; 在第三空间尺度上可分为5个自然气候区. 1980年代为近50 a来降水最多的10 a, 1990年代有所减少, 20世纪末至21世纪初有明显增加. 前期冬季欧亚径向环流加强, 亚洲区极涡面积扩大、强度加强, 冷空气活动频繁, 将有利于次年春末夏初河西走廊降水偏多. 欧洲青藏高原华北西太平洋的波列, 特别是东亚大槽的填塞和青藏高原低值系统频繁活动, 造成了500 hPa高空场上"东高西低"的典型多雨流型.     

混合热源与热泵联动空调技术及其在天津"975"工程中的应用

混合热源与热泵联动空调技术以天然、廉价和低品位的资源为主,以高品位资源为尖峰负荷的系统能源配置设计新方法,实现以单投入多功能的新型能源利用方式替代多投入单功能传统的能源利用方式,使建筑物的空调系统具有经济、节能与环保等特点.该项技术能较好地应用于能源获取难度大、单一冷热源不能满足要求的工程.在天津"975"工程供暖及制冷系统中的应用结果表明:混合热源与热泵联动空调技术成功地解决了系统的冷热源、热(冷)负荷需求大等难题,具有明显的环境与经济效益.     

基于城市竞争力提高的旅游业发展研究--以苏州市为例

中国城市的旅游黄金时代即将到来。城市决策者应当意识到,旅游业的发展并不只是旅游专业部门的事情,旅游业作为一种经济“催化剂”,将成为城市产业发展乃至增强城市竞争力的一个制高点。文章把旅游业发展和城市整体联系起来,以苏州市为例,指出苏州应充分利用其优越的旅游资源,延伸旅游产业的外在价值。最后,从提高城市竞争力的角度,对苏州旅游业的发展提出了战略构想。     

经济欠发达地区县域旅游规划的若干思考--以安徽庐江县为例

文章论述了各种尺度的旅游规划在全国掀起新一轮高潮的情况下,许多经济欠发达地区争相把旅游业作为区域经济的增长极,试图以此改善自身经济状况。然而,在经济欠发达县域旅游规划中的一些特有问题很值得关注,如:小范围的行政界线对旅游规划的制约作用、客源市场分析方法的独特性以及薄弱的经济基础与旅游开发资金投入之间的矛盾等问题。文章以安徽庐江县为例对上述问题进行了分析,并提出了相应对策。     

李官海滩旅游规划的客源市场分析与容量测算

文章在通过对辽宁省大连市李官海滩的客源市场进行实地调查的基础上,结合引力模型,还考虑到影响李官海滩旅游市场开发的的因素,运用比例缩小法和类比法分析李官海滩旅游规划的客源市场结构,并根据李官现有的旅游环境和设施接待能力,综合分析李官海滩旅游开发的客源容量。对比分析李官客源地的居民生活水平,以距离衰减规律为依据,预测出客源市场规模,并将客源市场进行分级分类。     

南京市八卦洲旅游发展条件分析

通过对各种内部和外部因素的系统分析,文章认为八卦洲具有发展旅游的多方面内在优势,也存在一些不利因素,但更存在良好的发展机遇、建议：八卦洲的旅游开发应以建设生态旅游度假区为总体目标,进一步凸现“绿”、“水”、“野’’三大特点,努力营造人与自然和谐相处的生态旅游岛形象,重点开发休闲度假、观光旅览、康体娱乐、美食保健、野营修学、文化旅游等六大系列旅游产品。     

新疆天山苏鲁果勒的峡谷瀑布及其开发构思

天山苏鲁果勒的峡谷瀑布是新疆新发现的一处有较高开发价值的旅游资源。构成峡谷的地质体属一套刚硬的变质岩系,峡谷的形成时代比较晚,可能在第四纪晚期。峡谷和瀑布以其谷狭岩刚、比高大、相交汇,瀑布呈梯级群组为特色,具有很高的观赏游憩价值;峡谷和瀑布的完美组合巧夺天工,其险峻、幽深为国内所罕见,尚无可比之例,珍稀度高;资源体量大,适合游览期5～6个月,游览期相对较长。景区开发应突出自然风光,以表现峡谷和瀑布为主,草原为辅,景区内只修步道和观景台,步道分岩道和木栈道。该旅游区可以建成年接待量约10万人的2A级景区。以库尔勒市为依托城市,以库尔勒市和乌鲁木齐大都市圈为基本客源市场,以来疆游客为次级客源市场,成为新疆一个集度假、休闲、科考、探险为一身的新兴旅游地。