控制岩体活动的地质因素分析

本文对控制岩体活动的地质因素—岩性、岩体结构、结构面、地应力和水文地质条件等进行了分析。岩性、岩体结构是产生岩体活动的内因。本文将岩体结构划分为六种类型,即整体结构、块状结构、层状结构、碎裂结构、镶嵌结构和散体结构。并对控制岩体稳定性的结构面进行了研究和分类,指出不同结构面对岩体活动的具体影响。通过各种控制岩体活动的地质因素分析,掌握岩体活动规律,对予防灾害性岩体活动,防患于未然有实际意义。     

鲜水河断裂带古构造残余应力场对大地震的控制

以岩体正交异性弹性理论为基础,用X射线法,在鲜水河断裂带测区沿7条测线,测量了岩体三维残余应力,绘成区域残余应力等值线图、主应力线图及其应变能密度等值线图,探讨了其对带内大地震的控制作用     

电感应力灵敏度在实测中的研究

应力场的观测是预报地震较直接的途径之一,本实验利用异孔深井抽水的加(减)载作应力观测的人工力源,在大量实测数据基础上进行力学分析,得出电感应力观测在满足规范要求时能测到地应力场的变化,但室内标定的应力灵敏度不等于实测灵敏度。用室内灵敏度计算应力值必有明显误差。本结果对电惑应力观测科学具有重要的实际意义。     

邢台震后应力状态余震及频度的关系

通过对邢台及邻区永年台应力的计算和对余震、余震频度关系的分析,表明邢台强烈地震发生后,震中区应力稍小于外区应力;应力的变化和余震频度、强余震关系较明显.     

山西地区的地壳应力场

根据近20年山西地区的震源机制结果,得出了山西地壳应力场存在着有别于华北应力场的局部小区域应力场,这种小区域应力场在中部断陷盆地都是以北西—北北西向的水平拉张作用为主,而在东、西两侧隆起区则是以水平挤压作用为主的结论.但如果把上述断层面解中的所有P轴、T轴再分别投影到吴尔夫网上,得到是一个一致性很好的断层面解,由此推断山西地区的平均应力场的主要特征与华北应力场的基本特征完全相同,而山西局部小区域应力场的特征随之消失.     

岩石粘滑的自锁模型及数值模拟

本文根据岩石摩擦的自锁模型,通过数值模拟讨论了围压和围压介质刚度对粘滑及其应力降的影响。结果表明:围压的增大有利于发生粘滑;粘滑应力降随围压的增大而增大;天然地震应力降低于室内粘滑应力降是由围压介质刚度引起的。     

On the propagation of an in-plane shear fault with super-S-wave velocity

The speedv, especially the problem whether super S-wave velocity in the classical model (linear elasticity fracture mechanics) exists, of spontaneous propagation of a shear fault is investigated theoretically. An in-plane shear crack propagating in the crack plane is taken as the model of the shear fault. The results obtained firstly by Kostrov (1975) is extended from sub-Rayleigh wave velocity to super S-wave velocity, and the analytical expression for the stress intensity factorK ₂ in the case ofα>v>β is derived. It is proved that for Poisson mediumK ₂ is positive and real in the velocity range (β, 1.70β). This demonstrates that (β, 1.70β) is the velocity range which fulfils the conditions for spontaneous crack propagation. The existence, convergence and positiveness or negativeness ofK ₂ forv in individual sections are examined, and it is found that for an in-plane shear crack: 1. There are three sections forv, i.e., [0.v _R], (β, 1.70β), andα, respectively, and 2. There are two physically reasonable sections forv, the first is [v _R, β], and the second is [1.70β, α]. These two forbidden sections behave as barriers to fault propagation. The analytical expressions derived in this paper are not only suitable to classical model, but also to the other derivative models (e. g., the slip-weakening model and the renomalization model etc.). The model considered in this paper is more realistic than the static model employed by previous authors. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica, 15, 9–14, 1993.     

SSQ-1 Digital Tape Recording Horizontal Pendulum Tiltmeter

The SSQ-1 Digital Tape Recording Horizontal Pendulum Tiltmeter is an instrument of high sensitivity to detect the changes of ground tilt. It uses a quartz horizontal pendulum held by Z?llner bifilar suspension to sense vertical displacement, the eddy-current transducer on the pendulum converts its displacements into electric signals. Then a microcomputer is used for data acquisition and printing as well as digit tape recording. And at the same time, a filtering pen recorder is used for visible recording. The scale value of the instrument is calibrated by computer using the known tilt angle of the bulging plate — mercury cup. The scale value is 0.3–0.5 m(″)/mV. The following are the testing results for the earth tide observation obtained from the east-west component at Baijiatan Seismic Station, Beijing: r(O₁): 0.6490±0.0179 α(O₁): −3.83°±1.58° r(K₁): 0.8049±0.0128 α(K₁): 1.40°±0.90° r(M₂): 0.6699±0.0040 α(M₂): −0.27°±0.34° r(S₂): 0.7316±0.0075 α(S₂): 2.83°±0.58° r(M₃): 0.8497±0.0964 α(M₃): 1.61°±6.51° The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,15, 353–359, 1993. In this work also participated Mr. Huai-Wen PAN and Wei-Jin ZHANG. And we here give special thanks to Yun-Zao XI, Qin-Wen XI, Bo-Xong TANG, Yi-Hui CHEN and An-Xu WU for their kind help in the development and test of the instrument. This paper is translated by Mr. Zhong ZHENG.     

Reflection and transmission ofSH waves in an initially stressed medium consisting of a sandy layer lying over a fluid-saturated porous solid

Biot's theory is employed to study the reflection and transmission ofSH waves in a sandy layer lying over a fluid-saturated porous solid half-space. The entire medium is considered under constant initial stress. Effects of sandiness, initial stress, anelasticity and viscosity of the interstitial fluid on the partitioning of energy are studied. In the presence of initial stress the incident wave starts attenuating when incider beyond a certain angle (depending upon the amount of initial stress), even if the medium is perfectly clastic. Anelasticity of the solid layer results in the dissipation of energy during transmission. The direction of attenuation vector of incident wave affects the dissipation energy to a large extent. Effect on partitioning of energy reverse at incidence after the critical angle. A complete account of energy returmed back to the underlying half-space and that which is dissipated in the overlying layer has been discussed analytically as well as numerically.     

缝长,尺度对水压致裂应力测量结果的影响规律

本文从弹性力学、断裂力学的基本理论出发,结合室内实验和野外观测结果研究了尺度、缝长对水压致裂应力测量结果的影响规律。研究结果表明,室内实验样品的孔径比不应大于四分之一,最好小于十分之一,较大的绝对尺度可以使实验结果变得稳定。野外实际测量除了满足上述要求外,裂缝单翼长度不应小于十倍的钻孔半径,否则测不到可靠的封闭压力。据此,进行大尺度水压致裂室内模拟实验对于提高压裂技术,完善水压致裂应力测量理论是非常必要的。