Progresses and Perspectives of the Resource Evaluation Related to Agri-cultural Heritage Tourism

The scientific evaluation of tourism resources is not only an important prerequisite for the development of agri-cultural heritage tourism (AHT), but it can also promote the conservation and management of Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (IAHS). With the goal of providing scientific support for the sustainable management of tourism resources, this review systematically analyzes the overall situation, research regions, developmental timeline trends, key fields and hot topics of resource evaluation research related to AHT over 2005-2020. With a comprehensive perspective that incorporates both traditional literature review and quantitative literature review, the study revealed four important aspects of AHT research. (1) Relevant articles could be divided into two phases, a development-oriented period (2005-2012) and a conservation-oriented period (2013-2020). (2) GIAHS accounts for the absolute majority (about 66.7%) of relevant studies. In particular, Longji Terraces System, Hani terraces system and Dong’s Rice-Fish-Duck System were the research hotspots IAHS, and Yunnan, Zhejiang and Guangxi were the research hotspot provinces. (3) Terraced landscapes and tea culture were the most popular themes in tourism resource evaluation, while sports tourism, tea culture tourism and study tours are becoming the new trends in IAHS sites. (4) Research methods have undergone a shift from qualitative to quantitative approaches, and a combination of these two in an interdisciplinary manner is becoming a new research trend. By reviewing and prospecting the relevant literature, this study not only makes a unique contribution to the tourism resource evaluation of IAHS, but also helps to enrich the relevant evaluation theories and further promote the sustainable development of heritage tourism from theoretical and methodological perspectives.     

Evidence for repeated re‐activation of old landslides under forest

Local reactivations of landslides in forests are rarely reported in landslide catalogues. The occurrence of hillslope sections with fresh morphological landslide features in forested old, deep‐seated landslides, however, suggests that landslide reactivations are not restricted to residential areas. In this study, a dendrogeomorphological analysis of beech stands was used to investigate the periods of reactivation of a deep‐seated rotational slide in the Koppenberg forest (Flemish Ardennes, Belgium). The relation to rainfall and the correspondence to landslide reactivations reported in a nearby built‐up area were also analysed. A dendrometrical study preceding the dendrochronological analysis proved that, compared with the nearby reference site, trees on the Koppenberg forest landslide site were significantly more inclined and showed more knees, indicating that the landslide site has not stabilized yet. As the sampled trees are younger than the landslide, dendrochronology did not allow determination of the year in which the landslide was initiated, but analysis of two different tree ring width parameters (i.e. ring eccentricity and growth change) calculated for trees sampled on the Koppenberg landslide and the reference site proved to be of great help in determining the temporal sequence of landslide reactivation. During the past 80 years, several periods indicative of local reactivations (i.e. 1943–1945, 1949–1952, 1967–1970, 1972–1977, 1979–1981, 1988–1997) were found within the investigated landslide, but delineation of the spatial extent of the reactivations during these indicative periods was not straightforward. These periods generally correspond to years with above‐average rainfall. Finally, the fact that at least 34% of the years indicative of reactivation of the Koppenberg forest landslide correspond to a year in which a landslide reactivation was reported in the Flemish Ardennes suggests that in built‐up areas, apart from anthropogenic interventions, natural triggering factors remain very important. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

1208-1369年陕甘宁交界地区干湿变化

More than 240 items of historical records containing climatic information were retrieved from official historical books, local chronicles, annals and regional meteorological disaster yearbooks. By using moisture index and flood/drought (F/D) index obtained from the above information, the historical climate change, namely wet-dry conditions in borderland of Shaanxi Province, Gansu Province and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (BSGN, mainly included Ningxialu, Hezhoulu, Gongchanglu, Fengyuanlu and Yan’anlu in the Yuan Dynasty) was studied. The results showed that the climate of the region was generally dry and the ratio between drought and flood disasters was 85/38 during the period of 1208–1369. According to the frequencies of drought-flood disasters, the whole period could be divided into three phases. (1) 1208–1240: drought dominated the phase with occasional flood disasters. (2) 1240–1320: long-time drought disasters and extreme drought events happened frequently. (3) 1320–1369: drought disasters were less severe when flood and drought disasters happened alternately. Besides, the reconstructed wet-dry change curve revealed obvious transition and periodicity in the Mongol-Yuan Period. The transitions occurred in 1230 and 1325. The wet-dry change revealed 10- and 23-year quasi-periods which were consistent with solar cycles, indicating that solar activity had affected the wet-dry conditions of the study region in the Mongol-Yuan Period. The reconstructed results were consistent with two other study results reconstructed from natural evidences, and were similar to another study results from historical documents. All the above results showed that the climate in BSGN was characterized by long-time dry condition with frequent severe drought disasters during 1258 to 1308. Thus, these aspects of climatic changes might have profound impacts on local vegetation and socio-economic system.     

世界遗产空间分布的统计分析

通过计算比例和密度,分析各大洲及全球世界遗产的分布特征。除欧洲和美洲外,各洲世界遗产的数量与面积呈正相关,欧洲、亚洲、非洲、美洲到大洋洲,总的遗产密度依次递减。与人口占全球人口比例相比,欧洲、大洋洲各类遗产较多,亚洲较少,美洲和非洲自然遗产较多。每千万人口总的世界遗产数量从大洋洲、欧洲、美洲、非洲到亚洲依次递减,欧洲、亚洲文化遗产最多,美洲、非洲文化与自然遗产相近,大洋洲自然遗产占优势。统计各纬度带遗产密度,除自然遗产密度低纬最高外,其他遗产密度中纬最高,低纬和高纬次之;各纬度带文化遗产最多,自然遗产居中,双重遗产最少。比较同一大洲同一纬线不同国家的遗产比例,沿海地区自然遗产密度高于内陆,文化遗产密度低于内陆。这些特征与近年世界遗产委员会评选世界遗产侧重某些类型和所在区域的原因相符。     

乡村景观遗产地保护性旅游开发模式研究——以浙江龙门古镇为例

近年来,伴随旅游市场生态、文化诉求的日益增强,世界范围内乡村景观遗产旅游备受青睐。中国广袤的地理环境空间中拥有丰富多彩的乡村景观遗产资源,正在成为推动现阶段特色化乡村旅游业发展的重要力量。然而,快速发展的旅游产业也引发了遗产地过度商业化、超负荷接待等问题,威胁到遗产保护和可持续利用。以浙江龙门古镇为例,在借鉴传统开发模式相关经验的基础上,构建了一种保护性旅游开发模式,以实现保护前提下乡村景观遗产资源的合理开发和有效利用。     

历史将永远铭记他们——记在叠溪大地震的考察、研究和救灾工作中作出贡献的几位前辈

考证并记叙了在1933年叠溪地震的考察、研究和救灾工作中作出过重要贡献的若干前辈的事迹,包括常隆庆、李善邦、周郁如、徐近之、庄学本、张雪岩等先生和四川大学的师生们。他们是中国地震科学和防震减灾事业的先行者,永远值得我们怀念。     

地震活动图像分析预测汶川8．0级地震的回顾与思考

本文回顾了2008年5月12日四川省汶川8．0级特大地震前中长期及年度趋势预测过程。作者根据地震活动图像特征作出了较好预测,明确指出四川石棉-冕宁和汶川-松潘一带,2008年前后,可能发生7级以上地震。但带短期预测特点的2008年度大震危险性,作者没有作出确切的预测。本文思考了相关的经验教训并对改进分析预报工作提出了构想。     

Magnitude-Intensity Relationships in the Ibero-Magrebhian Region

In this paper we present magnitude (Ms) – magnitude(mb) and magnitude-intensity relationships which areconsidered the most adequate in the Ibero-Maghrebianregion. This work is based on selected samples ofrecently revised events with magnitude mb assigned bythe Instituto Geográfico Nacional (I.G.N.) and Msassigned by I.S.C and N.E.I.C., and isoseismal mapsfrom 142 events. Using these data, we have obtainedone magnitude (Ms) – magnitude (mb) relationship, twomagnitude (mb and Ms) assignment relationships viaepicentral intensity (I₀), and ten magnitude (mb andMs) assignments relationships via macroseismicinformation: four using Ambraseys' methodology (1985)and six using the isoseismal area of degree III, IV and VI.According to the obtained results it could be concluded that historical magnitude assignment with lesser uncertainties are those obtained via macroseismic information using magnitude-intensity relationships with Ambraseys' methodology (1985). The magnitude-isoseismal area assignment relationships have, in most cases, great differences depending on the degree of the isoseismal area used. Magnitude assignments via epicentral intensity have the highest uncertainties. Geographic regionalization of the relationshipshas been studied but the highest correlations and statistical significance are obtained when we fit all the Ibero-Maghrebian region data.Finally we have used the results obtained in this workto assign magnitude to some important historicalearthquakes in the Ibero-Maghrebian region: the 1755Lisbon earthquake, the 1680 Málaga earthquake, the1829 Torrevieja earthquake and the 1884 Arenas del Reyearthquake. According to our relationships andmethodology we have assigned an Ms value of 9.3 ±0.6 to the 1755 Lisbon earthquake (its mb magnitudecannot be estimated due to the saturation of the mbscale), an mb value of 6.3 ±0.4 and an Ms valueof 6.9 ± 0.6 to the 1829 Torrevieja earthquake, anmb value of 6.2 ± 0.4 and an Ms value of 6.4 ±0.6 to the 1680 Málaga earthquake and an mb valueof 6.1 ± 0.4 and an Ms value of 6.5 ± 0.6 tothe 1884 Arenas del Rey earthquake.     

长沙市橘子洲风景区旅游开发研究

在充分调查研究的基础上,分析了长沙市橘子洲的开发利用现状、广大民众的所思所想,全面阐述了橘子洲旅游开发的必要性和可行性,指出了在旅游开发中存在的问题,提出了可行性开发的建议,旨在为加快开发橘子洲的进程提供科学依据,也为橘子洲的开发提出自己的思路和见解.