江西省交通区位演变与区域发展效应

选择江西省作为典型研究区域,采用历史分析与空间分析方法,基于长时间序列研究不同交通运输阶段交通区位的动态演变过程,并对其所引致的区域发展特征进行分析.结论是:在传统交通运输阶段向近代化及现代化交通运输阶段转变过程中,江西省宏观交通区位分别表现为国家南北交通控扼中枢,铁路建设的滞后区与周边发达地区间的交通过境区,可达性演变特征则由南北方向可达性的优势区逐步演化为滞后区.不同时期相对应的区域发展特征表现为,从传统运输阶段的区域商贸全面繁荣,走向近代工业化进程滞后及当前经济发展边缘化.在总结典型案例基础上,尝试从成因层,演变层,作用层,效应层和反馈层五个层面探讨交通区位与区域发展的内在作用关系.     

Geographic Information Technologies and the History of a Shoreline: The Case of Chapter 91 in New Bedford,Massachusetts

Abstract

This article discusses the use of geographic information technologies to assist researchers in the exploration of historical databases. The case study is a pilot project in which we used geographic information systems (GIS) and global positioning systems (GPS) to study the history of the Public Waterfront Act (the “Chapter 91” program), a policy designed to balance private property rights, public interest, and environmental protection in the Massachusetts tidelands. The issues discussed range from the role of GIS in society and its limitations as a representational tool to the ability of current GIS to deal with historical data and to manage temporal attributes.

     

广州漱珠涌历史文化景观与旅游开发

位于广州海珠区西北部的漱珠涌在上世纪六七十年代已被覆盖改造成为地下排污渠,从此它作为一条河涌连同名字在广州地图上消失了。百年前,这条涌曾经十分繁华,时人称其不让秦淮。这一带是清代广州"河南"地区商业开发最早的区域,又是清代中国最早对外开放的旅游区之一,曾经蜚声海外。当年许多中外画家、摄影师、诗人和志书编撰者为后人留下了许多有关漱珠涌的文字与形象资料,使我们今天仍能窥得漱珠涌昔日的辉煌。为了让人们留住广州城市发展的这一份历史记忆,文中提出建设一个集休闲、娱乐、美食、购物、旅游于一体的漱珠涌历史文化旅游区,重现漱珠涌的历史文化风貌。这将是一个很大的系统工程。其中,如何治理漱珠涌污染,发挥漱珠涌在水利、生态、美学、休闲游憩等方面的综合功能,是一个困难而又必须解决的关键问题。     

Historical aspects of soil erosion in the Mejerda catchment,Tunisia

Abstract

Agricultural use and related water erosion may lead to significant changes in the sedimentological and hydrological characteristics of watersheds, and therefore negative consequences for rural development. This research aimed to put present-day soil erosion of the important Mejerda catchment into a historical context. The catchment of Wadi Mejerda in northern Tunisia has experienced soil erosion due to weather and human impacts for thousands of years. We used historical texts and results from archaeological research that go back to 1000 BC, as well as data collected during the last century. Soil erosion from different types of agricultural landscape management was analysed together with information on the soils' production potential, the hydrographic network and flood frequency. The results showed that water erosion has increased the hydrographic network by 65 km and increased the deltaic plain by as much as 15 km²/century. However, soil productivity has decreased significantly. Moreover, due to in channel sedimentation and river choking, the number of flooding occurrences has multiplied over the last century. Finally, it is shown that water erosion follows a specific cycle of degradation throughout the watershed. These findings should be considered for better water and soil management in the context of semi-arid areas.

Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz

Citation Jebari, S., Berndtsson, R., Lebdi, F., and Bahri, A., 2012. Historical aspects of soil erosion in the Mejerda catchment. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 57 (5), 901–912.     

居民感知视角的农业遗产地旅游社会文化影响研究——以桂林龙脊平安寨为例（英文）

对大多数社区型农业文化遗产地的旅游发展前景而言,居民对旅游发展的态度是至关重要的。论文以稻作梯田农业文化遗产地——广西龙脊平安寨为个案,采用田野调查和统计分析方法,通过测算案例地居民对社会文化变化的态度值,探讨了该类型旅游地居民的旅游开发社会文化变化的感知及其对旅游发展的影响。结果表明:(1)旅游开发将使农业遗产地的社会文化发生较大变化,且总体上呈正向发展;(2)不同特征居民对社会文化的态度存在差异,但总体上对变化持积极态度;(3)家庭收入、旅游移民、社会治安、建筑服饰等文化因素的变化将直接影响居民对该地未来旅游发展的态度;(4)只要能正确引导、调控和疏导其变化方向,旅游地社会文化变化的负面影响可以减少乃至消除,并促进旅游地更好的发展。论文还对旅游开发中的社会文化影响调控提出了相应的对策建议。     

Reassessment of flood frequency using historical information for the River Ouse at York,UK (1200–2000)

Abstract

The reassessment of flood risk at York, UK, is pertinent in light of major flooding in November 2000, and heightened concerns of a perceived increase in flooding nationally. Systematic flood level readings from 1877 and a wealth of documentary records dating back as far as 1263 AD give the City of York a long and rich history of flood records. This extended flood record provides an opportunity to reassess estimates of flood frequency over a time scale not normally possible within flood frequency analysis. This paper re-evaluates flood frequency at York, considering the strengths and weaknesses in estimates resulting from four contrasting methods of analysis and their corresponding data: (a) single-site analysis of gauged annual maxima; (b) pooled analysis of multi-site gauged annual maxima; (c) combined analysis of systematic annual maxima augmented with historical peaks, and (d) analysis of only the very largest peaks using a Generalized Pareto Distribution. Use of the historical information was found to yield risk estimates which were lower and considered to be more credible than those achieved using gauged records alone.

Citation Macdonald, N. & Black, A. R. (2010) Reassessment of flood frequency using historical information for the River Ouse at York, UK (1200–2000). Hydrol. Sci. J. 55(7), 1152–1162.     

Development and utilization of a national web-based chronology of hydrological events/Développement et utilisation sur internet d’une chronologie nationale d’événements hydrologiques

Abstract

Abstract The Chronology of British Hydrological Events (CBHE) has been created as an on-line information resource (http://www.dundee.ac.uk/geography/cbhe/) in order to enhance access to and use of historical facts pertaining to British hydrological phenomena. Its scope covers floods, droughts and all other notable historical phenomena of hydrological interest. This paper sets out the technical means by which the CBHE has been created, explains the benefits to hydrologists in creating such a facility, and illustrates its utility with a number of examples. Benefits include hydrological risk assessments, historical studies of individual events and objectives in environmental education. The scope for establishing comparable national chronologies for other countries is identified, along with prospects for enhancing the utility of such systems with additional functionality such as links to on-line gazetteers and maps.     

宁夏6级以上历史地震参数复核与校订

通过查阅宁夏6级以上地震的历史记载和各版地震目录,对历史资料进行了收集和整理,并对固原6级以上的历史地震进行实地考证。最后通过研究分析对部分历史地震参数作出复核和校订。     

地质遗迹资源保护与开发的社区参与模式——以华蓥山大峡谷地质公园为例

以华蓥山大峡谷地质公园为例,应用问卷调查和登门访谈的方法,对地质公园内居民的社区参与现状和意愿进行调查,分析他们对地质遗迹资源保护与开发的认知态度,明确他们在资源开发中的利益诉求。调查表明,在资源保护和开发中社区参与存在的主要问题是,居民参与度低,参与机会有限,有强烈的参与决策、规划、商业经营的愿望,并希望在参与中分享资源开发的利益,参与过程得到政府、企业的保障。本文在现有的经营体制下,从资源保护(含环境保护)、规划决策、商业经营、利益分配、社会参与保障等五个方面,构建了居民在地质遗迹资源保护和利用中的社区参与模型体系,为我国地质遗迹资源保护和开发中的社区参与问题研究和实践提供了参考。