某通讯基站对炸药库雷击风险的影响分析

以移动通讯基站为例,从基站“引雷”作用的角度,通过理论和计算分析,认为基站能使周边环境雷击频率和雷电强度增加,但基站周边建筑物自身受直击雷危害的影响远大于受基站雷击感应的影响,所以基站周边建筑物自身要有完善的防雷装置才能保证其安全。     

Re-Os同位素体系在金属矿床中的应用

Re-Os同位素体系已成为金属矿床定年和示踪的重要手段之一。文章在简述Re-Os同位素体系基本原理基础上,综述了国内外的最新研究成果,认为Re-Os同位素测试对象不再局限于辉钼矿和铜镍硫化物矿石,黄铁矿、毒砂、磁黄铁矿、镍黄铁矿、闪锌矿等也常作为测试对象用于金矿床、铅锌矿床、沉积喷流型钴(金)等矿床的定年。地壳岩石与原始地幔相比,具有较高的187 Os/188 Os比值、γOs值以及Re/Os比值,因此,硫化物或矿石的Re-Os同位素组成和普通Os—Re/Os比值图解可以揭示斑岩矿床、金矿、铅锌矿以及铜镍硫化物矿的成矿物质来源。辉钼矿则可以通过Re含量来示踪成矿物质来源。Re-Os同位素也可与其他同位素结合(如187 Os/188 Os-87Sr/86Sr)共同判明不同端元组分对成矿的贡献。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Books reviewed in this article: USA, Eine Geographische Landeskunde , Vol. I, Der Grossraum in Strukturellem, Wandel, 3rd Ed. Helmut Blume . Introduction to Remote Sensing . James B. Campbell . The Sounds of People and Places: Readings in the Geography of American Folk and Popular Music . George O. Carney , ED. Development and Underdevelopment . John Cole . Mobility and Employment in Urban Southeast Asia: Example from Indonesia and the Philippines . Michael A. Costello , Thomas R. Leinbach , AND Richard Ulack . Soviet Asia: Economic Development and National Policy Choices . Leslie Dienes . The Third World City . David Drakakis -Smith . Scholars' Guide to Washington, DC for Cartography and Remote Sensing Imagery (maps, charts, aerial photographs, satellite images, cartographic literature and geographic information systems). Ralph E. Ehrenberg . Population and Development in the Third World . Allan AND Anne Findlay . The Early Mapping of Hawaii . Gary L. Fitzpatrick . Energetics of Physical Environment: Energetic Approaches to Physical Geography . K. J. Gregory , ED. Wildland Recreation: Ecology and Management . William E. Hammitt and David N. Cole . Agricultural Commercialization and Government Policy in Africa . J. Hinderink AND J. J. Sterkenburg . The Dynamics of American Housing . James W. Hughes AND George Sternlieb . Thailand: Buddhist Kingdom as Modern Nation State . Charles F. Keyes . Resolving Locational Conflict . Robert W. Lake , ED. Lands at Risk in the Third World: Local-level Perspectives . Peter D. Little and Michael M. Horowitz , EDS. Nathaniel Southgate Shaler and the Culture of American Science . David N. Livingstone . Regions: The Economics and Politics of Territory . Ann R. Markusen . Wetlands . William J. Mitsch and James G. Gosselink . Historical Geography: Progress and Prospect . Michael Pacione , ED. Loess and Periglacial Phenomena . Marton P$eacsi and Hugh M. French , EDS. Regional Management of Metropolitan Floodplains, Experience in the United States and Abroad . Rutherford H. Platt , ED. Human Cartography: Mapping the World of Man . Janos Szegö . Atlas of Great Lakes Indian History . Helen H. Tanner , ED. The Botany of Mangroves . P. B. Tomlinson . Urban Spatial Traffic Patterns . Rodney Vaughan . The Night After … Climatic and Biological Consequences of a Nuclear War . Yevgeni Velikhov , ED. Industrial Geography . H. D. Watts . Dictionary of Quotations in Geography . James O. Wheeler and Francis M. Sibley . Vermont Townscape . Norman Wiliams , Jr. , Edmund K. Kellogg and Peter M. Lavigne .     

基于多松弛格子玻尔兹曼的弯道水流三维数值模拟

为研究弯道水流现象并且拓展格子玻尔兹曼(Lattice Boltzmann Method,LBM)在水利工程领域的应用,建立了弯道水流的三维多松弛LBM演进模型,其中包括水流自由表面模拟、弯曲固壁边界处理以及紊流模型耦合求解等关键技术。应用该模型模拟研究了不同流量下U型弯道的水流状态,得到了水位、最大水深平均流速以及紊动能等参数的分布规律。分析和实践表明,该模型能较好地模拟三维弯道水流现象。     

反射波走时高阶多项式拟合在三维地震透射中的应用

利用高阶多项式拟合的方法取代传统的T2-X2法进行反射波走时曲线拟合得到分层地壳中的走时残差,对其应用基于广义反演理论的速度层析成像技术,重建研究区台阵下方的上地壳三维速度结构图像.数值模拟和长白山天池火山三维地震透射速度层析成像都显示了该方法的有效性.     

中天山及邻区S波分裂研究及其动力学意义

本文利用天山及其邻区布设的37个宽频带地震台站记录到的远震波形数据,分别采用最小能量法和旋转相关法对SKS和SKKS波震相进行了偏振分析,计算出了台站下方介质的S波分裂参数：快波的偏振方向（φ）和慢波延迟时间（δt）.本文研究结果表明：中天山内部大多数台站的各向异性快波方向呈NEE-SWW向,与天山走向平行,慢波时间延迟为0.4～1.7 s,这是塔里木、哈萨克斯坦的南北双向俯冲及其导致的天山地区岩石圈地幔南北向缩短变形的直接反映.本文研究发现中天山北部部分台站下方地震各向异性快波方向与慢波延时随方位角呈现规律性的变化,可能暗示该区上地幔各向异性不能仅用单层水平各向异性这一简单模式来解释.75°E以西的天山地区台站下方S波快波方向和延时具有强烈的横向变化,可能与研究区下方存在的小规模对流有关.中天山不同地段地震台站下方各向异性明显不同,进一步证实了天山地区构造变形的复杂性.     

二维复杂层状介质中地震多波走时联合反演成像

采用新近提出的多次波射线追踪正演算法,结合共轭梯度法求解带约束的阻尼最小二乘最优化反演问题,分析讨论了利用多震相走时资料进行联合反演成像的方法及技术.考虑到不同震相走时的拾取误差不同,反演算法中引入了不同震相种类数据的权系数; 由于同时反演速度模型和反射界面起伏中不同模型参数变化对走时影响程度的不同, Jacobi偏导矩阵元素中引入了不同参数的归一化因子; 另外,为了克服射线密度过大(或过小)区域速度模型的过度(或欠)更新问题,反演算法中引入了等权射线密度的概念.几种数值模拟实例表明(含噪声敏感性试验): 多波走时的联合或同时反演成像技术是一种提高走时成像空间分辨率,进而降低重建模型失真度行之有效的方法.     

六盘山东麓断裂南段断裂沟槽韵律沉积特征对最新活动时代的限定

六盘山位于华北断块西部鄂尔多斯块体与青藏块体祁连断褶带之间的构造转换部位。前人对六盘山东麓断裂南段进行过一定程度的研究,根据地貌特征推断六盘山东麓断裂南段晚更新世以来不活动。根据断裂特征,大致可将六盘山东麓断裂划分为北段、中段和南段。活动断裂带上的断裂沟槽沉积物表现为由多个粗粒层与细粒层交替的韵律层序结构,韵律沉积特征与断裂活动有直接关系。在六盘山东麓断裂南段冶家村西发现一个断裂沟槽韵律沉积剖面,共鉴别出三期韵律沉积组合。通过分析认为本剖面所反映的韵律沉积特征应为构造成因。对断裂沟槽沉积物采样测年的结果表明,该段断层分别在约500 a BP后、6 ka BP后和15 ka BP前有过明显的地质活动。确认六盘山东麓断裂南段晚更新世以来有过多次活动,是一条活动断裂带。     

草酸钙生物矿化膜的形成机理和化学仿制－－一种新型石质文物表面防护材料的开发研究

已经发现一些年代久远的含钙岩石表面有一层天然生成的矿化膜，矿化膜保护下的石刻文字可以历经上千年的风雨而保持完好。本工作探讨了这种膜的组成和来源。膜的样品用FTIR、PLM、EDAX、SEM和TEM进行了分析。检测发现天然矿化膜的主要成分为草酸钙，许多证据表明这是一种生物矿化膜。本文讨论了膜的形成机理。为了开发新型石质文物表面防护材料，我们在实验室中用化学仿制的方法在含钙岩石上生成了这种保护膜，同时研究了膜的生成条件与保护效果之间的关系。     

On the relations between the hydrological dynamical systems of water budget,travel time,response time and tracer concentrations

Using previous results on extended Petri Nets (EPN), we present the relations between various hydrological dynamical systems (HDSys) derived from the water budget. Once the water budget has been implemented, there is a consistent way of getting the equations for backward travel time distributions, for forward response time distributions and for the concentration of a solute or tracer. We show that the water budget has a correspondence of one to many with the backward travel time distributions. In fact, to any one of the water budget equations there correspond as many equations as there are input precipitation events. The backward travel time distributions are related to the response time distributions by Niemi's relationship and, if there are n outputs, by the definition of n − 1 partition functions. These determine what fraction of the water volume injected into the control volume at a specific time t_in goes asymptotically to a specific output. Given the backward travel time distributions, the output concentration of a solute or tracer also depends on the input concentration. The paper clarifies the complicated relations described above by taking [Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 20, 299–328] as an example from literature. Once the appropriate information is presented, it is shown how these HDSys can be solved simultaneously without duplicating calculations. Then, it is also shown that, under the hypothesis of uniform mixing of water ages within each reservoir, these systems can be solved exactly.