北京平原区寒武系奥陶系钻井地层时代划分方法

针对无岩心水井钻探地层时代划分的困难, 通过对北京市平原区寒武系和奥陶系层型剖面标志特征的分析, 识别了岩石地层单位的分层标志特征;介绍了钻井岩屑地质编录的基本技术要求;分析了岩石地层单位地球物理测井的物性标志特征。阐明, 通过岩屑地质编录结合物探测井能够较好地对平原区钻井进行地层时代划分。      

某通讯基站对炸药库雷击风险的影响分析

以移动通讯基站为例,从基站“引雷”作用的角度,通过理论和计算分析,认为基站能使周边环境雷击频率和雷电强度增加,但基站周边建筑物自身受直击雷危害的影响远大于受基站雷击感应的影响,所以基站周边建筑物自身要有完善的防雷装置才能保证其安全。     

Thermochronological data from Sudan in the frame of the denudational history of the Nubian Red Sea margin

Low‐temperature thermochronology provides information on the timing of rifting and denudation of passive margins, and the Red Sea with its well‐exposed, young rift margins is a suitable setting for its application. Here we present new apatite fission‐track (AFT) data from Sudan northern hinterland and Red Sea coastal areas. From the former region we obtained ages between 270 ± 2 Ma ad 253 ± 53 Ma, and from the coastal belt between 83 ± 8 Ma and 39 ± 7 Ma. These data prompted a review and comparison with low‐temperature thermochronological data from the whole Nubian Red Sea Margin, and a discussion on their implication in assessing the margin evolutionary style. AFT data are available for Egypt and Eritrea as well as apatite (U‐Th)/He (AHe) ages for two transects transversal to the margin in Eritrea. Both in Egypt and Eritrea AFT data record a cooling event at about 20–25 Ma (Early Miocene) and an earlier, more local, cooling event in Egypt at about 34 Ma (Early Oligocene). The thermal modeling of the Sudan samples provides an indication of a rapid cooling in Miocene times, but does not support nor rules out an Early Oligocene cooling phase. The re‐assessment of new and existing thermochronological data within the known geological framework of the Nubian and conjugate Arabian margins favours the hypothesis that early rifting stages were affecting the whole Gulf of Suez–Red Sea–Gulf of Aden system since the Oligocene. These precocious, more attenuated, phases were followed by major extension in Miocene times. As to the mode of margin evolution, AFT age patterns both in Egypt and Eritrea are incompatible with a downwarp model. The distribution of AHe ages across the Eritrean coastal plain suggests that there the escarpment was evolving predominantly by plateau degradation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

二维复杂层状介质中地震多波走时联合反演成像

采用新近提出的多次波射线追踪正演算法,结合共轭梯度法求解带约束的阻尼最小二乘最优化反演问题,分析讨论了利用多震相走时资料进行联合反演成像的方法及技术.考虑到不同震相走时的拾取误差不同,反演算法中引入了不同震相种类数据的权系数; 由于同时反演速度模型和反射界面起伏中不同模型参数变化对走时影响程度的不同, Jacobi偏导矩阵元素中引入了不同参数的归一化因子; 另外,为了克服射线密度过大(或过小)区域速度模型的过度(或欠)更新问题,反演算法中引入了等权射线密度的概念.几种数值模拟实例表明(含噪声敏感性试验): 多波走时的联合或同时反演成像技术是一种提高走时成像空间分辨率,进而降低重建模型失真度行之有效的方法.     

中天山及邻区S波分裂研究及其动力学意义

本文利用天山及其邻区布设的37个宽频带地震台站记录到的远震波形数据,分别采用最小能量法和旋转相关法对SKS和SKKS波震相进行了偏振分析,计算出了台站下方介质的S波分裂参数：快波的偏振方向（φ）和慢波延迟时间（δt）.本文研究结果表明：中天山内部大多数台站的各向异性快波方向呈NEE-SWW向,与天山走向平行,慢波时间延迟为0.4～1.7 s,这是塔里木、哈萨克斯坦的南北双向俯冲及其导致的天山地区岩石圈地幔南北向缩短变形的直接反映.本文研究发现中天山北部部分台站下方地震各向异性快波方向与慢波延时随方位角呈现规律性的变化,可能暗示该区上地幔各向异性不能仅用单层水平各向异性这一简单模式来解释.75°E以西的天山地区台站下方S波快波方向和延时具有强烈的横向变化,可能与研究区下方存在的小规模对流有关.中天山不同地段地震台站下方各向异性明显不同,进一步证实了天山地区构造变形的复杂性.     

金川硫化铜镍矿床成矿模式

金川矿床产出于过渡区,位于中朝地块西南部阿拉善边缘隆起上,含矿岩体是多期上侵贯入形成的,时代为1509～1526Ma。 导源于地幔深郎富硫的铁质超基性岩浆,沿超壳深断裂上侵到达地壳岩浆房。注入岩浆房的岩浆在橄榄石结晶温度的区间内,发生熔离作用和橄榄石结晶作用,按重力效应正岩浆房中自下而上先后形成了矿浆、富矿岩浆、含矿岩浆和岩浆的分层格局。随着温度下降,在构造应力脉动式驱动下,岩浆房中自上而下按岩浆、含矿岩浆、富矿岩浆和矿浆的顺序,先后分别沿相同通道上侵、贯入于现存空间成岩成矿、每次上侵、贯入的浆体都沿着前次浆体的下侧部和根部定位。 整个成矿过程由岩浆房中的深部熔离、橄榄石结晶和重力分层作用→第一期次岩浆上侵→第二期次含矿岩浆上侵→第三期次富矿岩浆贯入→晚期矿浆贯入→接触交代成矿→热液叠加成矿,构成一个完整的硫化铜、镍矿床的成矿模式和时空分布系列。     

行政建置变更对海南岛区域文化历史发展的影响研究

一个区域文化的发展除了受历史时期科技发展水平、移民、国家开拓方略等因素的影响外,也因为行政建置的不同而产生很大的不同。不少地方因为长期隶属于同一个行政区,在文化上就表现出非常明显的趋同性。而历史期海南岛区域文化的发展进度则与反映中央王朝重视程度的行政建置的级别、深入岛内实质管理的辖区大小等要素紧密相关。行政建置变更某种程度上已经成为海南岛历史文化发展进程中重要的导向标。在探讨了历史期海南岛行政建置变更对海南岛文化发展带来的影响,以期对海南岛区域文化的生成和发展寻求上层建筑方面的依据。     

Coil response inversion for very early time modelling of helicopter‐borne time‐domain electromagnetic data and mapping of near‐surface geological layers

Very early times in the order of 2–3 μs from the end of the turn‐off ramp for time‐domain electromagnetic systems are crucial for obtaining a detailed resolution of the near‐surface geology in the depth interval 0–20 m. For transient electromagnetic systems working in the off time, an electric current is abruptly turned off in a large transmitter loop causing a secondary electromagnetic field to be generated by the eddy currents induced in the ground. Often, however, there is still a residual primary field generated by remaining slowly decaying currents in the transmitter loop. The decay disturbs or biases the earth response data at the very early times. These biased data must be culled, or some specific processing must be applied in order to compensate or remove the residual primary field. As the bias response can be attributed to decaying currents with its time constantly controlled by the geometry of the transmitter loop, we denote it the ‘Coil Response’. The modelling of a helicopter‐borne time‐domain system by an equivalent electronic circuit shows that the time decay of the coil response remains identical whatever the position of the receiver loop, which is confirmed by field measurements. The modelling also shows that the coil response has a theoretical zero location and positioning the receiver coil at the zero location eliminates the coil response completely. However, spatial variations of the coil response around the zero location are not insignificant and even a few cm deformation of the carrier frame will introduce a small coil response. Here we present an approach for subtracting the coil response from the data by measuring it at high altitudes and then including an extra shift factor into the inversion scheme. The scheme is successfully applied to data from the SkyTEM system and enables the use of very early time gates, as early as 2–3 μs from the end of the ramp, or 5–6 μs from the beginning of the ramp. Applied to a large‐scale airborne electromagnetic survey, the coil response compensation provides airborne electromagnetic methods with a hitherto unseen good resolution of shallow geological layers in the depth interval 0–20 m. This is proved by comparing results from the airborne electromagnetic survey to more than 100 km of Electrical Resistivity Tomography measured with 5 m electrode spacing.     

球坐标系下多震相走时三参数同时反演成像

球坐标系下多震相走时三参数(速度、震源位置和反射界面)同时反演需要解决两个关键问题:(1)球坐标系下3D速度模型中多次透射、反射(折射)及转换波精确、快速的射线追踪;(2)同时反演时三种不同参数间的强耦合问题.为此,我们将直角坐标系下分区多步不规则最短路径算法推广至球坐标系中,进行区域或者全球尺度的多震相射线追踪.然后将其与适合多参数同时反演的子空间算法相结合,形成一种球坐标系下联合多震相走时三参数同时反演的方法技术.与双参数(速度和反射界面或速度和震源位置)同时反演的数值模拟对比分析显示:三参数与双参数的同时反演结果大体接近,并且它们对到时数据中可容许的随机噪声不太敏感.结果说明本文中的同时反演成像为一种提高成像分辨率,同时反演速度、震源位置和反射界面的有效方法.     

明、清、民国时期制图技术发展分析

中华大地形成丰富的物质文明和精神文明的同时,也产生、保存了大量的地图,这些地图对于现代人了解当时的历史情况,研究地图制图的发展有着不可替代的参考作用^([1])。在阅读大量的中国近代(即明、清、民国时期)地图资料的基础上,本文总结和提炼了中国近代3个不同时期地图制图技术的概况,并对3个时期中国地图制图技术的发展做了简要分析,以期对现代地图学的发展起到一些作用。