Spatial characterization of catchment dispersion mechanisms in an urban context

Previous studies have examined in-depth the dispersion mechanisms in natural catchments. In contrast, these dispersion mechanisms have been studied little in urban catchments, where artificial transport elements and morphological arrangements are expected to modify travel times and mobilize excess rainfall from spatially distributed impervious sites. This has the ability to modify the variance of the catchment’s travel times and hence the total dispersion. This work quantifies the dispersion mechanisms in an urban catchment using the theory of transport by travel times as represented by the Urban Morpho-climatic Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph (U-McIUH) model. The U-McIUH computes travel times based on kinematic wave theory and accounts explicitly for the path heterogeneities and altered connectivity patterns characteristic of an urban drainage network. The analysis is illustrated using the Aubinière urban catchment in France as a case study. We found that kinematic dispersion is dominant for small rainfall intensities, whereas geomorphologic dispersion becomes more dominant for larger intensities. The total dispersion scales with the drainage area in a power law fashion. The kinematic dispersion is dominant across spatial scales up to a threshold of approximately 2–3 km², after which the geomorphologic dispersion becomes more dominant. Overall, overland flow is responsible for most of the dispersion in the catchment, while conduits tend to counteract the increase of the geomorphologic dispersion with a negative kinematic dispersion. Further study with other catchments is needed to asses if the latter is a general feature of urban drainage networks.     

专项历史地图元数据设计及采集关键问题分析

从分散在世界各地、浩如烟海的历史地图中选取出符合"中国东海、南海及周边国家历史地图资料整编"要求的历史地图,把它们按照一定的规则组织管理起来,是非常有意义和价值的。首先要确定这些历史地图的管理者,管理者所记录的地图资料信息,还要分析这些信息的可用性。利用地理信息系统技术来提取历史地图信息的空间位置,以辅助快速搜寻到符合专项要求的历史地图。根据项目需求确定历史地图元数据的设计原则及历史地图元数据项,建立元数据录入管理系统,快速录入符合要求的元数据以提高历史地图数据库的建设效率。     

广州民间金融街城市更新模式探讨

通过对政府、企业、产权方等各方主体的深入访谈,辅以必要的资料分析,深入研究了广州民间金融街城市更新的产业重构、更新模式及更新成效。研究发现：广州民间金融街城市更新是一种不同于文化旅游和创意经济带动的历史街区更新的新模式,民间金融产业的发展带动了街区的更新,更新的模式可以概括为物质环境更新、产业空间释放和金融产业注入3个方面,更新使街区环境得以改善、功能得以提升、文化得以保护。最后,通过分析文化旅游和创意经济带动下的城市更新存在的问题,指出历史街区更新的思路应当多元化,除了文化旅游和创意经济外,还可以借助于其他产业的发展来带动街区更新。     

历史街区顾客地方依恋与购物满意度的关系——以苏州观前街为例

基于“地方依恋”与“美国顾客满意度指数(ASCI)模型”基本理论,通过构建顾客地方依恋与购物满意度之间的结构关系模型,采用通径分析、相关分析及验证性因子分析等研究方法,探讨了苏州观前街历史街区型购物场所顾客地方依恋对购物满意度的影响关系,结果表明：①地方依恋对顾客购物满意度、购物抱怨及购物忠诚度均具有不同程度的影响效应;②地方依恋对顾客购物满意度具有最为显著的正向影响、对购物抱怨的直接负向影响显著、通过顾客购物满意度对购物抱怨具有间接的负向影响,但并不显著;③地方依恋对顾客购物忠诚度的直接影响及以购物满意度为中介变量的间接影响均为显著。最后提出了增进观前街与顾客之间人地情感联结关系,以提高顾客游憩及休闲购物满意度的主要途径。     

Mesonic stiff fluid distribution in five dimensional Bianchi type space time

In this paper, we have constructed mesonic stiff fluid cosmological models in five dimensional LRS Bianchi type-I and Bianchi type-VI₀ space times in general theory of relativity. Some physical and geometrical properties of the models are discussed.     

Earthquake damage detection in the Imperial County Services Building III: Analysis of wave travel times via impulse response functions

The majority of structural health monitoring methods are based on detecting changes in the modal properties, which are global characteristics of the structure, and are not sensitive to local damage. Wave travel times between selected sections of a structure, on the other hand, are local characteristics, and are potentially more sensitive to local damage. In this paper, a structural health monitoring method based on changes in wave travel times is explored using strong motion data from the Imperial Valley Earthquake of 1979 recorded in the former Imperial County Services (ICS) Building, severely damaged by this earthquake. Wave travel times are measured from impulse response functions computed from the recorded horizontal seismic response in three time windows—before, during, and after the largest amplitude response, as determined from previous studies of this building, based on analysis of novelties in the recorded response. The results suggest initial spatial distribution of stiffness consistent with the design characteristics, and reduction of stiffness following the major damage consistent with the spatial distribution of the observed damage. The travel times were also used to estimate the fundamental fixed-base frequency of the structure f₁ (assuming the building deformed as a shear beam), and its changes during this earthquake. These estimates are consistent with previous estimates of the soil–structure system frequency, f_sys, during the earthquakes (f₁<f_sys as expected from soil–structure interaction studies), and with other estimates of frequency (f₁ from ETABS models, and f_sys from ambient vibration tests, and “instantaneous” f₁ from high-frequency pulse propagation).     

CERES-玉米模拟模式的数值试验及应用

利用美国的CERES玉米模拟模式对河南省伊川县1992、1993年共6期玉米分期播种资料进行了模拟,对生育期和籽粒产量的模拟效果较好。经对播种密度、播种日期、播种深度与籽粒产量关系的数值试验,提出高产密度标准为8.25(高肥水田块可达9.75)株·m^-2,最佳播期为5月31日～6月5日和最适播种深度为6cm左右。经对河南省南阳市大田玉米生长发育的模拟验证,平均相对误差率为5.6%,并可用理论计算的逐日太阳辐射代替实测太阳辐射进行生长模拟。所以CERES玉米模拟模式作某些参数调整后可应用于业务工作     

宁夏近44 a霜冻的气候变化特征

对宁夏1961~2004年间霜冻发生次数、霜期的变化特征进行了分析,结果表明:宁夏霜冻发生主要集中在4月和10月,出现次数4月中旬最多,春季霜冻明显多于秋季;发生次数南北差异较大,宁南山区发生频率较高,年平均发生次数达8.7~10.8次。同心出现次数最少,年平均只有2.1次;霜冻发生次数阶段性变化呈"1升1降"和"1升2降"分布,总体呈下降趋势,其中6月、秋季下降趋势明显。霜冻年发生次数的跃变点是1984年,跃变年以后霜冻发生次数明显减少;3个区域的气候变化趋势均为初霜日逐渐推迟,终霜日逐渐提前,无霜期逐渐延长。     

Old cities, new pasts: Heritage planning in selected cities of Central Europe

Heritage is the contemporary usage of a past and is consciously shaped from history, its survivals and memories, in response to current needs for it. If these needs and consequent roles of heritage, whether for the political legitimacy of governments, for social and ethnic cohesion, for individual identification with places and groups, or for the provision of economic resources in heritage industries change rapidly, then clearly we expect the content and management of that heritage to do likewise. The cities of Central Europe have long been the heritage showcases that reflected the complex historical and geographical patterns of the region's changing governments and ideologies. The abrupt economic and political transition and reorientation of the countries of Central Europe has thus, unsurprisingly, led to many equally abrupt changes in the content and management of urban heritage throughout the region. The uses made of heritage are clearly drastically changing but so also is the way that heritage is currently managed. What is happening, as well as how, is however uncertain and investigated here. The revolutionary eradication of a rejected past, a return to some previous pasts or the beginnings of a new past in the service of a new present are all possibilities. Answers are sought to these questions through the examination of a selection of cases of types of heritage city and their management in the region. These include an archetypical European gem city (Eger, Hungary), a tourist-historic honey-pot (?esky Krumlov, Czechia), a medium-sized multifunctional city (Gdansk, Poland), a major metropolis (Budapest, Hungary), the relict anomaly (Kaliningrad/ Königsberg, Russia) and the national cultural centre of Weimar.     

地震危险性分析中最大地震震级的确定

最大地震的概念被广泛地应用于地震危险性分析研究中．在全球大陆的许多地方,由于缺乏详细的地质调查,已有的地质分析和构造类比等方法的应用面临着困难．本文根据历史地震资料,基于最大历史地震的概念,并引人核函数的基本思想,提出了一种确定最大地震震级的新方法．利用不同的确定最大震级的方法所进行的危险性分析结果的系统对比研究表明,将本文方法应用于地震危险性分析之中是实际可行的．与其他方法相比,该方法不仅适用于地质构造、地表形变等资料缺乏的区域,而且能在一定程度上反映出地震空间上的分形特征．