台湾地区国家公园建设与发展

自从 １９７２ 年台湾地区实施 “国家公园法”以来, 目前已建立了六大国家公园, 对保护台湾岛的特有自然风景、野生动物和历史文化发挥了重要作用。此外, 台湾地区国家公园还为发展旅游和研究生态学、地学提供了理想的场所。台湾有丰富的资源建立国家公园, 其规划除遵循国家公园的国际标准, 还针对台湾地区地景、生物多样性的特点进行国家公园的规划与建设。台湾地区国家公园规划的主要内容包括： （１） 资源调查与分析; （２） 自然保护与发展政策制订;（３） 国家公园系统规划; （４） 国家公园经营管理规划; （５） 旅游区规划与设施建设; （６） 国家公园生态保护、解说系统。     

英国的自然保护

就英国自然保护区的八种主要类型：国家公园、国家风景区、自然遗产区、自然风景名胜区、遗产海岸、环境敏感区、特殊科学意义区、国家自然保护区;以及自然保护区的保护管理机构分别进行了概略介绍,以便有助于对英国自然保护区的了解。     

浅析广安华蓥山区山水林田湖综合治理措施——以高顶山矿区为例

高顶山矿区位于广安华蓥市城区东南约5km处。长期的采矿活动,导致区内矿山地质环境问题突出,严重影响华蓥山地区人民的生命财产安全。矿山地质环境问题亟待解决。本文通过分析区内主要存在的矿山地质环境问题,提出通过矿山地质灾害、矿山土地恢复、矿山地形地貌景观恢复治理,河道综合整治、道路修复、生态保育、产业提升等措施;消除安全隐患,保障区内人民生命财产安全;改善生态环境,实现华蓥山地区生态环境全面恢复,生态环境质量提升,提高环境承载力,实现区内"山青、水秀、林美、田良"的目标。并对区内的产业转型升级进行了探讨,提出将高顶山矿区建设成具有科普和教育价值的旅游景观目的地;利用矿区独具特色工业人文景观和别致的自然景观,将高顶山矿区建设成集"科普、休闲、康养、户外、探秘"五大功能于一体的矿山公园,推动矿业经济转型升级,促进产业结构转型和经济社会可持续发展。     

Evaluation of the carrying capacity of marine industrial parks: A case study in China

Carrying capacity is an important index used to evaluate the status of regional resources, ecological environment, and regional economic development. Marine industrial parks have gained substantial attention from domestic and foreign investors and governments at all levels; in particular, these parks are an essential part of the national blue economy development plan of the Chinese government. The carrying capacity of a marine industrial park is important to all related stakeholders. In this study, an evaluation system was established based on the literature review and expert interviews by using 32 indices under three dimensions (pressure, bearing, and transformation) to determine the carrying capacity of a marine industrial park. The carrying capacity of marine industrial parks in Shandong Province was evaluated using this system across diverse dimensions by incorporating state space and analytic hierarchy processes. Results indicated that carrying capacity significantly differed among regions, parks, and specific dimensions. Comparison among different types of marine industrial parks indicated that the modern marine service industry and fishery industrial parks showed improved and efficient development with relatively high bearing rates. By contrast, the modern marine manufacturing industry and strategic emerging industrial parks were significantly underdeveloped. This study proposes academic approaches and practical implications for the involved governments and managing committees. Furthermore, suggestions on park planning, policy support, industrial cluster, and industry–university–research institute alliances are provided to the government and enterprise perspectives to increase the carrying capacity of marine characteristic industrial parks.     

Are Speed Restriction Zones an effective management tool for minimising impacts of boats on dolphins in an Australian marine park?

The small, genetically distinct population of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) in Port Stephens, New South Wales (NSW), is the target of the largest dolphin-watching industry in Australia and falls within the recently created Port Stephens—Great Lakes Marine Park. The effectiveness of Speed Restriction Zones (SRZs) as a management tool in this area was investigated during their second year of implementation by comparing dolphin usage and behaviour to adjacent Control Zones (CZs) of similar habitat. For this purpose, boat-based surveys and focal follows of dolphin groups were carried out in the zones between August 2008 and August 2009. Results showed that SRZs were more intensely used by dolphin-watching boats in summer. There was no change in dolphins’ behaviour and group structure in the presence of dolphin-watching boats in SRZs when compared to dolphin groups within CZs in any season. Dolphin groups including calves used SRZs less during summer. The latter may indicate a shift in area utilisation for those groups during intense boat traffic by dolphin-watching operators. CZs were more important than SRZs as foraging grounds for dolphins in summer. This indicates that SRZs as specified are not effective at minimising boating impacts and that the location of these zones should in time be revised. This is important information for management of dolphin-watching within this marine park and an example of adaptive management in progress. Moreover these results are relevant for conservation of dolphins and the management of dolphin-watching industries elsewhere, particularly new industries, where management strategies may incorporate marine protected areas including zoning plans.     

高新区科技金融发展过程及其空间效应——以无锡新区为例

科技金融是伴随着中国科技体制改革和金融发展不断深化、服务于自主创新和创新型国家建设战略而逐渐产生的新生事物。以中国科技金融创新的主要发源地之一的无锡国家级高新区为例,通过实地调查,对科技金融体系的产生、发展及其空间效应进行实证研究。研究发现,无锡新区的科技金融服务已基本形成一个完整的体系;政策、市场和社会因素是科技金融发展的主要推动力;科技金融体系的建立推动了产业转型,专门的科技金融空间出现,同时在科技金融支持下新的产业空间出现,并引发人口空间转移和社会空间转型等。本文可丰富科技金融和高新区转型的理论,并为其他地区的科技金融实践提供借鉴。     

社区商业模式选择的思考——以苏州工业园区邻里中心为例

在城市的旧社区商业改造和新社区商业开发过程中,建立合理的社区商业模式对于保障居民日常生活需求、改善社区商业交易环境、完善城市社区功能、提升城市面貌有着重要的现实意义。本文以苏州工业园区邻里中心为例,通过实地考察和问卷调查的方式,从区位、布置方式、业态组合、居民的消费行为等方面进行分析,论述新加坡邻里中心在苏州本地化过程中的成功经验,提出对国内社区商业模式选择的建议。     

美国国家公园志愿者服务及机制——以海峡群岛国家公园为例

具有百余年历史的美国国家公园志愿者服务已成为美国国家公园管理的重要部分,志愿者服务有效实现了美国国家公园的全民管理思路。通过实地考察和访谈记录梳理,就国家公园志愿者服务的相关概念、服务动机、服务决策、服务内容、服务支持和服务机制深入剖析,从庞大有序的服务系统、管理与运行、功能实现三方面分析国家公园志愿者服务机制;提炼出美国国家公园志愿者服务的四个支持：宣传支持、技术支持、学习支持和立法支持。并以美国海峡群岛国家公园为例进行论证。最后提出国家公园志愿者服务和中国国家公园志愿服务尚需研究的诸多内容,任重而道远。     

Industrial Land Development and Manufacturing Deconcentration in Greater Jakarta

Abstract

Industrial land development has become a key feature of urbanization in Greater Jakarta, one of the largest metropolitan areas in Southeast Asia. Following Suharto's market-oriented policy measures in the late 1980s, private developers have dominated the land development projects in Greater Jakarta. The article investigates the extent to which these private industrial centers have effectively reduced the domination of Jakarta in shaping the entire metropolitan structure. The analysis indicates that major suburban industrial centers have captured most of the manufacturing employment that has dispersed from Jakarta. The industrial centers have now increasingly specialized and diversified. It is likely that a polycentric metropolitan structure will emerge in the future.     

基于水环境保护的湿地公园规划探讨——以山东拥翠湖国家湿地公园为例

人口增长、经济发展和生活水平的提高导致对有限的水资源竞争和水冲突的增加,确保水资源的可持续利用是保障社会经济可持续发展的前提。水资源的可持续利用是建立在生态系统良好的基础上,湿地公园的建立是统一保护与利用水资源的有效方式之一。湿地公园内的水环境保护与湿地公园的长远发展息息相关。以山东拥翠湖国家湿地公园为例,探讨了水环境保护理念下的湿地公园规划方法及内容,包括水资源、水岸、栖息地的保护,以及合理利用湿地资源的方法。由于湿地水环境保护标准尚未确定,基于水环境保护前提下的湿地公园规划还需完善。