西部大开发的重点区域--关中高新带

以西安为中心的陕西关中地区及其已建成的关中高新技术产业开发带,其在西部大开发中的地位和作用,与东部开发时期深圳在沿海开放时的地位和作用、上海在沿江开放时的地位和作用非常类似,也具有率先发展的区位优势、政治经济优势及科教与高科技产业优势,并对推动西部大开发具有重要的驱动和示范引导作用。因此,按照国家《“十五”西部大开发总体规划》中提出的西部大开发要实施“以线串点、以点带面”重点开发的战略要求,应把关中高新带建成西部大开发的重点开发区域。     

国外生物科技园区发展模式研究

生物技术产业是世界范围内正在兴起的高新技术产业，生物科技园区（生物谷）是其发展与集中布局的典型载体。本文以国际主要生物科技园区为研究对象，对其经营与发展的条件、要素、产业体系、管理与运行机制等方面进行了对比研究。其研究结论对我国生物技术产业发展和布局具有重要借鉴意义。     

日本城市防灾减灾的经验与启示--以城市防灾公园建设为例

大规模的城市建设在我国方兴未艾。由于很多城市对城市建设研究的不全面、不深入，快速发展的城市建设导致了多种城市灾害发生。城市灾害发生的种类、数量和范围在扩大，危害程度在加深，因而客观上要求我们必须解决城市建设中普遍存在的只重视发展速度和规模，忽视防灾减灾，或城市建设工程防灾减灾配套设施落后、甚至缺失等问题。减轻灾害与控制灾害已成为城市建设中一项十分艰巨的工作，研究分析日本城市防灾减灾与城市建设工作，其城市防灾公园建设经验可资借鉴。     

Implementing industrial ecology? Planning for eco-industrial parks in the USA

Despite the widespread incorporation of sustainable development into policy discourses, actually achieving the ‘win-win-win’ scenario of economic, environmental and social development continues to be problematic. Advocates of industrial ecology suggest that by shifting the basis of industrial production from a linear to a closed loop system, these gains can be achieved. In recent years, concepts drawn from industrial ecology have been used to plan and develop eco-industrial parks (EIPs) that seek to increase business competitiveness, reduce waste and pollution, create jobs and improve working conditions. Despite a growing interest in EIPs, there have been few empirically informed studies that seek to explore the potential contribution such EIPs may make to sustainable development. This paper contributes to a developing sympathetic critique of industrial ecology by focusing on the key problems and dilemmas that arise in the course of developing eco-industrial parks, drawing upon empirical work conducted in the USA. The paper draws upon both an extensive survey of EIPs and in-depth interviews conducted with a range of stakeholders at ten US sites. As the paper reveals, EIPs in the USA are in their early stages and likewise their contribution to both economic development and environmental policy, let alone social policies, is complicated and inchoate. The empirical material reveals that key features of industrial ecology such as inter-firm networking and collaboration in the form of materials interchange and energy cascading are either absent or in the early planning stages. In each of the ten cases what is emerging is a form of EIP partly determined by the geographic setting and broader economic realities of the locality. While collaborative behaviour between firms is central to EIP development if the potential benefits of industrial ecology are to be realised, it is important to realise that such behaviour is difficult to develop from scratch through policy intervention. In conclusion, the paper suggests that expectations must be realistic for the community and location in question. As part of that realism, EIP projects must be designed to allow for a gradual approach, and each phase needs to be financially viable.     

生态工业园区建设中的耦合问题及其实施途径研究

结合生态工业园的特征和耦合的概念,提出了生态工业因区建设中企业内部、企业之间、因区与区域耦合的梯级耦合系统,指出基于清洁生产的企业之间耦合是生态工业团区建设的重点和关键。最后,探讨了生态工业园梯级耦合系统建设的实施途径。     

论技术扩散的影响因子

借助全球技术转移资料,特别是张江高科技园区实地调查资料,本文分析了技术在空间上的移动过程。笔者指出,只有同时具备较高的技术势能、与技术合作伙伴之间较短的距离、便捷的通道等三方面的条件,技术扩散才能顺利地进行。同时,不同因子对不同尺度技术扩散过程的影响各不相同。在宏观尺度上,与创新源区位势相差不大、技术通道外环境类似的区域将最先进行技术扩散,而距离对宏观尺度上的技术扩散影响不大;在微观尺度上,受规模效应、集聚效应的影响,技术势能对技术扩散的影响不大,而距离、技术通道内环境对技术扩散发挥着决定性作用。上海张江高科技园区技术势能较高,位于全球技术扩散通道上,具备临近美、欧、日等世界技术创新源的空间优势,“聚焦张江”战略改善了技术通道,使张江接受海外技术扩散的能力、自身从事技术创新的能力、向国内其他地区进行技术二次扩散的能力大大提高,但张江高科技园区内部也还存在着垂直联系多、水平联系少等问题,技术扩散通道建设任重道远。     

Trace element concentrations of soils, plants and waters caused by a copper smelting plant and other industries, Northeast Turkey

The study area is situated in a large agricultural field which produces tobacco, maize, and other yearly cultivated vegetables in Tekkeköy, Samsun (NE-Turkey). In addition, a significant part of this area to the north along the Black Sea coast is occupied by several industrial plants such as a copper smelting plant (KB?), a fertilizer plant (Tügsa?) and industrial park facilities (IPF). In order to reveal their environmental impacts, heavy metal analyses were conducted on soil, plant leaves and water samples collected within an area of approximately 30 km² around these plants. Soil samples within an area of 10 km² around these facilities are found to be highly polluted with Cu, Zn, Pb, Fe and Mn. Pollution occurs at surface and sharply dies out at 20 cm downwards in soil profile. Since the region is polluted mostly with base metals, the copper smelting factory appears to be the main source of pollution as it processes the massive sulfidic ores of the Black Sea area. Plants show Cu, Pb, Zn and Fe pollution around KB? and Tügsa? and Cu and Pb around IPF. Pollutants observed in tobacco (Nicotiana tobacum) are Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe and S; in maize (Zea mays) Cu, Zn and Fe; and in cabbage (Brassica oleracea) Cu, Pb, Fe and S. The analyses of water samples collected from the study area reveal that Pb and, to a lesser degree, Cu and Fe pollution stem from KB?; Cu, Fe and Mn pollution from Tügsa?; Pb and minor amounts of Fe and Mn pollution from IPF. Factor analyses from analyzed metals and anionic complexes in water show three distinct groups: (a) an association of heavy metals with Na, K and Mg referring to pollution and acid leaching of soil, (b) an association of NH4, Fe, SO₄, Cl and Br indicating agricultural pollution and sea-water invasion in land near the shore line, and (c) HCO₃ behaving in a different manner in heavy metal precipitation.     

中国花岗岩地貌景观若干问题讨论

中国的花岗岩在地理分布上遍及全国，在地质构造分布上遍及所有的造山带，在产出时代上从太古宙到新生代均有发现，在岩石类型、成因类型上，世界上已知的类型中国几乎都有。特别是中国的花岗岩地貌景观类型，不仅多样化程度高，而且美学观赏价值优于世界其他各国。因此，中国是世界上拥有花岗岩景区（包括世界遗产、国家公园、世界地质公园、国家地质公园及旅游区）最多的国家之一。花岗岩景区已成中国最重要的旅游目的地，在中国旅游业发展上起着重要作用。花岗岩地貌景观已成为重要的旅游资源。本文试从中国花岗岩地质地理分布、地貌景观类型划分、旅游开发价值、花岗岩景区建设及今后研究方向等问题进行初步探讨，以期引起地学界、旅游界及到花岗岩景区游览的广大公众对花岗岩地貌景观的关注，从而把花岗岩地质地貌景观研究、应用工作推向新的高度。     

江苏省废弃矿山旅游资源开发利用探析

随着我国生态环境建设的加快和经济的转型,一些矿山逐渐被禁止开采,废弃矿山的残垣断壁不仅严重地影响了周边的自然风貌及生态环境,而且极易诱发滑坡、崩塌、泥石流、地面塌陷等地质灾害。目前,废弃矿山的综合修复及再利用已成为我国政府和公众关注的焦点。江苏省近20年积极探索废弃矿山旅游资源开发道路,建设了南京冶山矿山公园、牛首山佛顶宫、徐州潘安湖湿地公园等特色景点,形成废弃矿山治理工程的一大特色。本文通过江苏省废弃矿山旅游开发现状的综合分析,总结出以旅游价值识别要素、开发模式及景观营造方法为核心的废弃矿山旅游资源开发模式,同时给出了目前江苏省废弃矿山旅游产业存在的问题,并从景观营造、品牌建设、旅游管理方面提出解决问题的建议,旨在促进废弃矿山旅游产业的发展。     

江苏省废弃矿山旅游资源开发利用探析

随着我国生态环境建设的加快和经济的转型,一些矿山逐渐被禁止开采,废弃矿山的残垣断壁不仅严重地影响了周边的自然风貌及生态环境,而且极易诱发滑坡、崩塌、泥石流、地面塌陷等地质灾害。目前,废弃矿山的综合修复及再利用已成为我国政府和公众关注的焦点。江苏省近20年积极探索废弃矿山旅游资源开发道路,建设了南京冶山矿山公园、牛首山佛顶宫、徐州潘安湖湿地公园等特色景点,形成废弃矿山治理工程的一大特色。本文通过江苏省废弃矿山旅游开发现状的综合分析,总结出以旅游价值识别要素、开发模式及景观营造方法为核心的废弃矿山旅游资源开发模式,同时给出了目前江苏省废弃矿山旅游产业存在的问题,并从景观营造、品牌建设、旅游管理方面提出解决问题的建议,旨在促进废弃矿山旅游产业的发展。