LAND-COVER DENSITY-BASED APPROACH TO URBAN LAND USE MAPPING USING HIGH-RESOLUTION IMAGERY

1IN T R O D U C T IO N Timely up-gradatnig ofurban landuse and landcoverin- formationisessentialforurban environmentalmonitor- ing,planningand management purposes.Traditionall,y fieldsurveyand visualinterpretatiofnrom aerialphotog- raphy areprimary ways t…     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Redundant Spaces in Cities and Regions? Studies in Industrial Decline and Social Change . J. Anderson, S. Duncan and R. Hudson. eds. The Social Consequences and Challenges of New Agricultural Technologies . Gigi M. Berardi and Charles C. Geisler, eds. Determinants of Fertility in Developing Countries, Vol. I, Supply and Demand for Children . Rodolfo A. Bultao and Ronald D. Lee, eds. Computer Mapping: Progress in the‘80s . James R. Carter. Washington: Colonial Africa . A. J. Christopher. Geography of the Soviet Union . J. P. Cole. Chicago Mapmakers, Essays on the Rise of the City's Map Trade . Michael P. Conzen, ed. Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists and the Ecology of New England . William Cronon. Mizner's Florida: American Resort Architecture . Donald W. Curl. Geographical Studies on the Soviet Union: Essays in Honor of Chauncy D. Harris . George Demko and Roland J. Fuchs, eds. Fluvial Hydrology . S. Lawrence Dingman. Pueblo Indian Water Rights: Struggle For a Precious Resource . Charles T. DuMars, Marilyn O'Leary and Albert E. Utton. Women in the Cities of Asia: Migration and Urban Adaptation . James T. Fawcett, Siew-Ean Khoo, and Peter C. Smith, eds. America's National Parks and Their Keepers . Ronald A. Foresta. Neighborhood Revitalization and the Postindustrial City . Dennis E. Gale. China in Canada: A Dialogue on Resources and Development . R. Louis Gentilcore, ed. China: The 80s Era . Norton Ginsburg and Bernard A. Lalor, eds. Boulder, CO: Global Resources: Challenges of Interdependence . Martin I. Glassner, ed. River Networks . Texas: A Geography . Terry G. Jordan with John L. Bean, Jr. and William M. Holmes. The American Frontier: An Archaeological Study of Settlement Pattern and Process . Kenneth E. Lewis. Water Resources, Geography and Law . Olen Paul Matthews. A Field Guide to American Houses . Virginia and Lee McAlester. Population: Patterns, Dynamics, and Prospects . James L. Newman and Gordon E. Matzke. Wood, Brick, and Stone, The North American Settlement Landscape, Vol. 1: Houses . Allen G. Noble. Historical Analysis in Geography . William Norton. The Displaced Worker and Community Response: Case Study of Portsmouth, Scioto County, Ohio . H. Milton Patton and Janet W. Patton. Disaster Management: Warning Response and Community Relocation . Ronald W. Perry and Alvin H. Muskatel. The Anthropology of Space: Explorations into the Natural Philosophy and Semantics of the Navajo . Rik Pinxten, Ingrid van Dooren, and Frank Harvey. What STYLE Is It? A Guide To American Architecture . John C. Poppeliers, S. Allen Chambers, Jr., and Nancy B. Schwartz. Appalachia: A Regional Geography—Land, People and Development . Karl Raitz and Richard Ulack. An Introduction to Urban Geography . John R. Short. Ford, A Village in the West Highlands of Scotland: A Case Study of Repopulation and Social Change in a Small Community . John B. Stephenson. Income and Jobs: USA Diagnosing the Reality . George Sternlieb and James W. Hughes. Weather and Climate of the Antarctic . W. Schwerdtfeger. History and Ecology: Studies of the Grassland, James C. Malin . Robert P. Swierenga, ed. Optimal Control of Spatial Systems . K. C. Tan and R. J. Bennett. Social Science and Revolutions . Stan Taylor. The Global Textile Industry . Brian Toyne, Jeffrey S. Arpan, David A. Ricks, Terence A. Shimp and Andy Barnett. Integrated Water Development: Water Use and Conservation Practice in Western Colorado . James L. Wescoat, Jr. Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Maps and Graphics for the Visually Handicapped . Joseph W. Wiedel, ed.     

INDUSTRIAL INERTIA VERSUS RELOCATION: A SHIPBUILDING ILLUSTRATION

Industrial inertia has both spatial and behavioral connotations. In the first place, it implies stability in plant location whereas in the second, it results from managerial behavior which either actively perceives advantages from status quo locations or passively condones such locations through lack of initiative. This paper illustrates the dilemmas facing a British shipbuilding firm which chose to locate at a greenfield site instead of opting for the traditional centers.     

杭州城市第四系三维地质结构模型建立中的孔间地层对比方法分析

构建地质结构模型是正在开展的杭州城市地质调查工作的主要内容之一,精确模型的建立基于孔间地层的精确对比。因此,确定适合该地区的地层对比方法成为一个非常重要的课题。笔者对传统对比方法及1:25万杭州市幅第四纪地层高精度对比方法进行了分析,根据高分辨率层序地层学理论和对比准则,结合杭嘉湖平原位处河口地区的沉积特点,拟定了适合杭州第四系钻孔间地(岩)层对比的新方法。     

扇三角洲高分辨率层序地层对比及砂体分布规律

笔者依据岩心、测井资料,通过岩性、电性对比,对胡状集油田沙三中亚段4～8油层组的扇三角洲相储层进行高分辨率层序地层研究,确立了不同级次旋回界面和旋回类型的识别特征,将研究层段分为1个长期旋回和6个中期旋回。依据中期旋回对砂体沉积的控制作用以及垂直、平行物源方向短期旋回与古地貌的变化关系,确定了短期旋回的对比原则和对比方法,建立了短期旋回对比格架。短期旋回地层在中期基准面旋回的不同时期的砂体分布特征差异明显,是造成储层层间和平面非均质性的主要原因,在细分油气开发层系时应区别对待。     

高分辨率遥感植被分类研究

以南京市区的植被覆盖为研究对象,基于IKONOS遥感影像,采用决策树分类算法,根据各种植被光谱特征建立知识库,提出基于光谱信息的植被分类方法,继而结合高分辨率影像特有的纹理特征引进局部一致性指数对该方法进行改进,提出结合纹理信息的高分辨率遥感植被分类方法,分类总体精度从仅利用光谱信息的83.16%显著提高到91.89%,Kappa系数达到0.8886。采用Quickbird遥感影像对该方法进行验证,分类总体精度为91.94%,Kappa系数为0.8783,表明该植被分类方法能有效地对植被进行分类与识别,精度较高,且对于不同数据源的植被分类具有一定的普适性,为实现植被的自动化提取提供了理论依据和有效的方法途径。     

基于CNN-GCN双流网络的高分辨率遥感影像场景分类

高分辨率遥感影像具有复杂的几何结构和空间布局,传统的卷积神经网络的方法仅能提取场景图像中的全局特征,忽略了上下文的关系,导致特征的表达能力受限,制约了分类精度提高。针对此问题,本文提出一个面向高分辨率遥感影像场景分类的CNN-GCN双流网络,该算法包含CNN流和GCN流两个模块。CNN流基于预训练DenseNet-121网络提取高分影像的全局特征;而GCN流采用由预训练VGGNet-16网络得到的卷积特征图构建邻接图,再通过GCN模型提取高分影像的上下文特征。最后,通过加权级联的方式有效地融合全局特征和上下文特征并利用线性分类器实现分类。本文选取AID、RSSCN7和NWPU-RESISC45共3个具有挑战性的数据集进行实验,得到的最高分类精度分别是97.14%、95.46%和94.12%,结果表明本文算法能够有效地表征场景并取得具有竞争力的分类结果。     

特征提取策略对高分辨率遥感图像场景分类性能影响的评估

高分辨率遥感图像场景分类方法主要涉及两个环节:特征提取以及特征分类,分类器的设计已经相对成熟,当前工作的重点是特征提取策略的研究。为了进一步推动特征提取策略的研究,将特征提取策略对高分辨率遥感图像场景分类性能的影响进行了定性和定量评估。首先,回顾了高分辨率遥感图像场景分类的发展历程;然后,对现有高分辨率遥感图像场景分类方法的特征提取策略进行分类总结,并从理论上将各类特征提取策略对场景分类性能的影响进行定性评估;最后,在3个规模较大的数据集上对多种特征提取策略进行实验对比,将不同特征提取策略对场景分类性能的影响和各数据集的复杂度进行定量评估。     

祁连山中东段地区断层构造和构造变形特征研究

基于中小地震重新定位结果和震源区应力场等地球物理资料,分析祁连山中东段地区断层构造和构造变形特征。结果表明：1）祁连山中东段地区震源深度主要分布于2~20 km。龙首山断裂震源深度分布呈上宽下窄的倒三角形;门源6.4级地震的余震震源深度为5~15 km,倾向SW;金强河断裂东段地震活动性强,倾向NE,倾角较高;老虎山断裂东段地震活动性强,倾向NE,深部呈近垂直产状。祁连山中东段地区震源深度自西向东递增,推测祁连山东段地区更深部可能已发生构造活动。2）研究区主压应力方向为NE-NEE向。3）沿祁连山中东段地区一系列走滑断裂与前缘逆冲断裂的组合破裂是青藏高原北东向挤出的一种重要的构造变形调节模式。     

高分辨率遥感影像的田间道路识别方法

田间道路是农田建设和管理的重要工程,其走向、宽度及通达性直接影响着农田耕作的便利程度,精准识别田间道路对农田建设效果评估具有重要意义。借助高分辨率遥感影像,本文首先基于分层分类思想,采用面向对象方法对田间道路进行识别;然后引入张量投票法、八邻域断点检测和形态学算法,对田间道路断点进行连接修复,最终得到田间道路识别结果。在河北省定州市典型案例区开展实证分析,田间道路识别的完整率、正确率、质量分别可达91%、74%、69%。