库车坳陷古近系库姆格列木组高精度层序地层分析及其油气勘探意义

库车坳陷古近系库姆格列木组是盆地内重要的含油气层段。本文应用高精度层序地层学的理论和方法，在库车坳陷古近系库姆格列木组地层中划分出3个三级层序、14个四级层序和数十个五级层序(准层序)。四级层序中发育有冲积扇、辫状河、曲流河、辫状河三角洲和滨浅湖等沉积体系，局部地区发育下切水道、干旱盐湖、泻湖—海湾、半深湖、浊流—重力流等沉积。该组下部四级层序：Psk1、Psk5和中上部四级层序Psk7、Psk12等的砂质沉积形成区内的主力储层，主要分布在盆地北—西北缘和东—东南缘，与其上覆的泥岩、膏泥岩形成有利的储盖组合。     

高分辨率遥感图像融合的光谱保真问题

分析高分辨率遥感图像融合光谱失真的原因,利用基于滤波原理的Wavelet、SFIM融合算法和基于统计原理的Gram-schmidt、PCI pansharp模块提供的融合算法对高分辨率遥感图像的代表QuickBird图像进行融合试验。结果表明:这四种融合算法虽都具有很好的光谱保真性,但从光谱保真度和高频信息融入度这两个方面的定量分析来看,基于统计原理的融合方法总体上优于基于滤波原理的融合方法,更适合于QuickBird高分辨率遥感图像的融合。     

基于改进U-Net的海岸线提取方法

遥感影像海陆分割对于海岸线提取及其动态监测具有重要意义。传统的基于光谱特征和图像处理的海岸线识别和提取方法,在面对高分辨率遥感图像复杂的纹理和空间分布时,只能生成具有局限性的图像特征结果,且分割结果准确率不高。本文将深度卷积神经网络应用于高分遥感图像的海陆分割问题,并在经典编码器-解码器结构的基础上进行了创新。首先,为了降低调参难度引入批归一化层,降低了网络对参数的尺度和初始值的敏感度;其次,采用转置卷积代替传统卷积,在模型训练过程中通过梯度递减算法,不断更新参数权值,显著提高语义分割的精度。利用研究区域高分一号遥感图像数据对于人工岸线及自然岸线的分割实验结果显示:相较于经典U-Net与SegNet,改进U-Net网络,对于各种自然岸线和人工岸线具有更低的边界模糊度和更准确的分割结果,对于自然岸线的提取结果,漏检、错检现象较少;对于人工岸线的提取具有更大的感受野,能够提取岸线的空间结构信息,避免误分类。面对日益丰富的高分辨率的遥感影像数据源,基于改进U-Net的海岸线提取,能更好地保留边界信息且具备更优的语义分割效果,可以更为准确地挖掘高分遥感影像的空间分布特征、纹理特征以及光谱特征,...     

双差定位法在三峡库区地震定位中的应用

基于三峡地震台网2003年5月19日至2005年8月的地震记录资料,用双差定位法对发生于三峡库区(30.5°～31.5°N、109.5°～111.5°E)的1676次地震进行了重新定位。重新定位后的地震最大偏移量为10.93km,最小为0.08km,平均偏移量为1.87km,平均震源深度为6.59km。     

大兴安岭隆起北段最小一维速度模型反演和地震重新定位

使用2009-01-01～2017-03-30内蒙古地震台网和邻省台网记录的大兴安岭北段地区593个天然地震的3 848条P波到时数据,应用VELEST方法反演大兴安岭北段地壳一维P波速度模型、台站走时校正值和重新定位结果。联合反演获得的台站走时校正值反映了地壳速度的横向不均匀性及台站下方波速异常,大兴安岭北段东南侧速度高于西北侧;重新定位结果中,震中位置在空间上更加收敛;震源深度剖面图显示,大兴安岭北段西北侧震源深度较浅,东南侧较深,大兴安岭山脊区域震源深度分布下限较深。     

A RESTUDY OF THE SEISMOGENIC FAULTS OF THE 2014 LUDIAN MS6.5 EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE

Differently from the existing studies, about 210 days of the original seismic recordings since the Ludian M_S6.5 earthquake are collected from almost all of the nearby stations, and a velocity model and a non-linear location technique are specially selected, in order to relocate the sources of the earthquake sequences. What is more, the same model as used in determining the absolute locations is adopted as the DD technique is used to determine their relative locations. Then the strikes and dips of the seismogenic faults are estimated by linearly fitting the source locations, and finally a new explanation is proposed for the sequence formation. It is shown that the sequence may be divided into 4 sub-areas spatially, each of which corresponds to a nearly vertical fault with but different dimensions and striking azimuths, and that two of them are relatively larger and linked with each other, being the main faults of the sequence, and two others are relatively smaller and separated away from the main faults. These 4 faults, together with the local existing faults, form a radiating-shaped structure reflecting the complicated tectonics, which is very likely to be related with the density variation in lower crust.     

改进高分辨率遥感影像测量断裂错动空间尺度的探讨研究

为避免在进行高空遥感影像活动断裂空间尺度测量分析时采用较多的外业控制点,降低测量过程的繁琐性,提高测量精准度,提出利用空中三角测量的遥感影像空间定位方法。通过有理多项式系数模型精准表示平面坐标系中相应像点和地面点三维空间坐标之间的数学关系,选取活动断裂区域中重叠率较高（概率较高）的控制点,忽略其他控制点以减少外业控制点的需求量;以控制点地面坐标、像点坐标作为已知值,将活动断裂区域的地面坐标以及可以精确表达卫星影像物方的几何旋转关系的定向参数作为待定量,根据有理多项式系数模型的误差方程,以最小二乘为准则确定活动断裂区域的地面坐标,定位区域遥感图像主要活动断裂解译标志包括线性标志、垂直错动和水平错动标志;依据不同标志中的两侧色调反差、阴影色调以及扭曲变形程度,将活动断裂的活动性分成强、中、弱三个等级,实现对断裂空间尺度的分析。实验结果表明,该方法测量的空间尺度精准性较高,解译和判断的断层形态与实际相符。     

2017年米林6.9级地震序列双差定位分析

使用双差定位法对2017年11月18日米林6.9级地震和余震进行重新定位,得到691个地震定位结果,发现：①余震序列分布更加集中,地震序列震中呈NW-SE向分布,与雅鲁藏布江断裂在NE向构造转弯处的走向基本一致;②地震序列的震源深度主要分布在5-15 km,东南侧地震数量较少,震源深度相对较深,西北侧地震数量较多,震源深度较浅。     

2002年4月22日临城—隆尧交界MS 4.8地震重新定位

收集2002年4月22日临城—隆尧交界处M_S 4.8地震震中周围120 km以内地震台站记录,利用Hyposat定位方法重新定位,获得发震时刻为2002年4月22日03:34:39.02,震中位置为（37.40°N,114.57°E）,震源深度为11.8 km。结合该地震现场考察报告,发现此次地震重定位结果可靠性较高。     

The response of vegetation cover and dune activity to rainfall,drought and fire observed by multitemporal satellite imagery

The stable longitudinal dunes in the northern Simpson Desert, Australia, were observed in satellite imagery to become more active after vegetation cover was reduced by fire and drought. Subsequent rainfall events also resulted in significant vegetation regrowth and dune stabilization. These switches between more active and stable conditions have not been previously described in the largely vegetated dune fields of central Australia. The observations, made on 12 dune sites, relied on high spatial resolution satellite imagery to observe dune crest activity, and seasonal Landsat fractional cover imagery to observe vegetation cover changes. The non-photosynthetic vegetation (NPV) component of the fractional vegetation cover images revealed significant changes in hummock grass cover on the dunes between 1988 and 2018, with a positive relationship with the three-year cumulative rainfall, disrupted by two periods of patchy burning. Only those sites that had burnt became active, and only after vegetation cover had remained low (NPV < 16%) during the ‘Millennium Drought’. There is no threshold in vegetation cover, below which dune crests become active, but active dune features require four-years of low NPV cover (< 16%) to develop. The large rainfall event that ended the drought increased NPV cover, stabilizing the dunes. Similar hummock grass covered dunes are present across large areas of the arid zone, and are likely to respond in similar ways, given that fire and drought are common occurrences in Australia. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.