Rayleigh-Wave Dispersive Energy Imaging Using a High-Resolution Linear Radon Transform

Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) analysis is an efficient tool to obtain the vertical shear-wave profile. One of the key steps in the MASW method is to generate an image of dispersive energy in the frequency-velocity domain, so dispersion curves can be determined by picking peaks of dispersion energy. In this paper, we propose to image Rayleigh-wave dispersive energy by high-resolution linear Radon transform (LRT). The shot gather is first transformed along the time direction to the frequency domain and then the Rayleigh-wave dispersive energy can be imaged by high-resolution LRT using a weighted preconditioned conjugate gradient algorithm. Synthetic data with a set of linear events are presented to show the process of generating dispersive energy. Results of synthetic and real-world examples demonstrate that, compared with the slant stacking algorithm, high-resolution LRT can improve the resolution of images of dispersion energy by more than 50%.     

Stress Rotation in the Kachchh Rift Zone, Gujarat, India

Double difference relocations of the 1402 Kachchh events (2001–2006) clearly delineate two fault zones viz. south-dipping North Wagad fault (NWF) and almost vertical Gedi fault (GF). The relocated focal depths delineate a marked variation of 4 and 7 km in the brittle-ductile transition depths beneath GF and NWF, respectively. The focal mechanism solutions of 464 aftershocks (using 8–12 first motions) show that the focal mechanisms ranged between pure reverse and pure strike-slip except for a few pure dip-slip solutions. The stress inversions performed for five rectangular zones across the Kachchh rift reveal both clockwise and anticlockwise rotation (7–32°) in the σ₁ orientation within the rupture zone, favoring a heterogeneous stress regime with an average N-S fault normal compression. This rotation may be attributed to the presence of crustal mafic intrusives (5–35 km depth) in the rupture zone of the 2001 Bhuj main shock. Results suggest a relatively homogeneous stress regime in the GF zone favoring strike-slip motion, with a fault normal N-S compression.     

面向对象的高分辨率遥感影像分割分类评价指标

由于总体精度或Kappa系数的遥感影像分割/分类评价指标,对影像分割图斑的几何形状等真实结构未能有效刻画,不能有效体现面向对象处理中边缘像元的真实分割/分类效果。本文基于分割对象的几何结构,提出了5个面向对象的高分辨率遥感影像分割/分类精度评价指标:过分割、欠分割、边缘匹配、分割块数,以及形状误差,并在IDL平台实现了一个面向对象影像分析与评价的原型系统。通过对福州市QuickBird影像的Meanshift分割评价,证实了其指标能够刻画出分割对象的深层结构,并符合地物对象分割/分类的真实分布。实验还表明,该评价指标在确定分割算法的参数方面具有重要的应用价值。     

A rupture blank zone in middle south part of Longmenshan Faults: Effect after Lushan M s7.0 earthquake of 20 April 2013 in Sichuan,China

On April 20, 2013, the Lushan Ms7.0 earthquake struck at the southern part of the Longmenshan fault in the eastern Tibetan Plateau, China. The shear-wave splitting in the crust indicates a connection between the direction of the principal crustal compressive stress and the fault orientation in the Longmenshan fault zone. Our relocation analysis of the aftershocks of the Lushan earthquake shows a gap between the location of the rupture zone of the Lushan Ms7.0 earthquake and that of the rupture zone of the Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake. We believe that stress levels in the crust at the rupture gap and its vicinity should be monitored in the immediate future. We suggest using controlled source borehole measurements for this purpose.     

The April–June 2007 Trichonis Lake earthquake swarm (W. Greece): New implications toward the causative fault zone

On 10 April 2007, three moderate earthquakes with M_w = 4.9–5.1 occurred in the vicinity of Trichonis Lake (W. Greece). A local network composed of 12 three-component digital seismographs was installed in the epicentral area and recorded more than 1600 events. The double-difference algorithm HYPODD, incorporating both catalog and waveform cross-correlation differential travel-time data, was applied for the successful relocation of 1490 earthquakes. The latter led to the distinction of a main NW-SE trending and NE-dipping zone, as well as of three neighboring faults; a conjugate NW-SE striking and SW-dipping marginal fault mapped along the northeastern flanks of the lake; a E-W trending and south-dipping low-angle normal fault, possibly related to the major Agrinio Fault Zone (AFZ), parallel to the northern bank of the lake; a NE-SW striking and NW-dipping normal fault, likely related to a segment of the active Evinos fault, located south of the lake. Calculation of the Coulomb stress induced by the combination of the 1975 M_w = 6.0 event and the three largest events of 10 April 2007 on the inferred structures, reveals that most of the seismicity lies within the “stress-loaded” region, except for the westernmost activity, which probably belongs to the deep part of the AFZ. A total of 178 reliable focal mechanisms were determined by regional and local body-wave modeling (5 largest events) and P-wave first motion polarity data. The types of the obtained focal mechanisms are predominantly normal and strike-slip, however, numerous earthquakes were found to exhibit reverse faulting. Inversion of focal mechanism data showed that the prevailing principal horizontal component σ₃ is quite homogeneous throughout the activated area with a roughly NW-SE trend, parallel to the strike of the Hellenides. On the contrary, the compressional field σ₁ appears in two patterns: NE-SW trending onshore and NW-SE trending beneath the lake. This apparent rotation of σ₁ by 90° reveals a complex system enclosed by the suggested NW-SE trending antithetic faults in depths between 7 and 9 km. The calculated stress ratios beneath the lake imply that vertical forces are close to the overburden pressure. The overall inferred stress pattern is rather linked to topographic variations, locally imposing increase or decrease of the vertical forces. The presence of the water in the lake possibly plays an additional important role, penetrating through the bedrock, reducing the friction coefficient, while the pore pressure and, consequently, the effective stress increase. Thus, shearing along mature fractures is enhanced, likely yielding the observed diversity.     

2014年云南鲁甸6.5级地震序列重定位研究

利用云南省测震台网的连续波形数据及震相报告,使用川滇三维速度结构对2014年云南鲁甸6.5级地震进行重新定位,并使用双差定位方法对2014年8月3～13日期间的地震序列进行重定位,共获得882次地震的定位结果,定位残差由0.59 s下降为0.33 s,定位精度得到改善.结果表明,余震分布明显呈现两个优势方向,分别为NNW向及NEE向分支,NNW向分支为主要的余震分布区域,与包谷垴—小河断裂相近,其东南端很有可能跨过昭通—鲁甸断裂,展布长度约15 km.结合地质等方面资料,认为本次地震的发震断层应为包谷垴—小河断裂,主破裂区应为NNW向分支展布区域,且序列分布的南端和东侧区域可能存在危险性.     

1947年西藏朗县东南M7．7大地震震源参数复核

收集全球纪录的1947年7月29日,中国西藏朗县东南M7．7大地震的观测数据,分别利用中国国家地震台网和国际地震中心 ISC（International Seismological Center）的定位方法及技术重新测定。所定震中在里龙断裂带附近,经过比较分析,首选中国国家地震台网的定位方法测定结果。在此基础上,重新计算其震源机制解,和当地的里龙断裂走向一致,修订的震源位置也在该断裂上,表明里龙断裂可能是其发震断裂。     

2014年8月3日云南鲁甸MS6.5级地震序列重定位与震源机制研究

本研究采用双差定位法对2014年 8月3日至7日期间鲁甸M_S6.5级主震及647个余震序列进行重新定位,得到471个重定位结果.结果显示,主震的震源深度为13.3 km,与破裂过程显示的初始破裂深度较为接近,余震序列呈现出近东西向-北西向的不对称共轭状分布,近东西向长约17 km,而北西向长约22 km,小震优势分布深度为10 km以上,且由主震处沿共轭断层分别向东南向和近东西向逐渐往10 km深度以上的浅部迁移.小震分布还展示出发震断层高倾角分布,且与昭通-鲁甸断裂分支断裂包谷垴-小河断裂活动相关.由于主震破裂的质心深度可为深入认识本次地震灾害严重提供重要证据,为此我们采用gCAP（generalized Cut And Paste）方法反演了包括主震在内共5个4.0级以上地震的震源机制解,结果显示主震质心深度仅约5.0 km,与已有破裂过程显示的较大滑移量处于2~8 km之间的深度一致.本次主震错断了互为共轭的两条断裂,这种共轭破裂模式与矩心深度较浅,可能为本次地震致灾严重的重要原因.     

利用IKONOS影像生产1:10 000测绘产品

本文简要介绍了IKONOS卫星遥感影像适用于生产测绘产品的特点,总结了利用IKONOS影像进行1∶10 000测绘产品生产试验的主要结论,分析了利用IKONOS影像作为数据源实际生产1∶10 000测绘产品的情况。     

The Most Complete Sequence of Telychian Graptolite Zones in the World

This paper divides the Telychian into 7 graptolite zones, 12 subzones and 4 chitinoans in the Ziyangregion, China. The zones and subzones of England are almost totally suitable for the case of Ziyang in China, though they are 10000 km apart. All the above-mentioned biozones are found only in a unitary continuous section in Ziyang. It has been proved that the Ziyang section is the one with the most complete sequence of Telychian graptolite biozones in the world.