基于不同降水产品的WRF-Hydro模式径流模拟——以漳河流域为例

以漳河流域为研究区域,以CMORPH卫星-地面自动站-雷达三源降水融合数据和ERA5再分析降水资料为WRF-Hydro模式的输入,进行径流模拟,对比分析模拟径流与实测径流的差异,探讨基于两种降水数据的WRF-Hydro模式在漳河流域的径流模拟效果。结果表明:三源降水融合数据的径流模拟效果较优,纳什系数均达到0.7以上,模拟径流与实测径流过程吻合较好;采用三源降水融合数据和ERA5再分析降水资料率定WRF-Hydro模式,以ERA5再分析降水资料为输入,径流模拟结果都不佳;总体而言,三源降水融合数据与WRF-Hydro模式耦合能够较好地模拟漳河流域径流过程。      

高分辨率全极化合成孔径雷达数据海冰二次分类方法研究

随着高分辨率全极化合成孔径雷达(synthetic aperture radar, SAR)影像的大量出现, 传统分类方法因所得分类结果中包含斑点噪声, 导致分类精度大大降低, 因而利用基于伴生关系的二次分类方法对辽东湾RADARSAT-2卫星的海冰SAR影像进行分类, 并将所得分类结果与专家解译分类结果和经典的基于H-α分解的Wishart监督分类结果进行对比, 证明本方法可以消除斑点噪声的影响, 同时具有较好的视觉效果和较高的分类精度。     

Geometric Integration of Aerial and QuickBird Imagery for High Accuracy Geopositioning and Mapping Application: A Case Study in Shanghai

This paper explores the geometric performance of integration of aerial and QuickBird images. Different integration scenarios with different bias compensation schemes in the image space were studied, and the results showed that the introduction of the aerial images can improve the geopositioning accuracy of the QuickBird images to close to the aerial pixel level. In addition, methods of correcting biases in the object space were tested, and the results revealed the disadvantage of the bias compensation in the object space. An experiment was conducted for mapping ground objects such as inland rivers, buildings, and roads using the proposed integration method.     

2009年陕西高陵ML4.8地震震源参数及构造特征分析

利用双差定位法对2009-11-05陕西高陵M_L4.8地震及其余震序列进行重定位研究,并采用CAP方法求解主震震源机制解,根据所得结果综合分析地震构造特征。结果表明,高陵地震序列主震深度约为6 km,余震主要分布在2~12 km深度范围内,地震序列在平面上呈簇状分布,在深度上大致呈垂直分布;主震震源机制解节面Ⅰ走向103°,倾角61°,滑动角-74°;节面Ⅱ走向252.40°,倾角32.78°,滑动角-116.44°;最佳矩心深度为7 km,矩震级近似为4.2级,P轴方向为北东方向;主震为正断兼少量走滑特征。综合分析认为,渭河断裂与渭南-泾阳断裂交会处为重要的地震潜在地段。     

基于高分辨率SAR影像的上海临港新城沉降格局分析

上海临港新城是通过围垦造地工程建设而成,特殊的地质条件和地理位置,使其地质环境变化备受关注。而建立和完善该新城的水准测量网需要定时间,且基于点的水准监测难以获得区域沉降情况。时间序列InSAR方法可通过空间信息实施大范围监测,对于此类海塘新区的地面沉降监测具有独特优势。本文处理和分析了11景TerraSAR-X影像,并与之前的研究成果进行分析。实验结果表明,临港新城的沉降情况与围垦成陆的建设施工时序密切相关,九四塘以西的老冲填土区已趋于稳定,并有回弹趋势;九四塘以东的新冲填土区形变量较大,沉降速率近35mm／a。利用14个水准点的监测数据进行验证,其平均误差为1510mm、中误差为2016,说明该方法可以满足城市形变监测的需求。     

应用时间序列InSAR技术监测上海磁悬浮列车专线形变

新代高分辨军、短重访周期SAR卫星的发射运行,使得InSAR技术不仅能满足大范围地表沉降监测的数据需求,还可以监测到大型人工线状地物的形变,使得对短周期微小形变的监测和预警成为可能。本文以上海市在运营的磁悬浮列车专线为研究对象,利用时间序列分析方法对20112~F9月～2012年10月期间的15景TenaSAR-X数据进行了处理和分析,实验结果表明高分辨军SAR数据可以用于公共交通设施微小形变的监测,在公共安全领域具有广阔的应用前景。     

高分辨率遥感影像目标形状特征多尺度描述与识别

在高分遥感影像中,同类地物目标形状具有多样性,单一尺度或单一形状模版不足以描述同类目标的形状。本文利用小波变换和Fourier描述子构建了一种目标形状的多尺度描述模型,并基于该模型给出了一种新的面向对象的高分遥感影像目标识别方法。从上到下,该模型采用尺度依次减小的小波近似系数对原始形状进行近似表示,并利用Fourier描述子对其进行定量描述。利用语义规则综合考虑多个尺度下的识别结果,得到最终识别结果,减小小尺度下分割目标破碎和大尺度下小目标无法识别造成的影响,提高识别精度。基于本文方法分别对高分遥感影像中的飞机和建筑物进行识别,对比实验表明,该方法具有较高识别精度。     

Practical finite analytic methods for simulation of advection-dominated solute transport

Abstract

The practical finite-analytic (PFA) method was applied to the solution of the one-dimensional advection–dispersion equation (ADE) for solute transport in porous media under advection-dominated (high Peclet number, Pe) conditions. Several PFA spatial-temporal computational molecules were developed for Cauchy and pulse loading boundary conditions. The PFA solutions were compared with solutions from the upwind method and quadratic upwind differencing (QUICK) scheme. For all boundary conditions the trapezoidal explicit PFA (EPFA) computational molecule gave the most accurate results at very high Pe number as long as the Courant number (Cr) was close to one. Stability analysis shows that the PFA molecules are always stable for high Pe number.     

A Relocation-based Initialization Scheme to Improve Track-forecasting of Tropical Cyclones简

A relocation procedure to initialize tropical cyclones was developed to improve the representation of the initial conditions and the track forecast for Panasonic Weather Solutions Tropical Operational Forecasts. This scheme separates the vortex perturbation and environment field from the first guess, then relocates the initial vortex perturbations to Lhe observed position by merging them with the environment field. The relationships of wind vector components with stream function and velocity potential are used for separating the vortex disturbance from first guess. For the separation of scalars, a low-pass Barnes filter is employed. The irregular-shaped relocation area corresponding to the specific initial conditions is determined by mapping the edge of the vortex radius in 36 directions.Then, the non-vortex perturbations in the relocation area are removed by a two-pass Barnes filter to retain the vortex perturbations, while the variable fields outside the perimeter of the modified vortex are kept ide.ntical to the original first guess. The potential impacts of this scheme on track forecasts were examined for three hurricane cases in the 2011-12 hurricane season. The experimental results demonstrate that the initialization scheme is able to effectively separate the vortex field from the environment field and maintain a relatively balanced and accurate relocated first guess. As the initial track error is reduced, the following track forecasts are considerably improved. The 72-h average track forecast error was redu,~ed by 32.6% for the cold-start cases, and by 38.4% when using the full-cycling data assimilation because of the accumulatedL improvements from the initialization scheme.     

晋冀豫交界地区地壳三维速度结构与地震分布特征

利用区域双差层析成像方法,基于2008年10月—2018年6月近震资料,对晋冀豫交界地区记录到的地震事件进行震源位置与P波、S波三维速度结构的联合反演。重新定位后,地震空间位置得到明显改善,浅部的速度结构与地形及沉积层厚度对应较好,研究区内控制性断裂和地震多分布在太行山隆起区的高、低速变化梯级带上。对比分析研究区内不同构造单元及同一构造单元不同深度的P、S波速度异常特征及其与中小地震和历史强震的分布关系,结合研究区内历史强震和现今中、小震分析发震构造及深部孕震环境,为该区未来强震危险区判定提供科学依据。