面向对象的城市土地利用分类

利用面向对象的信息提取技术,以高分辨率的广州市QuckBird影像为例,将城市用地分为：居民地、水体、道路、林地和农业用地等5类,并将其与传统基于像素光谱信息的分类方法进行了比较。结果表明：视觉上,面向对象的分类方法克服了传统方法无法克服的“椒盐”噪声的影响;精度上,面向对象信息提取技术的总体精度高达89．53％,比传统方法提高了11％;并且各类地物信息的提取精度均有所提高,其中林地、道路的精度有了较大提高。     

自适应滤波的高分辨率遥感影像薄云去除算法

本文在借鉴遥感影像云雾去除相关研究基础上,提出了一种自适应滤波和非线性灰度变换的高分辨率遥感影像薄云雾消除方法,并与现有的几种效果较好的去云雾方法进行了对比研究。结果表明,本文提出的方法不仅能够有效降低薄云雾遮挡干扰影响,而且可以很好地保持原始影像真实的光谱特性,同时针对不同波段地物光谱特性做相应的灰度变换和融合处理,能够在很大程度上减少遥感影像的细节信息的丢失和保持图像的清晰度,是一种有效去除薄云雾覆盖的方法。     

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荣昌及邻区上地壳三维地壳速度结构

经中国地震台网中心测定,北京时间2016年12月27日8时17分,重庆荣昌区发生MS 4.9地震,震中位于四川盆地东缘华蓥山基底断裂系中北段.该区域历史地震活动性较弱,20世纪80年代末,受天然气田废水回注影响,4.0级地震频发,截至2020年12月,已发生14次MS≥4.0地震.中等地震频发,被认为是人为注水使得中等...     

城市行政中心迁移的经济效应评估与作用机制分析——以青岛市为例

城市行政中心迁移是地方政府进行空间治理的重要手段,对城市经济发展具有深远的影响。论文以青岛市为案例,选取1988—2010年城市面板数据,采用合成控制法探究城市行政中心迁移的经济效应并分析背后的作用机制。结果表明：(1)城市行政中心迁移可以提高以GDP对数值为衡量单位的城市经济效益,但经济增长效应具有滞后性;(2)青岛城市行政中心迁移后,城市经济在短期内仍有惯性表现,城市行政中心迁移的经济增长效应在政策实施的第6年开始显现,整个城市的经济发展阶段可分为投资建设、缓慢增长、快速增长和趋于稳定4个阶段;(3)青岛城市行政中心迁移所带来的经济增长效应可以从政府引导效应、投资驱动效应和要素驱动效应3个方面去理解。研究不仅证明了城市行政中心迁移对城市经济的促进效应,也为地方政府评估行政中心迁移方案提供了重要参考。     

樊家川油田河流相储层高分辨率层序地层特征

针对河流相储层标志层缺乏、砂体叠置掘蚀严重、难以精细等时对比的难点，应用基准面旋回原理，重点解剖典型取心井及其测井响应模式，将樊家川油田主要含油层系中侏罗世延安组Y8～Y10油组划分为7个短期、3个中期、2个长期基准面旋回层序，对应于不同级次的储层成因单元，同时建立以中期旋回为年代地层格架。短期旋回为等时地层对比单元的层序地层格架，对河流相多期叠覆储层进行了精细等时划分与对比，详细分析了河流相储层短期基准面旋回类型及其叠加式样。探讨了各级基准面旋回对储层分布的控制作用。     

若尔盖地区地壳三维体波速度结构研究

利用双差层析成像方法反演若尔盖地区三维速度结构,得到该地区的精细三维速度结构和高精度震源位置参数.反演结果显示,研究区速度结构整体呈低速状态,反映出青藏高原内部具有部分熔融物质特性;在青藏高原东北缘地区,强烈的构造变形特征以及低速区蔓延方向印证了青藏高原内部物质向东南方向流溢的科学推测;低速青藏高原板块与相对较硬的若尔...     

测井高分辨率层序地层对比在苏里格气田S井区盒8段中的应用

苏里格气田S井区单砂体的空间分布复杂,进一步高效开发气藏难度较大。基于S井区的区域地质、沉积相、测井、钻井、岩心资料,以Cross高分辨率层序地层学理论及其技术方法为指导,采用多级旋回层序划分方案,结合测井相分析技术,对苏里格气田S井区下的石盒子组盒8段,进行了高分辨率层序地层学及测井相研究。通过精细划分和对比,共识别出二个长期、四个中期和十一个短期基准面旋回层序,建立了区内高分辨率地层对比格架。上述沉积相划分和小层对比格架的建立,加深了对S井区砂体纵横向展布规律的认识,为合理制订下一步滚动勘探开发方案提供了地质依据。     

准噶尔盆地南缘郝家沟剖面下侏罗统三工河组辫状河三角洲沉积特征

对准噶尔南缘郝家沟剖面下侏罗统三工河组的沉积相与层序地层特征进行了详细的研究,确认三工河组发育辫状河三角洲沉积。辫状河三角洲包括辫状河三角洲平原亚相、辫状河三角洲前缘亚相和前辫状河三角洲亚相。辫状河三角洲前缘亚相又可进一步划分为水下分流河道、水下分流河道间、席状砂和河口坝等微相类型。三工河组辫状河三角洲沉积除一些层位的辫状河道沉积物颗粒较粗外,主体沉积物以砂岩、粉砂岩和泥岩为主,为砂质辫状河三角洲。运用高分辨率层序地层学基准面旋回划分原理,将三工河组划分为2个中期基准面旋回,下部中期基准面旋回又可划分为4个短期基准面旋回,上部中期基准面旋回发育不完整。     

Recent advances on reconstruction of climate and extreme events in China for the past 2000 years

China is distinguished by a prominent monsoonal climate in the east of the country, a continental arid climate in the northwest and a highland cold climate on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Because of the long history of Chinese civilization, there are abundant and well-dated documentary records for climate variation over the whole of the country as well as many natural archives (e.g., tree-rings, ice cores, stalagmites, varved lake sediments and corals) that enable high-resolution paleoclimatic reconstruction. In this paper, we review recent advances in the reconstruction of climate and extreme events over the last 2000 years in China. In the last 10 years, many new reconstructions, based on multi-proxies with wide spatial coverage, have been published in China. These reconstructions enable us to understand the characteristics of climate change across the country as well as the uncertainties of regional reconstructions. Synthesized reconstructed temperature results show that warm intervals over the last 2000 years occurred in AD 1–200, AD 551–760, AD 951–1320, and after AD 1921, and also show that cold intervals were in AD 201–350, AD 441–530, AD 781–950, and AD 1321–1920. Extreme cold winters, seen between 1500 and 1900, were more frequent than those after 1950. The intensity of regional heat waves, in the context of recent global warming, may not in fact exceed natural climate variability seen over the last 2000 years. In the eastern monsoonal region of China, decadal, multi-decadal and centennial oscillations are seen in rainfall variability. While the ensemble mean for drought/flood spatial patterns across all cold periods shows a meridional distribution, there is a tri-pole pattern with respect to droughts south of 25°N, floods between 25° and 30°N, and droughts north of 30°N for all warm periods. Data show that extreme drought events were most frequent in the periods AD 301–400, AD 751–800, AD 1051–1150, AD 1501–1550, and AD 1601–1650, while extreme flood events were frequent in the periods AD 101–150, AD 251–300, AD 951–1000, AD 1701–1750, AD 1801–1850, and AD 1901–1950. Between AD 1551–1600, extreme droughts and flood events occurred frequently. In arid northwest China, climate was characterized by dry conditions in AD 1000–1350, wet conditions in AD 1500–1850, and has tended to be wet over recent decades. On the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, centennial-scale oscillations in precipitation have occurred over the last 1000 years, interrupted by several multi-decadal-scale severe drought events. Of these, the most severe were in the 1480s and 1710s. In southwest China, extreme droughts as severe as those seen in Sichuan and Chongqing in 2006 are known to have occurred during historical times.