铀成矿作用、核废物地球化学处置与吸附作用的关系

在不同类型的工业铀矿床的矿石中,吸附状态的铀占了很大的比重,铁钛氢氧化物、硅胶、粘土、有机质等是常见的主要吸附剂。本文利用朗缪尔等温式、弗仑德里奇等温式、D-R等温式,讨论了粘土矿物(主要是高岭土、蒙脱石)对溶液中铀的吸附作用,对吸附作用在铀成矿作用、核废物处置中的意义作了详细的讨论,认为吸附作用是一种重要的成矿作用。     

Dating of mine waste in lacustrine sediments using cesium-137

For over a century Medicine Lake in northern Idaho has received heavy-metal-laden tailings from the Coeur d'Alene mining district. Establishing the depositional chronology of the lake bottom sediments provides information on the source and rate of deposition of the tailings. Cesium-137, an isotope produced in the atmosphere by nuclear bomb tests, was virtually absent in the environment prior to 1951, but reached its apex in 1964. Our analysis of cesium-137 in the sediments of Medicine Lake revealed that 14 cm of fine-grained tailings were deposited in the lake from 1951 to 1964 and tailing deposition downstream was greatly reduced by the installation of tailings dams in the district in 1968. Cesium-137 analysis is accomplished by a fairly simple gamma-ray counting technique and should be a valuable tool for analyzing sedimentation in any lacustrine environment that was active during the 1950s and 1960s.     

核废物处置试验场环境地质研究综述

介绍了国外核废物处理试验场有关环境地质研究现状与进展。据核废物的放射性不同，目前或未来处置的方式不一样：中－低放射性废物（ＩＬＷ－ＬＬＷ）一般采用浅层处置，多置于粘土层或沉积岩层中；高放射性废物（ＨＬＷ）一般通过竖井或平巷处置于深部的花岗岩或岩盐中。根据母岩的类别不同，本文分花岗岩、岩盐、粘土及其它四部分，对不同的试验场的研究计划、内容、方法、进展等进行了评述。     

国土卫星影像应用研究——京津唐地区资源与环境综合分析

本文利用国土卫星影像就京津唐地区的自然资源与环境调查进行了多学科综合应用和高层次专题制图的研究。在研究中,对影像的基本特性、质量和使用的技术指标作了较系统的分析,并按其精度、使用程度和效果等提出了评价。同时对国土卫星像片的几何配准,运用多项式与有限元法相结合的原理,进行了计算机和光学处理的对比研究。 本区资源与环境的遥感调查应用,主要是运用遥感地学原理,分析水文下垫面要素,划分水文环境类型,计算其产水量;分析非农业用地与总土地及其它用地的比例关系,探索土地利用类型结构的地域差异规律;农业低产地环境及其数量、质量特征的研究;综合调查森林资源,包括宜林地的生态环境、立地条件及宜林树种的生态与经济特性;以及以北京为中心的京津唐旅游圈及功能分区,矿产资源的赋存机制,区域地壳稳定性及区内近一万年来的自然环境的演化规律及其与国土整治、规划和城镇建设的关系等进行了多元综合研究。同时编制了一套高层次专题图件,并量算了各种资源数据。     

铀矿层真实厚度的确定和最佳测井点距

本文讨论了最佳测井点距的选择原理,其最佳值大致为8-12.5cm.并从原理上分析了矿层解释厚度增大的主要原因:根据离散测量值所作的分层解释结果必然导致矿层解释厚度的增大.大量的模型测量结果完全证实了理论分析的正确性,并且还提出了合适的解决办法.     

The management of sewage sludge by the water industry in England and Wales

Summary The legislative framework within which the disposal of sewage sludge is managed in England and Wales and the methods employed are outlined. Those factors which affect management decisions are analysed and consideration is given to the environmental implications of those decisions. Sewage processes and sludge disposal are considered, and the problems, especially those of heavy metal contamination, are addressed. An indication is given as to how the Water Services Companies are likely to implement the more stringent controls on disposal. Finally, the future of sludge management in England and Wales is discussed.Abbreviations BAT Best available technology - BATNEEC Best available technology not entailing excessive cost - BOD₅ Biochemical oxygen demand - BPEO Best practicable environmental option - CBI Confederation of British Industry - CEST Centre for Exploitation of Science and Technology - COD Chemical oxygen demand - CSC Customer Services Committee - DAF Dissolved air flotation - DG Director General - DoE Department of the Environment - DS Dried solids     

诸广花岗岩体放射性水异常的某些特征

本文以寻找铀矿为目的,在该岩体140Km~2面积上进行水化学普查,发现水异常370个,其特征为:若异常多且成片出现,则预示着有单个矿体规模不大的矿体群存在;条带状展布的水异常预示着存在方向相同的矿化带;阻水阻气构造带近旁之异常预示水源上方存在矿化;水温偏高之水异常与矿化关系密切;与矿化有关的多为铀—氡混合异常;大构造处之水异常并不表示此构造存在矿化,面往往是在其附近次一级构造中成矿.     

甘肃西部地区高放废物处置库场址预选调查

本文根据高放废物处置库场址选择的基本要求，对区域地质及深部构造特征、新构造运动及地震分布规律进行了调查，确定北山南带地区为稳定区。在稳定区内根据处置库有利围岩的出露情况，结合岩体工程地质特征分析，初步选出了４个以花岗岩为主体的场址预选区。经综合分析，认为在４个场址预选区中，以Ｉ号预选区的条件最优，其次是Ⅱ号预选区，再次是Ⅲ号和Ⅳ号预选区。场址区的最后确定尚待进一步调查和论证。     

放射性测量技术在油气勘查中的应用

本文介绍的油气勘查中的放射性测量，是一种油气普查新方法。它是利用油田上出现的负异常（或叫偏低场），反映了油气田的大体轮廓的基本原理进行的。前人及作者都取得了一定的工作成果。虽然取得了初步效果，但对机理等问题仍需进一步研究和完善。     

Emission of aliphatic amines from animal husbandry and their reactions: Potential source of N2O and HCN

We measured the emissions of volatile aliphatic amines and ammonia produced by the manure of beef cattle, dairy cows, swine, laying hens and horses in livestock buildings. The amine emissions consisted almost exclusively of the three methylamines and correlated with those of ammonia. The molar emission ratios of the methylamines to ammonia, and data on NH₃ emissions from animal husbandry in Europe, together with global statistics on domestic animals, were used to estimate the global emissions of amines. Annual global methylamine-N input to the atmosphere from animal husbandry in 1988 was 0.15±0.06 TgN (Tg=10¹² g). Almost 3/4 of these emissions consisted of trimethylamine-N. This represents about half of all methylamine emissions to the atmosphere. Other sources are marine coastal waters and biomass burning.Possible reaction pathways for atmospheric methylamines are shown. Among various speculative but possible products N₂O and HCN are of interest because the emission of methylamines could contribute to the global budgets of these compounds. Maximum atmospheric N₂O production from methylamines are below 0.4 Tg N/year, which is less than 10% of the annual N₂O growth rate. Although we do not expect the methylamine emissions to contribute in a major way to the atmospheric N₂O budget, more studies are needed to establish this conclusion beyond doubt. Similar conclusions hold for HCN.