区域气候变化脆弱性综合评估研究进展

区域脆弱性评估为脆弱性地区农户摆脱贫困、区域持续发展和政府制定适应策略提供科学依据.由于区域内部人地系统的复杂性,区域的脆弱性定量评估较为困难.中国脆弱性研究起步较晚,关注较早的是脆弱性区域的分布,但对区域内脆弱人群的脆弱性研究较少,认识上的不足影响了国家和地方政府制定科学的适应政策和措施.本文介绍了对脆弱性的认识,梳...     

良渚时期文化发展与海平面变化

浙沪苏地区良渚考古资料和海平面变化研究表明,良渚文化的兴、盛、衰与5.5-4 ka B.P.期间海平面升降密切关联。5.5-4.9 ka B.P.,浙沪苏地区海平面处于高海面之后的急剧下降期,降幅约3.9 m,陆地生存空间扩大,加之气候温暖,良渚文化开始兴起,良渚人择高地而居,盛行干栏式建筑,遗址分布相对分散,从事稻作农业生产。4.9-4.3 ka B.P.,浙沪苏地区进入低海面时期,良渚文化发展达到鼎盛,遗址数量增多,分布相对集中,并向外围地区扩展。此时气候干凉,水井大量出现、盛行地面建筑、稻作农业和手工业发展,社会等级分化,揭示出低海面促进了良渚文化的繁荣。4.3-4 ka B.P.,海平面回升,渐渐进入又一高海面时期,良渚先民生存空间缩小,文化分布范围相对压缩,且以台墩和坡地建筑为主,遗址数量较中期减少,海面回升的同时,洪涝灾害,异常降温等灾变加速了良渚文化的衰落。总体来讲,5.3-4.0 ka B.P.期间“海面下降-低海面-海面回升”的过程推动了良渚文化由兴起到繁盛再到衰落的演替过程。     

河南新县花岗岩岩基的岩石成因、来源及对西大别构造演化的启示

本文对新县花岗岩岩基进行了系统的锆石U-Pb定年,全岩元素地球化学、Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf同位素测试,研究探讨其成岩年龄、岩石成因、物质来源以及地球化学动力学背景。锆石U-Pb年龄为125.5±1.5Ma,属于早白垩世产物。全岩元素地球化学成分表现为高硅、富碱,贫镁、铁和钙,富集轻稀土元素、大离子亲石元素（Rb、K、Th、U）和Pb,亏损重稀土元素、高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti)和Sr、Ba。全岩同位素具有中等略偏高的Sr 初始比值(87Sr/86Sr)i=0.706949~0.707086;低的放射性Pb同位素组成[ (206Pb/204Pb)i=16.611～17.152,(207Pb/204Pb)i=15.304～15.432,(208Pb/204Pb)i=37.316～37.702]; 低的Nd初始比值（εNd(t)=-13.65～-13.51）和老的Nd模式年龄（TDM2=2.12～2.13Ga）。锆石原位Hf同位素具有较低的初始比值（εHf(t)=-22.92～-19.40）和老的Hf二阶段模式年龄（TDM2=2.39~2.61 Ga）。综合以上元素地球化学特征、锆石U-Pb定年结果及Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf同位素组成,新县花岗岩岩基应属于分异的高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩,是化学成分类似于扬子板块北缘新元古代TTG型岩浆岩的扬子下地壳在非加厚下地壳（深度小于35km）环境下部分熔融的产物。     

河南省新县赛山寨铜异常区找矿前景综合评价

在1∶5万水系沉积物测量的基础上,对大别山北麓赛山寨一带的元素分布特征、单元素异常特征、元素相关性分析、异常元素组合特征进行了研究,研究发现Cu、Au、Mo为区内具一定潜力的找矿指标。文章运用成矿系列、缺位找矿新理论,重新对大别山北麓赛山寨一带区域成矿地质条件及地球化学异常特征进行分析,从区域成矿背景、地层、构造等方面探讨了该铜多金属异常区的成矿条件,认为该异常区斑岩型钼矿成矿地质条件优越,深部应具有较大的找矿潜力,并为该地区今后的矿产勘查工作指明了方向。     

Potassium‐argon dates from the Arltunga Nappe complex,northern territory

Twenty‐four mineral separates from the Arunta Complex, four from the metamorphosed Heavitree Quartzite (White Range Quartzite), and one whole rock sample of metamorphosed Bitter Springs Formation, all from the western part of the White Range Nappe of the Arltunga Nappe Complex, and two samples from the autochthonous basement west of the nappe have been dated by the K‐Ar method. The samples from the basement rocks form two groups. Those in the southern or frontal part of the nappe are of Middle Proterozoic (Carpentarian) age (1660–1368 m.y.), determined on hornblende, biotite, and muscovite. In the northern or rear part of the nappe, all but one of the muscovite samples and two biotites are of Middle Silurian to Early Carboniferous age (431–345 m.y.); the remainder of the biotite dates range from 1775 to 548 m.y. (including the two samples from the autochthon), and two hornblendes gave dates of 1639 and 2132 m.y. respectively. All the muscovite samples from the Heavitree Quartzite, and the whole rock sample from the Bitter Springs Formation gave Early to Middle Carboniferous dates (358–322 m.y.). The findings support the identification of the White Range Quartzite as the metamorphosed part of the Heavitree Quartzite, which in turn supports the interpretation of the structure of the area as a large, basement‐cored fold nappe. In addition, they date the time of the Alice Springs Orogeny as pre‐Late Carboniferous, which agrees with fossil evidence from elsewhere in the area. The Alice Springs Orogeny was accompanied by widespread greenschist facies meta‐morphism that progressively metamorphosed the Heavitree Quartzite and Bitter Springs Formation, and retrogressively metamorphosed the Arunta Complex. However, the basement rocks in the southern part of the nappe escaped this metamorphism and retain a Middle Proterozoic age, thus dating the time of the Arunta Orogeny in this region as Carpentarian or older.     

赣北修武地区下寒武统黑色岩系地球化学特征与沉积环境判别

通过野外地质调查、常量及微量地球化学分析等方法,初步查明修武地区下寒武统黑色岩系尤其是石煤中富集钒铀等多金属元素;稀土特征为轻稀土相对富集,轻重稀土分馏程度较高,Ce、Eu均为负异常;黑色岩系是在大陆边缘沉积,沉积环境为干燥气候的还原环境,物源应为陆源和海底热水沉积物两者混合组成,且以陆源为主。     

京津冀地区暖季降水日变化特征分析

使用2007—2017年京津冀地区156个气象站暖季（5—9月）逐小时降水观测数据,根据地形将研究区域分为6个分区,分析各分区降水量季节内变化和日变化特征,结果表明：1）京津冀的多雨区主要位于沿燕山南麓到太行山,存在多个降雨中心。2）各分区降水量季节内特征总体表现为单峰型,即7月降水量最大,7月第3候至8月第4候是主汛期,8月降水量次之,5月最少。3）降水呈夜间多,白天少的特点,7月初之前的前汛期降水多发生在16—21时;主汛期降水呈双峰型,峰值在17—22时,次峰值出现在00—07时;8月中旬以后的后汛期多夜间降水,峰值多出现在00—08时。4）高原山区多短历时降水,长历时累计降水对季节降水贡献率大值区位于平原地区,而持续性降水贡献率大值位于太行山区和燕山迎风坡的西部。     

一种运用云顶亮温确定热带气旋海面大风区的方法

运用１９９６—１９９７年间１６个热带气旋的ＧＭＳ红外云图云顶亮温（ＴＢＢ）和国内外热带气旋大风报告，以及部分常规和船舶测风报告，通过统计分析，概括出可确定热带气旋７级和１０级以上大风区的几种ＴＢＢ场概略模型图，试图形成一种可供业务参考使用的大风区确定方法。     

新疆哈拉奇地区地球化学分区特征及地质意义

水系沉积物测量是勘查地球化学一种重要方法。随着勘查地球化学的深入发展,有关地球化学异常圈定的方法已成为人们关注的焦点。采用R型因子分析方法,对哈拉奇地区水系沉积物测量所取得的数据进行统计处理,提取了具有代表性的5种因子组合类型,同时以因子得分为综合指标,绘制了因子得分等值线图并制作了元素组合分区图。通过综合分析,地球化学分区图反映了不同地段中以相应的元素组合类型为主的地球化学异常及地质成因信息,同时与主要控矿因素的空间分布比较一致,为研究区地质找矿提供新方向。     

Comparison of the Ordovician-Carboniferous Boundary Between Korea and NE China: Implications for Correlation and Tectonic Evolution

There is a great hiatus between Ordovician and Carboniferous strata in the Northeast China and Korean Peninsula. In order to understand geology and tectonic evolution, and to find out the similarities and differences in both regions, two sections in the Western Hill near Beijing in NE China and several sections in the Korean Peninsula were selected to examine their geologic boundaries between Lower and Upper Paleozoic strata to compare their characteristic features. At four sites in the two sections in the Western Hill near Beijing were examined their contact relations. The Hui Yu section is the same horizon where one site is top of a quarry hill and the other of down hill. Mid-Carboniferous Qingshuijian Formation rests on the Ordovician Majiagou Formation. Limestone beds are more commonly intercalated with shale and sandstone at site 2 of the Hui Yu section, while at site 1, conglomerate beds are dominant. Site 1 of the Se Shu Fen section shows eroded and concealed karst topography and conglomerate beds are intercalated within shale beds. Silurian and Devonian strata are absent in these areas. In the Korean Peninsula, most O-C contacts occur between Ordovician limestone formation and Carboniferous strata, although Silurian strata occur beneath the Carboniferous strata in the Jeongseon area and Pyeongnam Basin. Most contact relations are parallel unconformity and angular unconformity is rarely seen. The O-C relations in both regions are similar to each other, and these indicate that the Korean Peninsula was located near or belonged to the Sino-Korean paraplatform during Paleozoic time.