新疆麻扎尔塔格地区铁富集型高镁岩浆的源区

麻扎尔塔格地区位于塔里木板块西缘 ,巴楚县东部。该区有密集的二叠纪脉岩群产出 ,侵入于志留系、泥盆系、石炭系和下二叠统 ,主要岩石类型是辉绿岩、辉绿玢岩、暗色橄榄辉长岩、煌斑岩等。其中 ,暗色橄榄辉长岩的 Fe2 O3 Fe O=14 .4 0 %～ 16 .88% ,Mg O=17.2 1%～ 18.5 9% ,属铁富集型高镁岩浆岩。它们的 Mg#=6 7～ 6 8,Fe Ot/Mg O <1,Ni=4 6 9× 10 - 6 ～ 6 35× 10 - 6 ,大体上代表了原生岩浆。而辉绿玢岩和辉绿岩的 Mg#、Fe Ot/Mg O和 Ni丰度则证明它们属适度演化的岩浆。岩相学与岩石化学证明 ,橄榄石和单斜辉石的分离结晶作用是岩浆演化的主要机制。各种脉岩均具有板内拉张环境下玄武岩的稀土元素和微量元素地球化学特征。这些岩石具有相同的 Nd、Sr、Pb同位素组成 ,1 43Nd/1 44 Nd=0 .5 12 5 0 8～ 0 .5 12 786 ,87Sr/86 Sr=0 .70 4 2 4 6～ 0 .70 6 4 4 4 ,2 0 6 Pb/2 0 4 Pb=18.17～ 19.2 4 ,2 0 7Pb/2 0 4 Pb=15 .4 7～ 15 .71,2 0 8Pb/2 0 4 Pb=38.6 3～ 39.32。由此证明 ,这些脉岩具有原始地幔的 Nd、Sr、Pb同位素组成 ,它们的岩浆源区应该位于下地幔。     

矿物结构特征对岩浆混合过程的指示： 以新西兰Ruapehu全新世安山岩中的辉石为例

根据矿物结构可以有效的识别开放性体系内的各种岩浆过程,在岩相学研究基础上,对全新世喷发的Ruapehu火山 Whakapapa组安山岩内的辉石斑晶进行了系统的矿物学分析。所研究样品中辉石斑晶以普通辉石及顽火辉石为主,具多样 结构与形态,根据其结构和成分特征可分为3类：（1）骸晶状的辉石（SP型）,具有破碎的、筛孔状外形,核部具有异常高 的FeOT含量,可能为壳源捕掳晶;（2）具均一结构及成分的辉石（HP型）,其内部未显示明显的熔融结构,形成于岩浆房 的内部,基本未受基性岩浆混合的影响;（3）具核-幔-边结构的 “绿核”辉石（GCP型）,其幔部相比核部及边部具有更 高的En、Mg#、CaO、MgO和Cr2O3含量以及更低的FeOT、TiO2含量。且GCP辉石边部相比核部更加富CaO、MgO而贫 FeOT、TiO2。GCP型辉石幔部（边部）与核部形成明显的反环带结构,两者界线清晰,成分上存在突变,是偏基性岩浆注 入岩浆房边界层时,岩浆发生大规模扩散、混合之前形成于脉状岩浆“通道”内;而GCP辉石边部则结晶于混合后的岩浆 之中。辉石的结构及岩相学特征暗示,安山岩在喷发前经历了岩浆混合及地壳物质的混染,混合过程主要发生于地壳浅部 岩浆房的边界层及粥状层内,且这种混合过程可能是诱发火山喷发的重要机制之一。     

英云闪长岩奥长花岗岩花岗闪长岩(TTG)岩石构造组合及其亚类划分

TTG岩石构造组合(或岩类)表征洋壳俯冲作用。本文提出TTG岩类的4个亚类：(1)镁安山岩系列(MA)低压型TTG亚类,形成于非常年轻和很热的洋壳俯冲,压力≤1 500~1 600 MPa,深度≤50~60 km,例如活动洋中脊俯冲的板片窗的边缘;(2)镁安山岩系列(MA)高压型TTG亚类,形成于比较年轻和较热的洋壳俯冲,压力≥1 500~1 600 MPa,深度≥50~60 km;(3)低镁(或非镁)安山岩系列(LMA)低压型TTG亚类,形成于洋内弧下地壳,压力≤1 500~1 600 MPa,深度≤50~60 km;(4)低镁(或非镁)安山岩系列(LMA)高压型TTG亚类,形成了大陆边缘弧山根带,压力≥1 500~1 600 MPa,深度≥50~60 km。对TTG岩类4个亚类的研究,并结合对无TTG形成的老的冷的俯冲带洋壳和冷的弧地壳以及幔楔有无岩浆产生等方面的研究,可以重建岩浆弧的壳幔结构和热结构,进而可为与洋俯冲有关的成矿作用提供地质背景。     

鲁西中生代高镁辉石闪长岩中超镁铁质捕虏体成因:氧化态和铂族元素证据

鲁西莱芜晚中生代高镁闪长岩中含丰富的超镁铁质捕虏体,主要为纯橄岩(>80%),少量方辉橄榄岩(<5%)和橄榄辉石岩(<15%)。测定了代表性捕虏体的亲铁、亲铜元素含量,根据其矿物化学成分计算了捕虏体的氧化-还原状态。方辉橄榄岩遭受了不同程度富Si熔体的交代,全岩富含Cr、Co、Ni和IPGE,高IPGE/PPGE值,是地幔深度部分熔融的残留。纯橄岩由铬铁矿和高Mg橄榄石组成,全岩富含Cr、Co、Ni,贫IPGE,低IPGE/PPGE值,可能为一种镁铁质熔体的堆晶岩。纯橄岩中橄榄石成分表现出一定的变化范围,局部镁橄榄石（Fo）成分高达94,可能是堆晶中橄榄石与足够的铬铁矿反应的结果,原始熔体可能为玻镁安山质岩浆。方辉橄榄岩和纯橄岩都显示高f_O2值,FMQ+1.4~+2.4,与研究区早古生代相对还原的陆下岩石圈地幔(f_O2低于C-CO₂缓冲反应)形成鲜明对比。数据表明,中生代扬子大陆和华北克拉通碰撞之前,特提斯大洋板块和扬子大陆边缘相继俯冲到华北克拉通东缘之下,导致当时岩石圈地幔的f_O2陡升。     

Petrology and geochemistry of lava and ash erupted from Volcán Colima, Mexico, during 1998–2005

Lava (n = 8) and bulk ash samples (n = 6) erupted between July 1999 and June 2005 were investigated to extend time-series compositional and textural studies of the products erupted from Volcán Colima since 1869. In particular, we seek to evaluate the possibility that the current activity will culminate in major explosive Plinian-style event similar to that in 1913. Lava samples continue to show relatively heterogeneous whole-rock compositions with some significant mafic spikes (1999, 2001) as have prevailed since 1976. Groundmass SiO₂ contents continue trends to lower levels that have prevailed since 1961, in the direction of the still lower groundmass SiO₂ contents found in 1913 scoriae. Importantly, ash samples from investigated Vulcanian-style explosive eruptions in 2005 are devoid of particles with micro-vesiculated groundmass textures; such textures characterized the 1913 scoriae, signifying expansion of in-situ magmatic gas as the propellant of the 1913 eruption. All magmas erupted since 1913 appear to have arrived in the upper volcanic conduit system in a degassed state. The small to moderate Vulcanian-style explosive eruptions, which have been common since 1999 (> 16,000 events), have blasted ash clouds as high as 11 km a.s.l. and sent pyroclastic flows out to distances of 5 km. These eruptions do not appear to be powered by expansion of in-situ magmatic gas. New small lava domes have been observed in the crater prior to many explosive eruptions. These plugs of degassed lava may temporarily seal the conduit and allow the build-up of magmatic gases streaming upward from below ahead of rising and degassing magma. In this interpretation, when gas pressure exceeds the strength of the plug seal in the upper conduit, an explosive Vulcanian-style eruption occurs. Alternatively these explosive eruptions may represent interactions of hot rock and groundwater (phreato-magmatic).     

内蒙古大井铜多金属矿床脉岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年及成矿时代

内蒙古林西县大井矿床是与次火山岩有关的热液脉型矿床,矿体受NW向、NWW向断裂控制,产出在二叠系林西组中。用LA-ICP-MS技术,测得成矿前的霏细岩脉和安山玢岩脉中的锆石~(206P)b/~(238)U年龄分别为164.1±0.8Ma(MSWD=0.60,n=16)和253.8±1.1Ma(MSWD=0.96,n=14)。其中霏细岩锆石年龄表明,其形成可能与西伯利亚板块和蒙古-华北板块之间的鄂霍茨克洋碰撞造山有关;安山玢岩可能与华北板块与西伯利亚板块碰撞造山有关。通过成矿前脉岩的锆石年龄,可以限定大井矿床的成矿时代晚于164Ma。结合前人研究结果,推测大井铜多金属矿床的形成主要受控于晚侏罗世—早白垩世岩浆活动。     

东马努斯盆地高镁安山岩物质来源及演化过程——基于全岩主微量和同位素分析

对东马努斯盆地高镁安山岩做了全岩主微量和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素分析,并结合前人测试数据,探究了岩浆物质来源及演化过程。由主量元素[MgO、CaO、FeOT(全铁)、Al_2O_3、TiO_2和P_2O_5]含量随着硅含量的升高而降低和La/Sm随着La含量的升高而保持不变可知,岩浆在演化过程中只发生了矿物的分离结晶,分离的矿物可能为橄榄石、辉石、斜长石、钛铁矿和磷灰石。东马努斯盆地高镁安山岩的Pb和大离子亲石元素(K,Rb,Sr,Ba和U)的富集、高场强元素(Nb,Th,Ta和Ti)的亏损说明岩浆受到了俯冲板块脱水作用的影响。推测该区高镁安山岩是流体交代的地幔楔部分熔融形成的。由Sr-Nd同位素混合模拟结果可知东马努斯盆地高镁安山岩主要来源于马努斯MORB(洋中脊玄武岩),少量来自于太平洋蚀变洋壳和海底沉积物。根据Sr-Nd-Pb同位素特征推测岩浆混合作用发生在地幔源区,属于源区混染,岩浆在喷发的过程中没有发生同化混染作用,也没有加入其他体系的物质。     

High-Magnesian Andesite Produced by Two-Stage Magma Mixing: a Case Study from Hachimantai, Northern Honshu, Japan

High-magnesian andesite occurs at Hachimantai, northern Honshu,Japan. Disequilibrium zoning features indicate that the phenocrystminerals were derived from three different magmas. Chemicalcompositions and zoning profiles are accounted for by two-stagemagma mixing: the first mixing occurred between a crystal-freebasalt magma and a more differentiated olivine basalt magma;the second stage occurred by mixing between the resultant ofthe first-stage mixing and a hypersthene–augite andesitemagma. Mass balance of phenocryst crystals shows that end-membercompositions were c. 52·0 wt % SiO₂ and 10·1 wt% MgO for the mafic end-member and 57·0 wt % SiO₂ forthe felsic end-member of the second-stage mixing. Phenocrystminerals of the first-stage mixing end-member indicate the similarityof the end-member composition to that of basalts from nearbyvolcanoes. The counterpart aphyric magma in the first-stagemixing was more magnesian than the estimated mafic end-member.Calculations of the phase equilibria of similar basalts fromnearby volcanoes and comparison of results with previous phaseequilibrium experiments showed that the olivine basalt end-memberof the first stage was hydrous and situated at a depth wherethe pressure was less than 2 kbar. Two-pyroxene thermometryestimates are about 1050°C for the pyroxenes derived fromthe felsic end-member of the second-stage mixing, and about1180°C for groundmass pyroxenes. Crystallization temperaturesof 1170–1230°C are estimated for minerals from themafic end-member of the second-stage mixing based on phase equilibriumcalculations. These similar temperature estimates between thegroundmass and the mafic end-member imply achievement of thermalequilibrium between end-members preceding crystallization. Themagma plumbing system of the eastern Hachimantai is illustratedby a recent volcanic event, involving lateral dike intrusiontoward a pressure source. The encounter of a laterally migratingbasalt dike and an andesite magma chamber triggered the magmamixing that produced the high-magnesian andesite. The modelcan account for the relation between the petrological modeland surface distribution of volcanic rocks. The infrequencyof such mixing-derived high-magnesian andesite stems from therarity of high-magnesian basalt as a potential mixing end-memberin northern Honshu. KEY WORDS: high-magnesian andesite; Hachimantai; Northern Honshu; high-magnesian basalt; two-stage magma mixing     

鄂尔多斯地块西南缘中元古代玄武安山岩地球化学特征及其构造意义

铁马河玄武安山岩位于鄂尔多斯地块西南缘,沿六盘山东麓断裂带出露。岩石发育气孔和杏仁状构造,具有斑状结构—间隐结构,斑晶主要为长条状斜长石和少量蚀变暗色矿物。岩石地球化学呈现富Na₂O、Fe O^T、Al₂O₃,贫Mg O、TiO₂、K₂O的特点,稀土配分曲线为右倾轻稀土富集型,LREE/HREE=6.50～7.01,(La/Yb)_N为5.620.69～0.91。样品[n(⁸⁷Sr)/n(⁸⁶Sr)]_i为～7.14,富集Ba、Th、U、K等大离子亲石元素,Nb、Sr和Ti相对亏损,δEu=0.70587～0.70934,ε_Nd(t)介于-6.9-4.8,T_DM为2562～2730～Ma,Nb/Ta(6.60～8.25)低于大陆地壳的平均值,指示了受俯冲流体改造的古老富集地幔参与了岩浆形成。SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年结果显示铁马河...     

福建福安留洋盆地早白垩世安山岩的特征及成因探讨

福安留洋盆地早白垩世安山岩广泛分布于黄坑组中,与流纹质岩石组成双峰式火山岩,且晚期伴有潜正长斑岩、晶洞碱长花岗岩等偏碱性岩石产出。通过福安地区1∶5万区调研究,认为该区安山岩可能是基性—酸性岩浆演化系列中的过渡性岩石,并有地壳物质的混染,进而得出基性岩浆与酸性岩浆可能是同源的新认识,这对当前“区域基性和酸性岩浆不同源”这一主流观点提出新的研究思路。