一种异构多核架构快速查询多边形图层间空间关系的方法

目前,空间关系查询中常用的Plane Sweep 算法是一种串行方法,而关于多核CPU的并行查询算法,在面对海量数据查询时,由于CPU核心数及线程数量的限制,其难以满足查询效率需求。针对该问题,本文提出了一种全新的异构多核架构多边形图层间空间关系查询的并行算法。首先,利用STR 树索引过滤不相交的多边形;然后,对过滤后多边形的线段构建四叉树索引,利用CPU+GPU架构并行计算线段的相交以判断多边形环间的拓扑关系;再根据环间的拓扑关系计算多边形间的维度扩展九交模型(DE-9IM)参数值,据此确定多边形间的空间关系;最后,通过实验验证了该算法的准确性和高效性。实验表明,本算法能有效缩短大数据量的空间查询时间。在实验中逐渐增加目标数据集和源数据集多边形的数量,当两数据集都为50 000 个多边形时,以包含关系为例,相比于ArcGIS,本文提出的算法可达到2 倍的加速比。     

城市更新对房地产市场的时空影响效应:基于杭州市的实证研究

以杭州市为例,采用双重差分法研究城市更新对房地产市场的时空影响效应。研究结果发现： 城市更新在不同阶段对周边住宅价格产生的影响效应不同,项目建设和运营期分别对周边房价产生28.6%和32.0%的推升作用; 城市更新对周边住房价格的影响在空间上存在显著差异,对城市边缘区的提升作用比核心区高23.0%; 城市更新对周边房价影响随着距离增加显著降低,距离城市更新项目中心2.0 km以内、2.0~3.5 km范围对房价的推升作用分别为41.9%、24.9%和9.1%。最后建议政府完善房地产市场微观调控,建立完善长效机制。     

Ecological Differences in the Distribution of two Tethya (Porifera, Demospongiae) Species Coexisting in a Mediterranean Coastal Lagoon

Abstract. In the Sicilian lagoon Stagnone di Marsala, Tethya aurantium and T. citrina show different ecological distributions, although some overlapping occurs. The first species reaches its highest density where linear currents are maximal, and in this habitat it is particularly frequent on Posidonia oceanica rhizomes. The second species is more abundant in still water locations and is equally common on Posidonia rhizomes and on calcareous concretions. Such distributions can be related to water movement, Posidonia shoot density, and associated factors such as sedimentation and food availability. These observations are consistent with an adaptive interpretation of the morphofunctional features distinguishing the two species.     

Chaotic ray behaviour in regional seismology

Rays propagating through strongly laterally varying media exhibit chaotic behaviour. This means that initially close rays diverge exponentially, rather than according to a power law. This chaotic behaviour is especially pronounced if the medium contains laterally varying interfaces. By studying simple 2-D and 3-D versions of models with laterally varying interfaces, the importance of chaotic ray behaviour is determined. A model of the Moho below Germany produces sharp variations with epicentral distance of the number of arrivals. In addition, the number of caustics grows dramatically: up to 1200 caustics are present between a distance of 0 and 800 km. Using the theory of Hamiltonian systems, a more in-depth study of the chaotic character of the ray equations is obtained. It is found that for realistic heterogeneous models most of the relevant rays will exhibit chaotic behaviour. The degree of chaos is quantified in terms of predictability horizons. Beyond the predictability horizons ray tracing cannot be carried out accurately. For the models under consideration, the length from the source to the predictability horizon has an order of magnitude of 1000 km. The chaotic behaviour of the rays makes it necessary to use extensions of asymptotic ray theory, such as Maslov theory, to compute seismic waveforms. It is shown that pseudo-caustics, an important obstacle in computing Maslov synthetics, are a generic feature of the 2-D laterally varying models that are studied. Eventually, the use of asymptotic methods is restricted because of the inaccuracy in the computation of the ray paths.     

Gas and Particle Partitioning Behavior of Aldehyde in the Presence of Diesel Soot and Wood Smoke Aerosols

Outdoor smog chamber experiments were performed to investigate gas/particle (G/P) partitioning behavior of aldehyde compounds in atmospheric acidic aerosols. Diesel soot and wood smoke aerosols were selected as acidic aerosols and octanal, decanal, undecanal, and cis-pinonaldehyde for aldehydes compounds. Aerosol acidity was measured with the equivalent sulfuric acid amounts in aerosol mass: 0.2–0.6 wt% in diesel soot and 0.04–0.1 wt% in wood smoke aerosols. Experimentally determined partitioning coefficients of aldehyde along with other classes of semivolatile organic compounds (SOCs) were compared with the estimation. All experimental G/P partitioning coefficients of aldehyde compounds were 10–200 times higher than estimated partitioning coefficients. Aldehyde partitioning coefficients in wood soot were similar or less than diesel soot aerosols.     

复杂介质地震波传播的褶积微分算子数值模拟h

将佛尔塞（Forsyte）广义正交多项式微分算子地震波场正演模拟算法运用于复杂非均匀介质模型的波场数值模拟中,并比较了该方法在计算效率和计算精度方面与有限差分方法和伪谱法的差异. 数值结果表明,这种广义正交多项式微分算子法计算速度快、精度高,对计算资源需求低,是一种颇具潜力的数值模拟方法.      

工程勘察用非均质热压金刚石钻头试验研究

工程勘察在同一个钻孔中需要面对不同风化程度的岩石层,并可能遇到不同粒径与胶结性的卵砾石层。因地质条件较为复杂,工程勘察钻进过程中容易产生憋钻、糊钻等现象,岩心采取率低。针对工程勘察钻进特点,为提高金刚石钻头对地层的适应性和钻进效果,并提高岩心采取率,设计了2种新型非均质热压金刚石钻头。该结构将每个工作齿分成主、辅工作层两部分,可以使钻头既具有PDC钻头破岩的特征,又能体现孕镶金刚石钻进的特色,并提高钻头对地层的适应性。现场试验表明,该结构的钻头在风化岩层和基岩中的平均钻进时效达2.68 m,钻头使用寿命平均达48.70 m;对比电镀金刚石钻头,钻进速度提高约21%,使用寿命相当。     

基于广义径向流模型的非均质孔隙含水层井流试验分析

Theis模型、Dupuit模型等经典井流模型分析非均质含水层井流试验数据有一定的局限性,获取的参数不适合表征非均质含水层特性。而GRF模型可以获取含水层流动特性的数据。相比于Theis模型、Dupuit模型,GRF模型更能表征非均质含水层特性。以黄石东湖新村棋盘洲长江大桥的抽水试验数据为例,采用Theis模型和GRF模型计算含水层渗透系数,结合实际水文地质条件,对比分析不同方法计算的水文地质参数,并计算含水层水流维数和表观压力传导系数（Kf /Ssf）。结果表明：研究区含水层为细砂夹条带状黏土透镜体的非均质含水层,采用GRF模型计算结果更符合实际情况,渗透系数为 4.09×10−3cm/s;含水层水流维数为1.61,地下水为双线性流动状态,含水层对抽水试验的响应主要受黏土条带控制;观测井和抽水主井的Kf /Ssf呈非线性相关,进一步验证了含水层的非均质性。在非均质孔隙含水层中,应用多孔联合非稳定GRF井流试验方法不仅能确定水文地质参数,并且能丰富对含水层特性的认知。     

层状非均质结构包气带入渗过程单相流与两相流数值模拟对比研究

包气带水分入渗过程受多种因素的影响。定量研究层状非均质岩性结构和入渗速率对其影响,有助于解决根据不同条件选择单相流模型或水气二相流模型模拟包气带水分入渗过程的问题。结合填埋场等场地地层条件及污废水入渗特征,分别建立了“上细下粗”和“上粗下细”包气带层状非均质岩性结构水分入渗单相流和水气二相流模型,探讨不同层状非均质岩性结构条件下模型的适用性。在“上粗下细”岩性结构模型基础上,进一步探究入渗速率对水气两相运移结果的影响。基于论文模型研究表明：（1）在包气带岩性结构为“上细下粗”的条件下,气相的影响基本可以忽略,可直接采用单相流模型对包气带水分运移进行模拟;在“上粗下细”岩性结构和本次模型设定的底部压力保持不变及污废水泄漏前场地未接受降水入渗补给等条件下,当包气带上下层介质渗透率比值大于16倍时,气相会对水相运移产生明显影响,且下层介质渗透率越小、上下层介质渗透率比值越大,单相流与两相流的运移结果差别越大,需要采用水气二相流模型模拟包气带水分运移。（2）在包气带“上粗下细”岩性结构条件下,入渗速率越大,气相对水流入渗的阻滞作用越明显,此时包气带水分运移模拟应采用水气二相流模型。