建筑群多连通直线模式的参数识别方法

目的 结合国内外对建筑群空间分布模式的研究,提出了建筑群多连通直线模式的参数判别识别方法。首先从其组织规律出发,从距离、方向、大小3方面提取直线模式的结构化参数;然后利用 Delaunay三角网构建建筑群的邻近关系,生成邻近图;考虑直线模式的直线性、紧凑性等,通过模拟直线模式识别的人工过程进行邻近图的同质性修剪,识别出多连通直线模式。实验表明,该方法能够识别出明显直线模式,且具有完备性,允许模式相交,更符合人类空间认知特点。     

煤层产甲烷菌对胍胶的生物降解实验

胍胶压裂液的低温破胶问题事关煤层的增透效果,为探讨产甲烷菌群对胍胶生物降解的影响,以内蒙古某矿褐煤样品为研究对象,以富集的新鲜矿井水为菌源,配比不同浓度的胍胶与煤的混合液,开展生物甲烷代谢实验。以产气总量、CH₄含量、胍胶分子官能团和C、H元素含量变化以及液相产物等指标表征煤层产甲烷菌群对胍胶的生物降解特性。实验结果表明：加入胍胶能提高煤制生物气产量,代谢后体系溶液黏度明显降低;降解后胍胶大分子中C、H元素的含量明显下降,胍胶的表面粗糙度增加;胍胶降解后主要特征峰表现为-OH基团及C-O基团的含量减少,甲基官能团振动吸收峰消失;生物降解溶液中葡萄糖醛酸含量增加。实验验证了煤层产甲烷菌对胍胶的降解作用及效果,为胍胶压裂液的低温破胶技术提供了有力依据。     

基于六元组和面积比的图像自动配准

基于面积比这一仿射不变量提出了一种粗匹配算法,它利用特征点六元组和面积比进行特征匹配。首先用特征点集构建不规则三角网(TIN)和特征点六元组,根据六元组内相邻三角形之间的面积比以及仿射变换方程组来搜索同名六元组,再建立两个点集之间的多项式变换关系,从而实现两个点集之间的粗匹配,然后用松弛匹配法进行两个点集间的精匹配,最后用同名特征点对图像进行小面元校正。实验表明,此算法不需任何人工干预和辅助信息,能自动配准不同类型的图像。     

能量桩群桩工作特性简化分析方法研究

采用双曲线模型模拟桩土界面上的力学行为,利用剪切位移法反映剪应力在土层中的传递,考虑群桩之间的相互作用,建立了热-力耦合作用下能量桩群桩基础工作特性的简化分析方法。该方法能反映桩土界面上的非线性、桩顶的约束条件和能量桩位置的影响,可直接计算所有桩的位移和轴力。与现有方法相比,计算得到的双桩相互作用因子更加合理。通过与文献中试验数据的对比表明,若只有局部桩经历温度变化,能量桩运行过程中各桩之间存在差异变形,基础出现倾斜,桩顶荷载发生重分布。所建立方法计算方便,能合理模拟能量桩群桩基础的主要工作特性,可用于大规模能量桩群桩基础的设计计算。     

Indigenous knowledge on soil classification of ethnic groups in Luang Prabang province of the Lao PDR

Introduction Traditional agriculture based on indigenous knowledge (IK) has been practiced in many areas for centuries. Such practices are often the basis of very sustainable technologies, which are potentially suitable for developmental programs. Polthanee (2001) reported that such farmer practices have been repeatedly found to be valid, rational and usually suited to the local environmental conditions. Moreover, with increased under- standing of agro-ecosystems, professionals in agricultura…     

大华北新构造运动和地震活动“成片迁移”的成因探讨

基于板块间的作用及有关物理参数,分别组构了大华北第Ⅲ（1484—1739年）、第Ⅳ（1815年至今）地震活动期的动力边界和厚度非均匀的“薄板”模型,采用有限元法,并根据地壳屈曲的研究,作了屈曲变形计算.所得屈曲图象与大华北新生代隆起、凹陷分布的基本特征一致,也与近30年来大华北垂直形变速率的分布特怔吻合.不同期高变形梯度区不同,7级以上地震均分布在这种区内.由此得出了新构造运动和地震“成片迁移”的力学机制.     

东溪危岩滑坡群特征及稳定性评价

东溪危岩滑坡群是危岩和滑坡的集合体,现为四川省省级地质灾害监测点。本文在阐述东溪危岩滑坡群特征的基础上,研究分析其成因,通过剖面递推系数法计算,对危岩滑坡群的稳定性进行评价,进而对危岩滑坡群的危害进行评估,为优化整治措施提供了依据。     

Macrophytes and phytobenthos as indicators of ecological status in German lakes — a contribution to the implementation of the water framework directive

A new assessment system for macrophytes and phytobenthos in German lakes according to the Water Framework Directive of the European Community is described. Based on biological, chemical and hydromorphological data from about 100 lake sites covering the main ecoregions, hydromorphological lake types and degradation forms, biocoenotic types could be defined. For developing a classification system the quality element macrophytes and phytobenthos was divided into two components: macrophytes and benthic diatoms. For macrophytes 4 and for benthic diatoms 4 lake types were identified. The benthic vegetation at reference conditions is described and degradation is characterised as deviation in benthic vegetation species composition and abundance from the reference biocoenosis. For classification in five ecological status classes, several metrics were developed and used in combination with existing indices. For a few of the described lake types further investigations are necessary before a classification can be developed.     

Numerical modeling of local scour of non-uniform graded sediment for two arrangements of pile groups

A three-dimensional(3D) non-hydrostatic numerical model is established to investigate local scour around four aligned circular piles in uniform and non-uniform sediment mixtures and to provide information for improving scour countermeasures design. In the current study, unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes(URANS) equations along with a Re-normalization Group(RNG) k-ε model were applied to simulate the flow field. A non-uniform sediment transport model was applied to estimate the bedload tran...     

Wave interaction with twin plate wave barrier

The wave transmission and reflection characteristics and wave induced pressures on single surface plate and twin plate barriers were investigated experimentally for a wide range of wave heights and periods in regular and random waves. Seven different spacing between the plates were tested. It is found in general, hydrodynamically the twin plate is better than the single surface plate to reduce the wave transmission and increase the wave reflection. It is found that the transmission coefficient of twin plate reduced from 0.8 to 0.3 when the relative plate width is increased from 0.18 to 0.84. Transmission coefficient of twin plate barrier shows oscillating behavior, when relative plate width is increased due to blocking and pumping effect. The reflection coefficient increased from 0.25 to 0.65, when the relative width of the plate is increased from 0.18 to 0.84. The increase in spacing between the plates was also found to increase the reflection coefficient. The transmission coefficient, K_t for 98% probability of non-exceedence was found to be minimum and is about 0.60 when the relative spacing between the plate is about 0.12, compared to K_t=0.76 for single surface plate. The reflection coefficient for 98% probability of non-exceedence was found to exceed 0.66 for single surface plate, whereas it is 0.73 for twin plate with relative spacing of about 0.40. From the investigation with wide range of input parameters, it is found that the twin plate barrier needs to be designed for highest 98% pressure ratio of 2.0, which is equal to the static pressure induced by the design incident wave height.