声子在硅酸盐熔体缔合反应中的作用

本文采用量子统计方法，得到了声子熵的计算公式和初步结果，同时还提出在硅酸盐熔体两种阴离子结构团的缔合反应中，声学支声子所提供的声子熵起了重要作用。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Portable Utopia: Glasgow and the United States 1820–1920. Bernard Aspinwall. Studies in Russian Historical Geography. James H. Bater and R. A. French, eds. Water and Sanitation: Economic and Sociological Perspectives. Peter G. Bourne, ed. Green Politics. Fritjof Capra and Charlene Spretnak. The Southern Cone: Realities of the Authoritarian State. César N. Caviedes. Women in Third World Development. Sue Ellen Charlton. Land Management: New Directions. David Chiddick and Alan Millington, eds. Geography and Ethnic Pluralism. Colin Clarke, David Ley, Ceri Peach, eds. Geomorphological Hazards in Los Angeles. R. U. Cooke. Regional Impacts of United States-Mexico Economic Relations. Alfonso Corona and Lay James Gibson. eds. Patterns of Jobs and Geographic Mobility. Torvald Gerger. Cities and Sickness: Health Care in Urban America. Ann Lennarson Greer and Scott Greer, eds. Neighborhoods: Their Place in Urban Life. Howard W. Hallman. Development and the Rural-Urban Divide. John Harriss and Mick Moore, eds. Patterns of Undocumented Migration: Mexico and the United States. Richard C. Jones, ed. Central Place Theory. Leslie J. King. The Geography of Western Europe: A Socio-economic Survey. Paul L. Knox. Regions and Resources: Strategies for Development. David T. Krisge, Daniel A. Seiver, Oliver S. Goldsmith and Michael J. Scott. Geography of Crowding and Human Response. A Study of Ahmedabad City. K. M. Kulkarni. Haciendo Pueblo. The Development of a Guadalajaran Suburb. Kathleen Logan. The Imperial Lion: Human Dimensions of Wildlife Management in Central Africa. Stewart A. Marks. Water in the Hispanic Southwest: A Social and Legal History, 1550–1850. Michael C. Meyer. Imlil: A Moroccan Mountain Community in Change. James A. Miller. Tourism in Canada: Selected Issues and Options. Peter E. Murphy, ed. David Harvey's Geography. John L. Paterson. Raster Scanning, Processing and Plotting of Cartographic Documents. Donna J. Peuquet and A. Raymond Boyle. The USSR and the Muslim World: Issues in Domestic and Foreign Policy. Yaacov Ro'i, ed. Environmental Perception and Behavior: An Inventory and Prospect. Thomas F. Saarinen, David Seamon, and James L. Sell. Incised channels, Morphology, Dynamics, and Control. Stanley A. Schumm, Michael D. Harvey, and Chester C. Watson. The Gap Between Rich and Poor: Contending Perspectives on the Political Economy of Development. Mitchell A. Seligson, ed. Twentieth-Century Richmond. Planning, Politics and Race. Christopher Silver. Land Conservation and Development: Examples of Land-Use Planning Projects and Programs. F. R. Steiner and H. N. van Lier, eds. Biogeography: Recent Advances and Future Directions. J. A. Taylor, ed. Late Quaternary Environments of the Soviet Union. A. A. Velichko, ed. H. E. Wright, Jr. and C. W. Barnosky, eds.     

多尺度变换中建筑群空间相似度计算模型

针对建筑群自动综合结果质量评价问题,该文提出一种建筑群多尺度表达中空间相似度计算模型。从地图综合质量评价的角度,立足地图综合的3个约束,即图形约束、拓扑约束、结构约束,分别计算了图形相似度、拓扑相似度、结构相似度,并对以上各相似度作了适当的权重分配,计算建筑群目标的整体相似度。最后,通过实验验证了本文相似度计算方法的正确性、可行性。     

广州社区绿化环境对居民自评健康的邻里影响

良好的城市生态环境有益于居民的健康福祉。至今鲜有研究阐明绿化环境对中国城市居民健康的心理—社会—行为机制。本文运用广州调查问卷数据、遥感影像数据和百度街景数据,提取多种社区绿化指标,并运用多层线性回归模型和中介效应分析技术,阐明社区绿化环境影响居民自评健康的路径和机制,定量测度社区绿化环境的健康效应在不同社会群体间的差异。研究发现：① 社区绿化水平与居民的自评健康水平存在显著关联;② 社区绿化通过缓解心理压力提升居民的自评健康水平;③ 社区绿化的健康效应在不同收入群体和不同性别群体之间存在明显差异,表现为社区绿化水平与健身时长和心理压力的关系,中低收入群体强于高收入群体,女性群体强于男性群体。本文以期丰富健康地理学视角下的绿化环境与公共健康的实证研究,并为健康社区建设和人居环境提升提供科学依据。     

月球辐射线撞击坑与瓜埠放射状裂隙群的比较分析

在对比了月球背面辐射线撞击坑和六合瓜埠火山岩放射状裂隙群的异同后,提出六合瓜埠放射状裂隙群,可能源于类似的火山进裂作用。     

Heavy Metal Concentrations in Rice from Guangzhou and Associated Health Risks

In recent years, excessive levels of cadmium (Cd) in rice have been a focus of attention of the government, the public and scientists. In Guangzhou rice is a staple food for most citizens and understanding the level of Cd and other heavy metals in rice is important for food safety and health. Consumers in different income groups purchase rice from various sources at different prices but we know little about the relationship between price and safety. At the same time, the presence of zinc (Zn) can also affect the level of risk from Cd in rice and so affect food safety. This study offers a preliminary exploration of interactions between price, safety and nutritional quality. 125 rice samples were collected from markets and from the homes of high-income, middle-income and low-income groups in Guangzhou city, and were tested for the content of Cd and Zn. The results showed that 25.6% of the rice samples contained Cd in excess of the national standard, with higher levels of Cd in Indica rice than in Japonica. At the same time, we designed a questionnaire survey for groups with different incomes to assess their exposure to risks from rice with Cd and their perceptions and sources of information about risks. The survey showed that, as a whole, the low-income group faces higher risks from rice with Cd, and that there is strong public demand for scientific information about Cd in rice.     

厦门近岸海域大型底栖动物摄食功能群及其与环境因子的关系

根据2013年5月和11月在厦门周边海域60个取样站获得的大型底栖动物数据,运用功能群方法分析该海域大型底栖动物功能群的时空格局及其与环境因子的关系。共鉴定大型底栖动物9门160科411种,其中肉食者152种,浮游生物食者102种,碎屑食者103种,杂食者48种和植食者6种,菲律宾蛤仔（Ruditapes philippinarum）和丝鳃稚齿虫（Prionospio malmgreni）分别是该海域春、秋季的主要优势种。总体而言,浮游生物食者和肉食者为该海域的主要优势功能群,但各区域的优势功能群存在一定差异,围头湾的主导功能群为肉食者和碎屑食者,大嶝海域以肉食者和浮游生物食者为主,而九龙江口和同安湾则以碎屑食者和浮游生物食者占优势。典范对应分析结果表明,水深和底温是影响该海域大型底栖动物功能群时空格局的主要因素,活性磷酸盐、底盐、有机质和叶绿素a等对其分布也有一定的影响。     

An analysis method for the influence of tunneling on adjacent loaded pile groups with rigid elevated caps

Tunnel excavation could influence the working performance of adjacent pile foundations. How to accurately predict the tunneling‐induced pile responses is becoming an important issue in urban areas. Previous methods tend to neglect the influence of working loads on the tunneling‐induced pile responses. In this paper, a two‐stage analysis method is proposed to study the behavior of pile groups with rigid elevated caps subjected to tunneling‐induced ground movements, in which the pile–pile interaction, coupling of longitudinal and lateral deformation, and influence of working loads are considered. This method is validated by comparing the results with those from a general pile analysis program, GEPAN, centrifuge test data and field measured data. Thereafter, a series of parametric studies is carried out. The results show that the influence of working load on tunneling‐induced pile responses is significant. Three different features of the pile responses will take place for different depth ratios. With the increase in soil stiffness, the tunneling‐induced axial force increases linearly, whereas the bending moment increases nonlinearly. For soils with high stiffness, the maximum bending moment increases linearly with the ground loss ratio within the range of 0–5%; but for soils with low stiffness, this tendency becomes obviously nonlinear. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

干酪根分子结构在低熟阶段的演化特征：基于红外光谱分析

为研究低熟气形成过程中大分子结构的变化情况,对吐哈盆地侏罗系八道湾组的煤与碳质泥岩干酪根在不同升温速率下进行了热解实验,借助于红外光谱分析,研究了不同热模拟温度下干酪根结构的特征与变化。结果表明,随热演化的进行,煤与碳质泥岩干酪根的芳香结构不断缩合,含氧官能团不断脱落,碳质泥岩干酪根中的脂肪族类有所降低。吐哈盆地低熟气主要来源于煤与碳质泥岩干酪根中的含氧官能团--羧基与甲氧基,以及碳质泥岩干酪根上的脂肪族。从干酪根结构上揭示了低熟气主要来源于Ⅲ型有机质的原因。     

相对弱势群体的城市包容性感知与影响因素分析

城市化过程中包容性价值观的缺失导致城市社会走向分化,高质量的城市化是要建设人人共享的包容城市。通过明确城市包容性感知内涵的7个维度及26个评价要素,使用2020年城市体检问卷调查数据,评价老年群体、低收入群体、低学历群体和外地人4类相对弱势群体的城市包容性感知,并检验个体属性、客观城市特征以及主观感知等因素对居民包容性感知的影响。结果发现：年龄、收入、户籍差别导致的居民包容性感知差距较大,不同学历群体的包容性感知差距较小。4类相对弱势群体的包容性感知在城市之间均存在明显差别。包容性感知因个体属性特征和城市客观特征而异,中小城市居民包容性感知显著更低,常住人口占比、住房可支付能力、人均住房面积、人口密度对于包容性感知有正向促进作用。多项要素的主观感知与包容性感知显著相关,社会治安、对弱势群体友好性、邻里关系以及综合医院的满意度是影响4类相对弱势群体包容性感知的共性因素。