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71.
Crack widths and rock temperatures were monitored on an andestic bedrock cliff in the summit area of the Daisetsu Mountains, Hokkaido, northern Japan. Sequential data recorded the gradual widening of a crack to the point of critical crack extension, which resulted in catastrophic rock breakage. The data indicate that a combination of liquid water in?ltration into crack tip and subsequent freezing is the most signi?cant factor contributing to critical crack extension. The recorded sub‐critical crack movements involved a number of minor crack extensions and contractions, the timing of which correlates well with the magnitude of the reconstructed thermal stresses at the crack tip derived from thermal deformation of the plate‐shaped rock fragment. Larger crack extensions occurred when stress at the crack tip exceeded a threshold value, possibly re?ecting the control of rock fracture mechanics by which cracks are thought to propagate when the stress intensity factor at the crack tip exceeds the threshold values for stress corrosion cracking and the fracture toughness of the material. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
72.
应用近百年ENSO事件的研究成果和ENSO事件影响年的资料,统计分析近50年来ENSO事件与鲁西北夏季降水关系,为短期气候预测和汛期气象服务提供参考依据。 相似文献
73.
目前,线路勘探中对浜填土检测不够重视或缺乏有效的方法,使浜填土的处理缺乏针对性,造成不必要的浪费或工程隐患。该文探讨了在线路勘探中暗浜的勘查技术及相应评价与整治方法。 相似文献
74.
本文以动三轴试验和原位测试数据为基础,以天津地区砂性土为例,探讨砂性土振动液化机理及孔隙水压力变化规律,采用多种方法分析判别砂性土液化,为高烈度地区重要工程建筑抗震设计提供重要数据。 相似文献
75.
In this study a non-hydrostatic version of Penn State University (PSU) -- NationalCenter for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) mesoscale model is used to simulate thesuper cyclonic storm that crossed Orissa coast on 29 October 1999. The model isintegrated up to 123 h for producing 5-day forecast of the storm. Several importantfields including sea level pressure, horizontal wind and rainfall are compared with theverification analysis/observation to examine the performance of the model. The modelsimulated track of the cyclone is compared with the best-fit track obtained from IndiaMeteorological Department (IMD) and the track obtained from NCEP/NCAR reanalysis. The model is found to perform reasonably well in simulating the track and in particular, the intensity of the storm. 相似文献
76.
新疆阿克苏地区耕地变化分析及驱动因子研究 总被引:8,自引:4,他引:8
据新疆阿克苏地区各市、县的统计数据,分析了阿克苏地区50年代以来耕地面积的总体变化趋势、变化速度、区域差异和驱动因子。分析表明:阿克苏地区的耕地面积呈现波动增加的态势,但人均耕地面积经历了从增加到减少的变化过程;耕地空间变化区域差异较明显;影响阿克苏地区耕地变化的8个因子可归纳为经济发展因素、人类行为因素和城市化发展水平;通过模型计算,人类行为对耕地变化的影响尤其显著。研究结果和分析结论对于阿克苏地区农业可持续发展具有重要的意义。 相似文献
77.
论述了基于数据融合的侧扫声纳图像处理的特殊过程。根据现代侧扫声纳系统的特点,提出了利用声线跟踪法进行斜距改正,同时对目标阴影区进行了处理;对文献[1]的灰度不均衡的改正算法进行了改进。利用小波变换检测出灰度突变区,根据剔除突变区后计算的灰度改正系数进行航向上的灰度改正,并用模拟数据和实际数据进行了验证;鉴于波束展宽效应对远场目标造成的拖尾效应,论述了对拖尾效应使用的去卷积的改正算法。 相似文献
78.
Magnitude calibration of north Indian earthquakes 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
79.
80.
The role of vegetation patterns in structuring runoff and sediment fluxes in drylands 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Juan Puigdefbregas 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2005,30(2):133-147
The dynamics of vegetation‐driven spatial heterogeneity (VDSH) and its function in structuring runoff and sediment fluxes have received increased attention from both geomorphological and ecological perspectives, particularly in arid regions with sparse vegetation cover. This paper reviews the recent findings in this area obtained from field evidence and numerical simulation experiments, and outlines their implications for soil erosion assessment. VDSH is often observed at two scales, individual plant clumps and stands of clumps. At the patch scale, the local outcomes of vegetated patches on soil erodibility and hydraulic soil properties are well established. They involve greater water storage capacity as well as increased organic carbon and nutrient inputs. These effects operate together with an enhanced capacity for the interception of water and windborne resources, and an increased biological activity that accelerates breakdown of plant litter and nutrient turnover rates. This suite of relationships, which often involve positive feedback mechanisms, creates vegetated patches that are increasingly different from nearby bare ground areas. By this way a mosaic builds up with bare ground and vegetated patches coupled together, respectively, as sources and sinks of water, sediments and nutrients. At the stand scale within‐storm temporal variability of rainfall intensity controls reinfiltration of overland flow and its decay with slope length. At moderate rainfall intensity, this factor interacts with the spatial structure of VDSH and the mechanism of overland flow generation. Reinfiltration is greater in small‐grained VDSH and topsoil saturation excess overland flow. Available information shows that VDSH structures of sources and sinks of water and sediments evolve dynamically with hillslope fluxes and tune their spatial configurations to them. Rainfall simulation experiments in large plots show that coarsening VDSH leads to significantly greater erosion rates even under heavy rainfall intensity because of the flow concentration and its velocity increase. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献