南方丘陵山区现代农业可持续发展模式研究

从区域农业可持续发展的观点和农业生态系统的原理出发，认为促进南方丘陵山区现代农业可持续发展具有巨大的经济、生态和政治意义，提出了“以生态为基础，以科技为主导”的“生态 现代生产 现代经营管理 现代科技 现代市场体系”的可持续发展模式。     

在全球一体化形势下中国农业持续发展面临的困境与对策

在全球一体化的形势下，中国农业持续发展面临重重困境：（1）耕地面积减少，耕地质量下降；（2）水资源短缺，供需矛盾突出；（3）生态环境问题日益严重；（4）粮食与食物安全问题不容忽视；（5）科技竞争在国际上处于劣势地位；（6）生产成本过高，收益过低，农民的生产积极性受到了伤害；（7）农村剩余劳动力的充分就业是一个难题，面对这些困境，中国农业持续发展应该采取的对策是；（1）合理利用水土资源，保护生态环境，促进资源环境与农业经济的协调发展；（2）继续深化农村经济体制改革，构筑新的农业政策体系；（3）加速农业科技创新与科技进步的步伐。     

中国农业的比较优势和国际竞争力

加入WTO后，中国农业将面临严峻的挑战，为了应对入世的挑战，首先必须朋全球的视角考察我国农业的比较优势和国际竞争力，国际比较分析表明，我国农业并无明显的比较优势，国际竞争力也较弱，为此，必须及早采取措施，提高我国农业的国际竞争力，在分析论证的基础上，本文提出了调整行业结构，给予政策扶持、加大城镇化力度等对策建议。     

海南省三亚市的生态环境建设

三亚市位于海南岛最南部，具有得天独厚的生态环境优势。近20年来，生态环境建设虽取得初步成效，但问题也较突出，如林业尚存隐患，耕地锐减，水域受蚕食和局部环境恶化，城市绿化美化不足等。生态环境建设面临的任务主要是：合理布局城镇，建设具有经济－生态良性循环的城乡体系；完善林业生态体系建设，建成强有力的陆地生态支柱；保护好水体环境，搞好碧水工程建设；保护耕地、保证农业持续发展；整治环境，提高环境质量。为此必须采取相应措施。     

A darkling beetle population in West Texas during the 1997–1998 El Niño

We examined the abundance and distribution of Eleodes extricata (Tenebrionidae) in a semi-arid region of West Texas. During the 2-year study, climatic conditions were extreme but opposite, with 1997 being unusually wet and mild, and 1998 being unusually dry and hot. These conditions were associated with striking differences in the population structure of the beetles. Under identical pitfall-sampling efforts, we captured 1562 and 671 individuals in 1997 and 1998, respectively. Capture rates were lowest in grassland, and highest in sand shinnery oak, and within the latter, they were lowest in blowouts, intermediate along the edges of blowouts, and highest under vegetative cover. Sex ratios were consistently female-biased, and the degree of bias increased from spring through fall in both years. These increases were more pronounced in 1998, with the sex ratios of early and late sampling periods differing by over four-fold, from 1·15 to 5·00. Females were heavier than males, and the dry masses of both sexes increased from spring though fall in both years. As with sex ratios, these increases were more pronounced in 1998. Only the largest beetles survived the drought, illustrating how extreme conditions can exert especially strong directional selection, and affect sex ratios in populations with sexual size dimorphism.     

晋、冀、蒙、陕地区淡水资源馈乏的严重性

以陕，蒙，冀，晋为例，阐述了现今地球上淡水资源匮乏的状况，恶化的趋势及危害性，提出了大力提介高效农业，节水农业，少占地，尤其是植树造林，努力改善区域生态,形成水资源的良怀循环；并提出实施的具体措施及方案。     

Seasonal Forecasting for Climate Hazards: Prospects and Responses

One of the most promising developments for early warning of climate hazards is seasonal climate forecasting. Already forecasts are operational in many parts of the tropics and sub-tropics, particularly for droughts and floods associated with ENSO events. Prospects for further development of seasonal forecasting for a range of climatichazards are reviewed, illustrated with case studies in Africa, Australia, the U.S.A. and Europe. A critical evaluation of the utility of seasonal forecasts centres on vulnerability, communicationchannels, and effective responses. In contrast to short-term prediction, seasonal forecasts raise new issues of preparedness and the use of information.     

Results from the Big Spring basin water quality monitoring and demonstration projects,Iowa, USA

Agricultural practices, hydrology, and water quality of the 267-km² Big Spring groundwater drainage basin in Clayton County, Iowa, have been monitored since 1981. Land use is agricultural; nitrate-nitrogen (-N) and herbicides are the resulting contaminants in groundwater and surface water. Ordovician Galena Group carbonate rocks comprise the main aquifer in the basin. Recharge to this karstic aquifer is by infiltration, augmented by sinkhole-captured runoff. Groundwater is discharged at Big Spring, where quantity and quality of the discharge are monitored. Monitoring has shown a threefold increase in groundwater nitrate-N concentrations from the 1960s to the early 1980s. The nitrate-N discharged from the basin typically is equivalent to over one-third of the nitrogen fertilizer applied, with larger losses during wetter years. Atrazine is present in groundwater all year; however, contaminant concentrations in the groundwater respond directly to recharge events, and unique chemical signatures of infiltration versus runoff recharge are detectable in the discharge from Big Spring. Education and demonstration efforts have reduced nitrogen fertilizer application rates by one-third since 1981. Relating declines in nitrate and pesticide concentrations to inputs of nitrogen fertilizer and pesticides at Big Spring is problematic. Annual recharge has varied five-fold during monitoring, overshadowing any water-quality improvements resulting from incrementally decreased inputs. Electronic Publication     

近30年我国气候变化的不稳定性及其与农业生产的关系

引入信息论中熵值分析方法，利用全国七大区１９６１－１９９０年的气象和产量资料，讨论了近年平均气温，最高气温，最低气温和降水量的熵值时空变化类型。详细分析了我国气候变化的不稳定性，在此基础上，定性讨论了气候波动与农业气象灾害的关系及其对农业产量的影响，并分区建立了产量与气象要素熵的回归模型。