个旧老卡岩体凹陷带岩矿特征与成矿机理分析

对云南个旧矿田的典型控矿地带——老卡岩体凹陷带内的矿化特征、岩相学及矿相学特征和流体包裹体进行分析,进一步研究花岗岩凹陷带的成矿机理。研究认为变玄武岩中普遍发育的金云母化是导致变玄武岩型矿床中锡矿化与金属硫化物伴生的原因之一,凹陷带内带所见的金云母化和绢云母化都与成矿有着密切的关系。花岗岩凹陷带的成矿作用经历了花岗岩侵位、花岗岩叠加改造玄武岩内的"矿胚"、花岗岩蚀变、矿化沉淀这四个过程。     

新元古代地幔柱事件在Rodinia超大陆西缘的响应:来自马达加斯加的初步证据

对于Rodinia超大陆西缘在裂解过程中是否发育巨长安第斯型陆弧存在较大争议.马达加斯加即位于古地理再造Rodinia的西缘位置,其太古宙结晶基底中出露有大量新元古代侵入体,是澄清这一争议的理想研究区.由于基性岩浆岩组分识别不足等原因,前人曾认为这些侵入岩形成于俯冲带陆弧环境.但笔者在中北部Alaotra湖地区野外考察期间发现了大量辉长质岩石,对其中典型岩体的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年表明其结晶于798~778Ma之间(最大误差估计).因此,这些辉长岩体事实上与岛内其他新元古代侵入体构成了双峰式侵入岩套,暗示了可能的陆内伸展环境.在此基础上,笔者重新审视了前人已发表的地球化学数据,发现该双峰式侵入岩套的基性组分显示富钾特征和拉斑演化趋势,局部甚至发育了强烈地钒钛磁铁矿化;酸性组分则显示富铁、偏铝-过铝质和碱钙-钙碱性特征,并具有相对较高的K₂O/Na₂O和Ga/Al比值以及高场强元素含量,属于A型花岗岩(铁质花岗岩).这些特征进一步表明该双峰式侵入岩套形成于陆内伸展环境而非陆弧环境.结合本文的初步研究结果和区域地质演化历史,笔者认为马达加斯加这一双峰式侵入岩套很可能是新元古代地幔柱事件在Rodinia超大陆西缘的响应.     

高放废物地质处置北山预选区旧井和新场花岗岩填隙方解石同位素地球化学

为了探讨高放废物地质处置甘肃北山预选区旧井和新场预选地段的古地下流体来源、成因、化学演化历史以及水-岩相互作用,文章系统研究了该地段花岗岩填隙方解石的产出特征及其碳、氧、锶同位素的组成特征。测试结果表明,旧井和新场方解石的δ13 C组成均较稳定且为负值(分别为-11.6‰~-5.7‰和-9.9‰~-5.1‰);δ18 O分别为-0.7‰~19.7‰和10.9‰~21.9‰,旧井方解石具有更宽的δ18 O取值范围。87 Sr/86 Sr也略有差异,旧井为0.708584~0.718749,新场为0.708838~0.732967,二者随深度增加而呈明显的降低趋势。研究表明,北山预选区地下流体来源及成因较复杂,浅部地下水受大气降水的影响较大,深部流体则主要源于地下咸水,为低温流体蚀变成因。花岗岩裂隙中的水-岩反应强度总体较弱,地下水环境相对稳定。相比较而言,新场岩体深部的地球化学环境更稳定,更有利于高放废物的长期处置。     

内蒙古东七一山碱长花岗岩的地球化学特征和成因

东七一山碱长花岗岩是内蒙古北山地区规模最大的稀有金属矿化花岗岩,本文在前期岩石学及成矿特征研究基础上,首次对其岩石地球化学、同位素地球化学及年代学进行了分析探讨。岩石富硅、富碱,贫Ti、Fe、Mg、Mn等基性组分,属高钾钙碱性系列岩石。稀土元素配分模式显示Eu强亏损特征,δEu<0.1,Ba、Sr、P、Ti相对地幔显著亏损,而Rb、Nb+Ta、W、Mo、Li等元素明显富集。两类碱长花岗岩的Rb-Sr等时线年龄为128.2±1.1 Ma,相关系数为0.999 9,ISr=0.709 79,说明岩体的物质来源具有明显的壳源特征。147Sm/144Nd值相对亏损地幔值偏高,而143Nd/144Nd值偏低,Pb同位素以富含放射性成因铅为特征。结合岩石学和产出环境研究成果,认为该碱长花岗岩是在燕山晚期,由区域钾长花岗岩浆在壳层挤压-拉伸环境中进一步分异演化形成的,先形成的是碱长花岗斑岩,构成了似斑状碱长花岗岩的外部相,而似斑状碱长花岗岩是在相对封闭且挥发组分和稀有元素进一步富集、结晶分异较缓慢的过程中形成的,由残余流体产生的自交代作用也相对更发育,导致形成与锂云母化、次生钠长石化和硅化关系更密切的铌-钽、钨、锡、铷等稀有金属矿化。以上认识对在北山地区寻找与中生代花岗岩浆活动有关的金属矿产,特别是铌-钽、钨、锡、铷、钼矿产,具有重要的指导意义。     

Granite is an Effective Helium Source Rock: Insights from the Helium Generation and Release Characteristics in Granites from the North Qinling Orogen,China

Global helium(He) shortage is a challenging problem; however, the types of helium source rock and the mechanisms of He generation and release therein remain still poorly understood. In this study, in order to evaluate the potential of granite as an effective helium source rock, we collected granitic samples from the North Qinling Orogen, Central China, in the south of the helium-rich Weihe Basin. The helium generation and release behaviors in granite were studied through analysis of U and Th concentrations, EMPA images, and He and Ar concentrations and isotopic ratios extracted by crushing and stepwise heating. The results indicate that Ar has a better retention and a lower mobility than He. 3 He/4 He ratios released by crushing and stepwise heating are 0.016–0.056 RA and 0.003–0.572 RA, respectively, where RA is the atmospheric 3 He/4 He of 1.4×10-6, reflecting a crustal and radiogenic source. Helium concentrations extracted by the two ways are 0.13–0.95 ucm3 STP/g and 7.82–115.62 ucm3 STP/g, respectively, suggesting that matrix-sited He accounts for more than 98% of total helium preserved in granite. In addition, the total generated He amounts in granites are calculated based on the measured U and Th concentrations in granitic samples. Dividing the preserved He quantities by the generated He amounts, it turned out that less than 10% of He produced since the formation of the granite is preserved in the rock over geological time, suggesting that more than 90% generated He can be transferred to the Weihe Basin. Temperature and fracture are the two critical factors controlling He release. Based on the relationship between He diffusivity of granites and temperature and the He closure temperatures of a variety of U-and Th-rich minerals(27–250°C), we estimate that He can be partially released out of granite at the depths 400 m and totally released at the depths 7800 m. Fractures provide effective transfer of free He from deep source rocks to shallow reservoirs. Finally, a model on granite as an effective helium source rock is established. We suggest exploring He resources in hydrocarbon basins with granitic basement(or adjacent to granite bodies), high geothermal field, and young active fractures.     

The Late Triassic I–Type Granites from the Longmu Co–Shuanghu Suture Zone in the interior of Tibetan Plateau, China: Petrogenesis and Implication for Slab Break–Off

The Jiangaidarina granitic mass(JM) is an important part of the magmatic belt in Longmu CoShuanghu Suture Zone(LSSZ) in the central Tibetan Plateau. An integrated research involving wholerock geochemistry, zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb ages and Hf isotopic compositions was carried out to define the timing, genesis and tectonic setting of the JM. Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb ages have been obtained ranging from 210 to 215 Ma, rather than the Early Jurassic as previously thought. Fifteen granite samples contain hornblendes and show a negative correlation between P_2 O_5 and SiO_2, indicating that the JM is an I-type granite. All the granites are enriched in LREE relative to HREE, with negative Eu anomalies(Eu/Eu*=0.56-0.81), and have similar trace elements patterns, with depletion of Ba, Nb, Sr and P. These suggest that the JM was fractionated, and this is also proved by the characteristic of negative correlations between oxide elements(TiO_2, MgO, FeOt, MnO, CaO) and SiO_2. Almost all ε_(Hf)(t) values of the granites are between-10.3 and-5.8, implying that the JM has a crustal source intimately related with the South Qiangtang Block(SQB), except for one(+10.2), showing a minor contribution from mantle source.Moreover, relatively low Na_2 O/K_2 O ratios(0.42-0.93) and high A/CNK values(0.91-1.50) reflect that the JM was predominately derived from the medium-high potassium basaltic crust, interacted with greywacke. Our new geochemical data and geochronological results imply that the Late Triassic magmas were generated in a post-collisional tectonic setting, probably caused by slab break-off of the Longmu Co-Shuanghu Tethyan Ocean(LSTO). This mechanism caused the asthenosphere upwelling, formed extension setting, offered an enormous amount of heat, and provided favorable conditions for emplacement of voluminous felsic magmas. Furthermore, the LSTO could be completely closed during the Middle Triassic, succeed by continental collision and later the slab broke off in the Late Triassic.     

粤北油洞岩体SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其成因研究

油洞岩体位于诸广南部岩体中部,是一个重要的产铀岩体,岩性为中粒小斑状二云母花岗岩。SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄为232±4Ma(MSWD=3.2),属于印支早期岩浆活动产物。该岩体在主量元素方面,具有富硅(SiO2平均为72.65%)、富铝(A/CNK值平均为1.12)和高的K2O/Na2O比值(平均为1.79);在微量元素方面,大离子元素富集,Ba、Sr、P、Ti、Nb、Ta亏损明显,具有高的Rb/Sr(平均为8.08)和Rb/Nb比值(平均为20.96);在稀土元素方面,轻稀土明显富集,配分模式呈右倾型,Eu亏损明显;在同位素方面,εNd(t)值低(平均为-11.9),(87Sr/86Sr)i高(平均为0.72330),Nd模式年龄古老(平均为1954 Ma)。这些特征一致表明,油洞岩体属于典型的壳源型花岗岩范畴,是在华南地块和印支地块碰撞结束后不久形成的伸展构造环境中,位于中—下地壳部位的古—中元古代地壳组分由于在地壳缩短之后的伸展、减薄环境下产生的减压、导水和地幔上涌等因素的综合影响下,由泥质岩和砂质岩混合组成的源区发生部分熔融而形成。     

伊通县放牛沟地区早古生代岩浆演化特征及其与矿产关系

伊通县放牛沟早古生代岩浆活动较为强烈,其发展演化与放牛沟多金属硫化物矿床关系极为密切。岩浆活动特点是先喷发后侵入,先期形成钙碱系列的火山—沉积岩系,后期为Ⅰ型中酸性岩浆侵入。该矿床既有火山沉积特征,又有后期岩浆热动力改造特点,其形成受控于岛弧构造环境、火山活动形成的矿源层、后期热动力改造等因素。     

Examples of convective fractionation in high‐temperature granites from the Lachlan Fold Belt

Igneous rocks derived from high‐temperature, crystal‐poor magmas of intermediate potassic composition are widespread in the central Lachlan Fold Belt, and have been assigned to the Boggy Plain Supersuite. These rocks range in composition from 45 to 78% SiO₂, with a marked paucity of examples in the range 65–70% SiO₂, the composition dominant in most other granites of the Lachlan Fold Belt. Evidence is presented from two units of the Boggy Plain Supersuite, the Boggy Plain zoned pluton and the Nallawa complex, to demonstrate that these high‐temperature magmas solidified under a regime of convective fractionation. By this process, a magma body solidified from margin to centre as the zone of solidification moved progressively inwards. High‐temperature near‐liquidus minerals with a certain proportion of trapped interstitial differentiated melt, separated from the buoyant differentiated melt during solidification. In most cases much of this differentiated melt buoyantly rose to the top of the magma chamber to form felsic sheets that overly the solidifying main magma chamber beneath. Some of these felsic tops erupted as volcanic rocks, but they mainly form extensive high‐level intrusive bodies, the largest being the granitic part of the Yeoval complex, with an area of over 200 km². Back‐mixing of fractionated melt into the main magma chamber progressively changed the composition of the main melt, resulting in highly zoned plutons. In the more felsic part of the Boggy Plain zoned pluton back‐mixing was dominant, if not exclusive, forming an intrusive body cryptically zoned from 63% SiO₂ on the margin to 72% SiO₂ in the core. It is suggested that tonalitic bodies do not generally crystallise through convective fractionation because the differentiated melt is volumetrically small and totally trapped within the interstitial space: back‐mixing is excluded and homogeneous plutons with essentially the composition of the parental melt are formed.     

花岗岩残积土动态冲击性能的SHPB试验研究

为研究花岗岩残积土的动态冲击性能,开展了高速冲击下的分离式霍普金森压杆（SHPB）试验,与常规应变率下的试验结果比较,分析了高应变率对花岗岩残积土的应力?应变特性和强度的影响。结果表明：低、高应变率下的花岗岩残积土的?-?a（轴向应力?轴向应变）曲线均呈现出软化型。随着应变率 增加,?-?a曲线向?a增大的方向移动,破坏应变?af增加。但高应变率下?af增加的程度更加明显。花岗岩残积土的峰值强度普遍具有应变率依赖性,二者可用直线关系拟合,但低、高应变率下的拟合关系并不一致。提出了率敏性因子m定量评价依赖性强弱。研究发现,随着应变率的提高,强度的应变率依赖性减弱,低应变率下的m为26.694,而高应变率下仅为0.013。相关试验结果指出,高速冲击荷载对土体总体有害。工程中应该采取合理措施控制冲击荷载的危害。该研究有助于深化花岗岩残积土动态冲击性能的理解,为相关工程的施工与设计提供技术参考。