Community collaboration and climate change research in the Canadian Arctic

Research on climate change impacts, vulnerability and adaptation, particularly projects aiming to contribute to practical adaptation initiatives, requires active involvement and collaboration with community members and local, regional and national organizations that use this research for policy-making. Arctic communities are already experiencing and adapting to environmental and socio-cultural changes, and researchers have a practical and ethical responsibility to engage with communities that are the focus of the research. This paper draws on the experiences of researchers working with communities across the Canadian Arctic, together with the expertise of Inuit organizations, Northern research institutes and community partners, to outline key considerations for effectively engaging Arctic communities in collaborative research. These considerations include: initiating early and ongoing communication with communities, and regional and national contacts; involving communities in research design and development; facilitating opportunities for local employment; and disseminating research findings. Examples of each consideration are drawn from climate change research conducted with communities in the Canadian Arctic.     

旅游地合作研究综述及展望

综述西方旅游地规划管理中合作研究进展,研究内容涉及旅游合作的概念与作用、理论与方法、类型及运作模式、演化过程及阶段特征、影响因子及机制等。国内研究比较注重旅游地合作空间结构的构建,研究成果也较为成熟,而其他方面研究与西方差距较大,有待进一步扩展和深入。基于此,笔者认为旅游地合作的演化及运行机制研究是今后我国旅游地合作研究的焦点,并提出相应的研究框架和方法。     

地震应急协同移动互联应用软件的设计与实现

应急协同是应急管理体系中的关键环节,重特大地震等突发事件往往需要多部门协同实施应急救援服务.本文利用Netty、OkHttp及高德地图API等主流技术,构建基于Android智能手机的移动应用系统.该系统融合了应急协同、应急基础数据查询、灾情实时上报等功能,为地震应急决策服务提供移动端应用支持,提升地震应急工作的联动性...     

全球城市知识流动网络的结构特征与影响因素

在科技全球化时代,城市之间的知识流动日益频繁,成为当代知识生产的重要特征.然而,鲜有从知识流动的视角开展全球城市体系的研究.基于2017年的高被引论文合作数据,采用社会网络分析方法和空间计量模型系统地刻画了全球城际科研合作网络的拓扑结构和空间格局及其影响因素.研究发现:①拓扑结构呈现出以北美、欧洲和亚太城市的三极格局,...     

Relational Hubs for Collaborative Landscape Stewardship

Abstract

Landscape stewardship is considered an important place-based approach to addressing sustainability challenges. Working at landscape-level requires collaboration between diverse landscape stakeholders. In this study, we partnered with local stewardship practitioners across six cases in South Africa to investigate how they facilitate collaboration towards social-ecological sustainability outcomes. We found that practitioners facilitate collaboration among stakeholders by operating as relational hubs in the landscape. Through these hubs, they build new inter-personal relationships among stakeholders, creating social networks which enable stewardship practice. The hubs deepen human-nature relationships by creating enabling conditions for stewards to put stewardship ethics into action. Drawing on insights from these cases, we call for a relational approach to landscape stewardship which focuses on human-to-human and human-to-nature relationships. Moreover, we argue that landscape stewardship initiatives need to re-focus stewardship on stewards, recognizing them as key agents of change in addressing the conflict between agriculture and conservation inherent in many landscapes.     

Tracking a Governance Transition: Identifying and Measuring Indicators of Social Forestry on the Willamette National Forest

Abstract

National Forests in the United States have undergone a spatially and temporally uneven governance transition in response to social and economic pressures and contemporary policy changes, with many national forest units moving from a wholly government-led “dominant federal” model to a more collaborative “social forestry” model in which nonfederal actors have greater influence and authority. Here we report on an effort to develop a suite of indicators designed to capture some of the most tangible elements of a transition from dominant federal to social forestry modes of governance. We pilot test these data on the Willamette National Forest using data from a variety of sources internal and external to the USDA Forest Service. We assess the suitability of these indicators for tracking governance transitions and discuss their applicability to other national forest units nationwide.     

Using Multiple Methods to Understand the Nature of Relationships in Social Networks

Effective natural resource management (NRM) often depends on collaboration through formal and informal relationships. Social network analysis (SNA) provides a framework for studying social relationships; however, a deeper understanding of the nature of these relationships is often missing. By integrating multiple analytical methods (including SNA, evidence ratings, and perception matrices), we were able to investigate the nature of relationships in NRM social networks across five service types (e.g., technical advice, on-ground support) in our case study region, Daly catchment Australia. Only one service type was rated as highly associated with free choice in establishing relationships: technical advice/knowledge. Beneficial characteristics of NRM organizations, such as collaborative and transparent, were associated with the presence of freely chosen relationships between organizations. Our results suggest a need to improve our understanding of organizational roles and characteristics, in particular for use in applied NRM contexts, such as network weaving or disseminating information.     

夜间灯光遥感数据应用研究的文献计量分析——以美国国防气象卫星计划运行线扫描系统为例

为清晰了解国内外美国国防气象卫星计划(DMSP)/运行线扫描系统(OLS)夜间灯光数据应用研究现状和发展态势,该文运用CitespaceIII、Ucinet、Bibexcel等文献分析软件对科学引文索引(SCIE),及社会科学引文索引(SSCI)数据库中DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据研究的相关文献进行统计分析。研究表明:美国、欧洲等国及其研究机构在DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据应用领域的论文影响力大、质量高;美国是全球DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据研究合作网络的中心,中国、欧洲、澳大利亚等国处于次级核心地位;机构层面,美国国家海洋和大气管理局与美国国家航空航天局处于中心地位,中国科学院也占有重要地位;我国在DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据应用研究领域发文量上具有一定优势,但质量有待提高,且与国外合作相对较少;主要研究热点是城市化、人口和经济发展,运用DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据对人口等方面研究是当前热门方向。     

An integrated geospatial information service system for disaster management in China

The Chinese Government and citizens face enormous challenges of disaster management as widespread devastation, economic damages, and loss of human lives caused by increasing natural disasters. Disaster management requires a complicated iterative process that includes disaster monitoring, early detection, forecasting, loss assessment, and efficient analysis of disaster reduction. Each task typically involves the use of technologists and multiple geospatial information resources, including sensors, data sources, models, geo-tools, software packages, and computing resources. However, most existing disaster management systems operate in a typical passive data-centric mode, where resources cannot be fully utilized. This impediment is partially being addressed by the increasingly complex application requirements and the growing availability of diverse resources. In this paper, we summarize and analyze the practical problems experienced by the National Disaster Reduction Application System of China. To address the issues of data-centric, centralized, isolated solutions, we propose a novel Focusing Service Mechanism, which is capable of scheduling and allocating for optimum utilization of multiple resources, to dynamically generate collaborative and on-demand disaster information services. We also demonstrate the design and implementation of the Integrated Disaster Information Service System (IDISS). Through the service strategies of Virtualizing, Wrapping, and Integrating, disaster-related resources are constructed into services in the IDISS. These services are dynamically aggregated into focusing service chains, for diverse disaster management tasks. Actual applications illustrate that the proposed service system can significantly improve the capability of disaster management in China.     

A multistage collaborative 3D GIS to support public participation

This paper presents a collaborative 3D GIS to support public participation. Realizing that public-involved decision-making is often a multistage process, the proposed system is designed to provide coherent support for collaborations in the different stages. We differentiate ubiquitous participation and intensive participation and identify their suitable application stages. The proposed system, then, supports both of the two types of participation by providing synchronous and asynchronous collaboration functionalities. Applying the concept of Digital Earth, the proposed system also features a virtual globe-based user interface. Such an interface integrates a variety of data, functions, and services into a unified virtual environment which is delivered to both experts and public participants through the Internet. The system has been designed as a general software framework and can be tailored for specific projects. In this study, we demonstrate it using a scene modeling case and provide a preliminary evaluation toward its usability.