延川南区块深层煤层气井产能主控因素

深层煤层气井产能高低及影响因素认识不清,制约了其商业化开发进程。对延川南万宝山构造带煤层气生产特征及产能情况进行了总结,从煤层气资源条件、煤层气解吸难易程度和渗流条件3个方面对产能影响因素进行了研究。结果表明,渗透率与含气量是影响产能的主要因素：渗透率大于0.3×10^-3μm²和含气量高于15 m³/t是稳定产气量大于1 000 m³/d的前提条件。含气量主要受埋深和水动力条件影响,埋深越大,水动力条件越弱,含气量越高;渗透率主要受地应力、形变和裂缝发育情况控制,低地应力区和局部构造高点附近渗透率较高。根据渗透率与含气量将构造带划分为高渗高含气、高渗低含气、低渗高含气、低渗低含气4个区。其中,高渗高含气区产液量中等,产气能力高;高渗低含气区以异常高产液、低产气井为主;其他两区产液量和产气能力较低。     

低渗透油藏注采井间压力分布与流态响应研究

利用非线性数学模型,能够全程描述低渗透油藏的非线性流动规律,从理论上给出了低渗透油藏中流态分布的计算方法,分析了注采压差、注采井距和地层渗透率对流态分布的影响,指出了流体在低渗透油藏中以特低速度流动时压力分布的特点,纠正了前人在这个问题上的认识失误。实际岩芯的渗流试验检验了理论的正确性。     

Characteristics of the Submarine Topography and its Profile Type of the Coast of China

Based on the latest submarine topography data of the China 908 Project （China offshore marine environmental comprehensive investigation and assessment）,we analyzed the general China offshore submarine topographical characteristics and the factors influencing its development.The submarine topography off the coast of China follows the NW-SE trend of the land topography.The gradient of the submarine topography ranges from 0.2％ to 1.6％ with an average gradient of about 0.8％.The depth contours run mostly parallel to the coast,and extend out to sea in estuary areas.The submarine topography is dominated by the geological structure,which shows the typical characteristics of two uplifts and two subsidence events from north to south.The geological structure combined with the different sedimentary environments and complex hydrodynamic conditions produced topography that can be characterized by three types：sedimentary basins,compressionuplift,and transition form.In the sedimentary basin and compression-uplift regions,the topographical undulation is small,sediments are fine-grained,and the currents flow in a single direction,leading to bays with sedimentary plains and underwater accumulation slopes,which are of the same tectonic origin.Transition-type topography is characterized by strong undulations and mixed-size sediment particles,terraces and scarps inshore and shelf plains and erosion-deposition landforms offshore.This is a result of incomplete fault block development and repeated transgressions.In the deposition reformation regions （transition form type）,the topography has strong undulations,the sediments are coarse,tidal sand ridges are well-developed at terrigenoussupplied estuaries and convergence zones,and the Holocene sediments are thick,transformed by tides,river runoff,and currents.     

The Globalization of a Panethnopolis: Richmond District as the New Chinatown in San Francisco

This paper briefly reviews the sociological literature on the “New” Chinatown phenomenon stressing its structural location vis-à-vis the “Old” Chinatown and the homeland. It defines the New Chinatown as a panethnopolis, that is a global neighborhood with a majority population of Chinese immigrants and of other ethnic groups of mostly Asian descent. It analyzes more particularly the formation, development, and integration of San Francisco’s Richmond District’s New Chinatown into both the city where it is located and the network of transglobal sites to which it belongs. It provides an interpretation of the New Chinatown as a cultural enclave within the context of globalization theory.     

库水作用下公路岩质岸坡稳定性影响因素综合评判

以三峡库区公路岩质岸坡为研究对象,通过对库水作用的影响效应分析,建立了岸坡稳定性评价的参数指标评价体系以及相应的分级标准。在此基础上。应用影响因素综合评判方法,对实例岸坡进行了稳定性分级评价．评价结果与实际情况基本相符。     

Effects of geology and human activity on the dynamics of salt-water intrusion in three coastal aquifers in southern Spain

 Mathematical modelling of salt-water intrusion processes in three aquifers on the southern coast of Spain (Río Verde, Río Vélez and Castell de Ferro) reveals that, although all three systems are subject to the same climate and seasonal over-exploitation, geological and human factors have very different effects on the dynamics of contamination. In the Río Verde aquifer, the most important influence is the high volume of extractions occurring during the dry season; in Río Vélez, the intrusion is strongly controlled by infiltration of water from the river to the aquifer, and, in the Castell de Ferro system, an intensely karstified carbonate massif lying in contact with both the sea water and the detrital aquifer represents the main entrance point for influx of sea water and subsequent washing of the aquifer. We have undertaken a mathematical simulation of various possible measures to counteract intrusion, according to the specific characteristics of the process in each aquifer. These measures include artificial recharge, use of natural recharge from the river as a hydraulic barrier, and the construction of a low-permeability barrier. Received: 5 December 1995 · Accepted: 12 April 1996     

土壤多样性的概念及其争议

介绍了Ibanez等提出并发展的土壤多样性概念及其计量方法论，简要阐述了利用土壤多样性方法分析全球尺度的土壤空间和分布规律的尝试，进而概括了知名土壤学家和生态学家对土壤多样性及其计量方法论所提出的建设性意见和不同观点，最后讨论了土壤多样性在土壤学及其他相关学科的应用前景。     

豫西地区铝土矿中镓的分布规律研究

镓是一种价格昂贵的稀散金属，其应用前景十分广阔。豫西地区的铝土矿石中含有丰富的镓资源。通过对区内铝土矿石中镓的分布特征做了多方面的对比研究，归纳出镓的分布规律：空间上，在不同铝土矿区的矿石中镓的平均质量分数变化显著，在矿体平均厚度最大的张窑院矿区，矿石中的镓高度富集。时间上，沉积成矿相对较早的铝土矿层，因其长期遭受强烈的表生富集作用，矿石中镓的平均品位较高。从矿石结构类型来看，土状和峰窝状矿石中的镓品位明显高于短、鲕状和致密状矿石。另外，矿石中镓平均含量的变化总与铝土矿富矿体的产出位置关系密切。并且，探讨了铝土矿中镓分布规律的控制因素。     

对坡面径流挟沙力研究的几点认识

坡面径流挟沙力是土壤侵蚀过程模型的核心输入参数。在系统界定坡面径流挟沙力概念的基础上,深入分析了坡面径流水动力学特性和泥沙特性对坡面径流挟沙力的影响及其机制,受降雨、地形、土壤、植被、土地利用、结皮形成、细沟发育和砾石出露等多种因素时空变异的综合影响,坡面径流挟沙力具有强烈的时空变化特征,导致坡面径流挟沙力的测定较为困难。将确定挟沙力常用的方法划分为河流挟沙力方程修正法、推理法、模型模拟法和测量法,比较分析了不同方法的优缺点。未来的研究应该重点关注挟沙力测定方法与技术、坡面径流输沙过程的动力机制、典型土壤的挟沙力、挟沙力方程构建与验证及变化条件下坡面径流挟沙力等方面。     

Extensions to Spatial Factor Methods with an Illustration in Geochemistry

Many applications involving spatial data require several layers of information to be simultaneously analyzed in relation to underlying geography and topographic detail. This in turn generates a need for forms of multivariate analysis particularly oriented to spatial problems and designed to handle spatial structure and dependency both within and between spatially indexed multivariate responses. In this paper we focus on one group of such methods sometimes referred to as spatial factor analysis. Use of these techniques has so far been mostly restricted to applications in the geosciences and in some forms of image processing, but the methods have potential for wider use outside these fields. They are concerned with identifying components of a multivariate data set with a spatial covariance structure that predominantly acts over a particular spatial range or zone of influence. We review the various forms of spatial factor analysis that have been proposed and emphasize links between them and with the linear model of coregionalization employed in geostatistics. We then introduce extensions to such methods that may prove useful in exploratory spatial analysis, both generally and more specifically in the context of multivariate spatial prediction. Application of our proposed exploratory techniques is demonstrated on a small but illustrative geochemical data set involving multielement measurements from stream sediments.