东北亚区域可持续发展的主要科学问题探讨

东北亚各国自然地域相连,社会经济联系密切,形成了东北亚独特的经济地域系统。在全球变化背景下,深入探讨东北亚区域可持续发展面临的主要科学问题具有重要的理论与实践意义。东北亚区域生态经济巨系统的结构、功能和地域分异规律及其动态演变格局是该区域可持续发展的基本科学问题;驱动力因子是该区域可持续发展研究的重要问题;跨境区域社会经济可持续发展模式是该区域可持续发展的核心问题和归宿,而东北亚区域可持续发展支撑平台建设是重要的技术支撑和保障。东北亚、中亚地区作为一个资源、环境、经济和社会复杂巨系统,其可持续发展还有许多重要科学问题,需要该区域科学家联合攻关,共同探索。     

Analysis of spatial temperature variations in regions of massive star formation

Using the 20-m Onsala Observatory telescope (Sweden), we performed observations of the CH₃C₂H(6-5) line toward several regions of massive star formation to estimate the kinetic temperature of the gas and study its variations over the sources. Intense lines were detected in five objects. For these, we estimated the kinetic temperature of the gas near the CS and N₂H⁺ molecular emission peaks by the method of population diagrams. A significant temperature difference between these peaks is noticeable only in W3 and, to a lesser degree, in DR 21. In the remaining cases, it is insignificant. This indicates that the chemical differentiation of the molecules in these regions cannot be associated with temperature variations. The kinetic temperature determined from methyl acetylene observations is usually slightly higher than the temperature estimated from ammonia observations. This is probably because the methyl acetylene emission originates in denser, i.e., deeper and hotter layers of the cloud.     

西秦岭阳山超大型金矿床成因探讨

阳山超大型金矿位于西秦岭南缘勉略缝合带弧顶,目前,该矿床共发现了115条金矿脉,金资源量（包括预测的）超过300t,由于西秦岭地区长期的构造多旋回和多阶段的历史演化,导致了多期构造一热事件和大规模成矿作用的发生,使成矿物质在文县一带的安昌河一观音坝断裂带中聚集成矿。关于该矿床的成因问题讨论颇多,本文从有利的地层、构造、岩浆活动、变质及长期稳定的热流场等成矿环境5个方面论述了阳山超大型金矿的成因。     

Evaluating conservation effectiveness of nature reserves established for surrogate species: Case of a giant panda nature reserve in Qinling Mountains, China

Many nature reserves are established to protect the habitat needs of particular endangered species of interest but their effec-tiveness for protecting other species is questionable.In this study,this effectiveness was evaluated in a nature reserve network located in the Qinling Mountains,Shaanxi Province,China.The network of reserves was established mainly for the conservation of the giant panda,a species considered as a surrogate for the conservation of many other endangered species in the region.The habitat suitability of nine protected species,including the giant panda,was modeled by using Maximum Entropy（MAXENT） and their spatial congruence was analyzed.Habitat suitability of these species was also overlapped with nature reserve boundaries and their management zones（i.e.,core,buffer and experimental zones）.Results show that in general the habitat of the giant panda constitutes a reasonable surrogate of the habitat of other protected species,and giant panda reserves protect a relatively high proportion of the habitat of other protected species.Therefore,giant panda habitat conservation also allows the conservation of the habitat of other protected species in the region.However,a large area of suitable habitat was excluded from the nature reserve network.In addition,four species exhibited a low proportion of highly suitable habitat inside the core zones of nature reserves.It suggests that a high proportion of suitable habitat of protected species not targeted for conservation is located in the experimental and buffer zones,thus,is being affected by human activities.To increase their conservation effectiveness,nature reserves and their management zones need to be re-examined in order to include suitable habitat of more endangered species.The procedures described in this study can be easily implemented for the conservation of many endangered species not only in China but in many other parts of the world.     

西非被动大陆边缘盆地群大油气田形成条件与成藏模式

以板块学说为理论基础,利用IHS能源信息库及新项目评价资料,从西非被动大陆边缘盆地群原型盆地入手,系统剖析了该区大油气田的形成条件与主控因素,建立了大油气田3类成藏模式。研究认为,西非经历了早白垩世贝利亚斯期至巴雷姆期陆内裂谷、阿普特期陆间裂谷、阿尔必期以来的被动大陆边缘3个原型阶段,分别充填了陆相、过渡期泻湖相及漂移期海相沉积体系。陆内裂谷湖相及漂移海相沉积形成了“下湖上海”两套优质烃源岩;过渡早期海侵砂砾岩,漂移期碳酸盐岩、三角洲、深水浊积砂体形成了多套优质储集层;过渡晚期盐岩及漂移期海相页岩分别为盐上及盐下大油气田形成了高效区域封堵。以此为依据,分别建立了南段“盐岩不发育裂谷型”、中段“盐岩发育双层型”及北段“高建设性三角洲型”3类大油气田成藏模式。该研究不但深化了被动大陆边缘盆地油气富集规律,而且能为我国石油公司在该类盆地新项目评价中提供充分的地质依据。     

蒙古国东南部巨斑状二长花岗岩地球化学特征与岩石成因机制探讨

巨斑状二长花岗岩是蒙古洋板块早古生代晚期重要的岩浆记录,其花岗岩年龄和地球化学特征对于揭示蒙古洋板块该时期的构造格局与演化历史有重要意义。对蒙古国东南部出露的巨斑状二长花岗岩进行锆石的LA-ICP-MS法定年,获得锆石U-Pb年龄为(454.3±3.8) Ma,表明该二长花岗岩形成于晚奥陶世。花岗岩的元素地球化学研究结果表明：该花岗岩属高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩;花岗岩具高硅特征,其SiO₂质量分数为69.82%~75.16%,A1₂O₃质量分数为12.91%~14.49%,Na₂O/K₂O为0.60~0.77,过铝质,其铝饱和指数为1.11~1.22,Mg^#指数为39~44;稀土元素总量为(43.47~158.11)×10^-6,稀土元素分布型式为具有明显负铕异常的“燕型”曲线（δEu=0.26～0.49）;在原始地幔标准化的微量元素蛛网图中,Rb、Th、U、K、Zr、Hf和轻稀土元素(如La、Ce、Nd和Sm等)富集,Ba、Sr、P和Ti等元素强烈亏损,Nb和Ta具有中等-弱亏损特点;¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd初始比值较高(0.512 449~0.512 507),平均为0.512 477;ε_Nd(t)为0.2~1.3,均为正值。主量、微量元素和同位素特征表明,该巨斑花岗岩形成于同碰撞向后造山构造体制转换过渡的伸展大地构造环境背景之下。伸展构造和幔源基性岩浆的底侵,很可能是形成花岗岩的2个最主要的动力机制。     

Solar-like Oscillations of the Red Giant ɛ Ophiuchi

Solar-like oscillations have recently been observed in the red giant ? Ophiuchi (G9.5III). The large frequency separation is found to be 4.8 μHz, non-radial oscillation mode has been shown to exist. Based on the observed frequency of oscillations and the position of ? Ophiuchi on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram and by adopting a method of combined calculation of stellar evolution and oscillations, some preliminary constraints on the mass, metal abundance, age and radius of this star have been obtained.     

松辽断陷盆地火山岩大气田形成条件与勘探实践

松辽盆地深层是由30多个孤立的断陷组成的断陷群,火山岩气藏是深层勘探的主要气藏类型。以断陷盆地火山岩大气田形成条件为主线,从深层断陷形成的特征分析着手,通过剖析控源及控藏因素,总结断陷盆地大气田形成条件。指出NNE-NE和NNW-NW两组控陷断裂体系共同控制深层断陷群的形成和展布,断陷沿控陷断裂方向呈带状展布。断陷内火山机构具有明显受断裂控制的不对称特征,沿断裂走向呈条带状分布。每个断陷通常由一个或多个断槽组成,断槽控制烃源岩的分布并自成含气系统,生烃断槽和火山岩在空间的有利配置是形成气藏的关键。环槽富集是深层断陷火山岩气藏最基本的规律,由于断裂控制了断陷、断槽、火山岩的形成分布,改善了油气运聚的通道条件,紧邻生烃断槽的断裂构造带是断陷内天然气有利富集区带;因此深部断裂控制了断陷火山岩气田的区域分布。勘探实践更进一步证明：对于断陷湖盆油气勘探,生烃主断槽是评价和勘探的关键单元;只要生烃断槽优质烃源岩发育,烃源岩与火山岩空间配置关系有利,对于“小而富”的中小型断陷(面积小于3 000 km²),也可以形成火山岩大气田(探明地质储量大于300×108 m³),这些认识推进了勘探思路由寻找大湖盆大断陷到寻找生烃主断槽的转变。     

巨淋巴细胞增生症胸腹部CT表现及诊断结果分析

目的:对巨淋巴细胞增生症胸腹部CT表现及诊断结果进行分析。方法:运用随机抽样的方法选取自2000年1月至2014年9月收集的60例巨淋巴细胞增生症患者,运用西门子16排CT扫描,对所有患者进行CT平扫及增强扫描,对患者的胸腹部CT表现及诊断结果进行分析。结果:CT平扫,具有低或稍低密度15例,缺乏均匀的密度10例。通常情况下,肿块具有较为均匀的密度,胸腹部肿块均有显著强化,部分强化不均匀,腹膜后肿块部分有斑点状、片状高密度钙化存在于中央;缺乏均匀密度的肿块,增强没有显著强化存在于中央;直接征象和间接征象分别为肿瘤部位、大小、形态、边缘、强化方式和附近脏器受压情况。结论:巨淋巴细胞增生症具有较高的胸腹部误诊率,增强扫描病变呈现几乎同步于胸腹部主动脉的显著强化,延迟持续中度强化,在巨淋巴细胞增生症的诊断中具有极为重要的临床意义。