基于范例推理的公路软基处理方案决策模型

随着高速公路的修建,软土问题越来越突出,已成为影响工程质量、建设工期和工程造价的关键因素之一。因此,如何选择技术可靠、经济合理、安全适用的软基处理方案具有重大的理论和现实意义。针对影响软基处理方案决策因素的随机性和未知性,提出基于范例推理的软基处理方案决策模型,对模型的推理机理、软基处理范例库的建立和目标范例与源范例的相似度计算等问题进行了探讨,该模型原理简单、直观、使用方便。实例分析表明,模型是有效的。     

Relative role and extent of marine and groundwater inundation on a dune‐dominated barrier island under sea‐level rise scenarios

Climate change and sea‐level rise will have severe impacts on coastal water resources around the world. However, whereas the influence of marine inundation is well documented in the literature, the impact of groundwater inundation on coastal communities is not well known. Here, core analysis, groundwater monitoring, and ground penetrating radar are utilized to assess the groundwater regime of the surficial aquifer on Bogue Banks Barrier Island (USA). Then, geospatial techniques are used to assess the relative roles and extents of groundwater and marine inundation on the dune‐dominated barrier island under sea‐level rise scenarios of 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 m above current conditions by 2100. Additionally, the effects of rising water tables on onsite wastewater treatment systems (OWTS) are modelled using the projected sea‐level rise scenarios. The results indicate that the surficial aquifer comprising fine to medium sands responds quickly to precipitation. Water‐level measurements reveal varying thicknesses of the vadose zone (>3 to 0 m) and several groundwater mounds with radial flow patterns. Results from projected sea‐level rise scenarios suggest that owing to aquifer properties and morphology of the island, groundwater inundation may occur at the same rate as marine inundation. Furthermore, the area inundated by groundwater may be as significant as that affected by marine inundation. The results also show that the proportion of land in the study area where OWTS may be perpetually compromised by rising water tables under worst case scenarios may range from ~43 to ~54% over an 86‐year‐period. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Novel Approach in Hydrogeochemical Exploration for Uranium Mineralization: an Example from West Central Sinai, Egypt

Groundwater in contact with ore deposits may acquire a chemical composition that could be used as a guide for exploration. Eight well-water samples are collected from a known uranium-mineralized area near Abu Zenima, west central Sinai to examine the applicability of using the hydrogeochemical technique in the search for uranium mineralization in similar arid areas. The analytical chemical data of the ground water is compared with ground radiometric measurements. The obtained results indicate that groundwater affected by uranium mineralization has a specific relativity of major anions expressed essentially as SO4>Cl>HCO3 and to a lesser extent as Cl>SO4>HCO3, associated as a rule with low magnesium content. This association constitutes a signature of uranium mineralization on the composition of groundwater in west central Sinai and could be used as an important exploration guide in the search for uranium deposits in similar areas. Anomalies in Ni, Fe, Zn and Cr and other pathfinder elements in groundwater can furnish geochemical guides to uranium ores. The immobile trace element anomalies, including Zn, Ni and Fe are strongly distributed near the orebody; whereas the relatively mobile trace elements, including Co, U, V and Cr, constitute the dispersion haloes away from the orebody. A new hydrogeochemical discrimination diagram is constructed to be used as a quick and cost effective exploration tool in the search for uranium occurrences in environmentally similar arid areas. Based on the obtained results, a new site for uranium occurrence, west of W. Baba, is delineated and recommended for future detailed geological and geochemical surveying.     

基于多元数据的中国地理空间疫情风险评估探索——以2020年1月1日至4月11日COVID-19疫情数据为例

新冠肺炎（COVID-19）在空间上具有一定的传播风险,对城市的安全健康构成了威胁,防止疫情传播成为紧迫的任务。在2020年1月1日至4月11日,COVID-19疫情经历了发生、迅速发展和趋于稳定的发展过程,利用初期的COVID-19数据进行宏观层面的疫情风险评估,为防疫控制措施提供一定的参考。因此本研究基于行政区划、定点医院、疫情小区以及道路交通等多元数据,在宏观层面提出并构建全国地理空间疫情风险性评估,对疫情风险分布探讨的同时进行评估效果验证,并根据构建指标揭示影响风险的因素及其机理,主要结论： ① 地理空间风险评估具有有效的可行性。② 地理空间疫情风险分布全局Moran's I指数为0.758,具有显著的空间集聚特征。同时,不同的省区市之间的局部LISA值呈现空间差异性,其中高—高聚类省区市占比全国25.81%,风险程度较高,主要分布在湖北、河南、湖南、江西、安徽、浙江、江苏、上海,低—低聚类省区市占比全国9.68%,风险程度较低,主要分布在青海、西藏、新疆。③ 地理空间疫情风险分布与地理区位、道路交通、医疗卫生、疫情现状指标均存在一定的相关性。根据统计学的Pearson相关性分析,其相关指标R ²存在差异,在数值上由高到低依次为疫情现状、地理区位、道路交通、医疗卫生,在属性上其相关因子存在正负2种效应,地理空间疫情风险与武汉市地理距离、定点医院密度以及居民-医院地理距离呈现显著的负相关,其R ²分别为0.813、0.545、0.436,与铁路网密度、公路网密度以及疫情小区密度呈现显著的正相关,其R ²分别为0.751、0.792、0.825。④ 地理空间疫情风险的构成因素错综复杂,其受到多种因子的共同作用,根据空间分层异质性分析,不同因子之间均存在交互作用,其中居民—医院地理距离与公路网密度、铁路网密度交互作用较强,q值分别为0.9842、0.9837。本研究在宏观层面为城市管理中重大疫情的空间资源分配以及区域空间的联防联控策略提供了相应的依据。     

Optimizing an index with spatiotemporal patterns to support GEOSS Clearinghouse

A variety of Earth observation systems monitor the Earth and provide petabytes of geospatial data to decision-makers and scientists on a daily basis. However, few studies utilize spatiotemporal patterns to optimize the management of the Big Data. This article reports a new indexing mechanism with spatiotemporal patterns integrated to support Big Earth Observation (EO) metadata indexing for global user access. Specifically, the predefined multiple indices mechanism (PMIM) categorizes heterogeneous user queries based on spatiotemporal patterns, and multiple indices are predefined for various user categories. A new indexing structure, the Access Possibility R-tree (APR-tree), is proposed to build an R-tree-based index using spatiotemporal query patterns. The proposed indexing mechanism was compared with the classic R*-tree index in a number of scenarios. The experimental result shows that the proposed indexing mechanism generally outperforms a regular R*-tree and supports better operation of Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) Clearinghouse.     

Filling the gap: The geospatial skills shortage in New Zealand

Geospatial technologies span governmental, academic and private commercial sectors, and their potential for growth is considerable. The USA and Australia have trouble meeting demand for geospatial skills. This paper reports on a national survey of 157 organisations that identified a similar geospatial shortage in New Zealand. The paper also details dimensions of the shortage and the current frameworks for meeting the shortfall of skilled professionals. Arising from this skills gap, key challenges facing both the geography and geospatial communities are identified and discussed: raising student numbers, gaining experience, up‐skilling current professionals and raising awareness of the value of the geospatial skillset.     

数字地理空间框架市县一体化研究与实践

在简述数字县域建设所面临形势的基础上,提出了开展“数字地理空间框架市县一体化研究”的必要性,概述了开展这一研究的思路,重点介绍了研究中的关键技术、研究成果在福建省数字县域建设进程中应用的实效,并对今后的应用前景进行了展望.     

一种地理空间数据即服务私有云设计

首先分析了大数据时代地理信息服务存在的问题,介绍了数据即服务的发展现状。然后提出了一种地理空间数据即服务私有云,并设计了其逻辑结构和功能结构。最后,介绍了三种支撑私有云的关键技术。     

一种基于地形轮廓匹配的地理数据AR可视化新方法

地理数据的增强现实可视化技术,是地理信息科学可视化的一个重要的发展方向.作者针对结构特征明显的区域,初探了增强现实技术在地学可视化领域的应用.首先,分别提取视频影像数据的可视轮廓和DEM地形数据的水平轮廓,将两种地形轮廓匹配,实现地理数据的地理坐标系与视频影像的图像坐标系之间的配准,最后模拟了地理数据基于视频影像的AR...     

支持地理空间信息服务质量的OWS框架扩展

OWS是实现地理空间信息广泛共享与互操作的必然趋势,但目前尚缺乏对地理空间信息服务质量的支持,降低了其被采用与推广的程度.本文提出了支持地理空间信息服务质量的OWS框架,包含Q-GISD与Q-WRS两个核心部分,提供了描述地理空间信息服务质量与基于服务质量的服务发布、发现与选择的能力,并设计与实现了一个基于ebXML开...