THE STUDY OF RETRIEVAL THEORY AND METHODS FROM SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING FOR METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS OVER EASTERN ASIA-PARTI:ISPRM AND SRRM

A review of ten-year's practice in developing the improved simultaneous physical retrievalmethod(ISPRM)is given in the hope that some creative ideas can be drawn from it.Theimprovement upon the SPRM is associated with the under-determinedness of this ill-posed inverseproblem.In our experiment,the precondition is observed that prior information must beindependent of the satellite measurements.The well-posed retrieval theory has told us that theforward process is fundamental for the retrieval,and it is the bridge between the input of satelliteradiance and the output of retrievals.In order to obtain a better result from the forward process.the full advantage of every prior information available must be taken.It is necessary to turn the ill-posed inverse problem into the well-posed one.Then by using the Ridge regression or Bayesalgorithm to find the optimal combination among the first guess,the theoretical analogueinformation and the satellite observations,the impact of the under-determinedness of this inverseproblem on the numerical solution is minimized.     

GIS在海洋气象服务中的应用

海洋经济的发展越来越离不开海洋气象服务,随着GIS、Web服务等计算机和船舶通讯技术的发展,海洋气象服务正面临着新的机遇,以GIS为支撑的海洋气象信息库的建立变得日益现实,它的出现不仅有助于人们直观理解和分析大气海洋环境特征的分布情况,克服目前我国海洋气象服务的种种困难,而且必将有助于揭示海区气象环境的变化规律,增强目前海洋气象灾害的监测能力,提高海洋天气预报的水平。     

Temporal replication of the national land cover database using active machine learning

Regional and national level land cover datasets, such as the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) in the United States, have become an important resource in physical and social science research. Updates to the NLCD have been conducted every 5 years since 2001; however, the procedure for producing a new release is labor-intensive and time-consuming, taking 3 or 4 years to complete. Furthermore, in most countries very few, if any, such releases exist, and thus there is high demand for efficient production of land cover data at different points in time. In this paper, an active machine learning framework for temporal updating (or backcasting) of land cover data is proposed and tested for three study sites covered by the NLCD. The approach employs a maximum entropy classifier to extract information from one Landsat image using the NLCD, and then replicate the classification on a Landsat image for the same geographic extent from a different point in time to create land cover data of similar quality. Results show that this framework can effectively replicate the land cover database in the temporal domain with similar levels of overall and within class agreement when compared against high resolution reference land cover datasets. These results demonstrate that the land cover information encapsulated in the NLCD can effectively be extracted using solely Landsat imagery for replication purposes. The algorithm is fully automated and scalable for applications at landscape and regional scales for multiple points in time.     

数据库知识发现技术及其在测绘中的应用

详细介绍了数据挖掘与数据库中的知识发现 (KDD)技术 ,给出了KDD的定义以及KDD具体实现的3种处理模型 ,并从GIS和遥感影像分析两个方面论述了KDD技术在测绘中的应用     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

基于语法层的地图综合信息量原则

地图自动综合的一个首要问题是对地图信息进行数量化,信息量正是对地图表达效率数量化的一种重要手段。本文讨论了地图综合在符号语言学上的层次结构,提出在"典型化"约束下,地图综合应遵循的信息量数量变化规律。该规律为地图自动综合结果的评价提供了数学基础,也能用作基于信息量的渐进式自动综合的评价函数。试验证明,该规律符合地图综合实践的结果。     

如何利用计算机技术进行地图投影变换

在目前流行的计算机制图中，必须面对如何解决使用不同投影的地图资料的问题，本文从实际应用的角度出发，介绍并讨论解决方法及应用手段。     

浅谈分布式数据库在地理信息系统中的应用

随着人类科学技术的飞速发展,信息革命推进了各个学科的共同发展,使许多学科的发展由单一化到多元化,并逐渐形成交叉学科。就地理信息系统而言,多种交叉学科通过各种信息资源构成了它的框架,各种数据组成了它的主体。同时,由于数据量的不断扩大以及地域分布的不断扩散,使得基于网络环境下的分布式数据库得到了前所未有的发展。     

地下管网空间数据模型的建立与应用

城市综合地下管网系统作为城市地理信息系统的重要组成部分是城市科学规划，管理和辅助决策等工作的重要工具，本文结合昆明市综合地下管网信息系统设计和开发的实际工作，探讨了地下管网空间数据模型的建立和应用。     

Quantifying Organization of Atmospheric Turbulent Eddy Motion Using Nonlinear Time Series Analysis

Using three methods from nonlinear dynamics, we contrast the level of organization inthe vertical wind velocity (w) time series collected in the atmospheric surface layer(ASL) and the canopy sublayer (CSL) for a wide range of atmospheric stability ()conditions. The nonlinear methods applied include a modified Shannon entropy, waveletthresholding, and mutual information content. Time series measurements collected overa pine forest, a hardwood forest, a grass-covered forest clearing, and a bare soil, desertsurface were used for this purpose. The results from applying all three nonlinear timeseries measures suggest that w in the CSL is more organized than that in the ASL, and that as the flows in both layers evolve from near-neutral to near-convective conditions, the level of organization increases. Furthermore, we found that the degree of organization in w associated with changes in is more significant than the transition from CSL to ASL.