Normal faults in an accretionary complex formed at trench-trench-ridge triple junction, as an indicator of angle between the trench and subducted ridge

Abstract Normal faults parallel to the trend of an active ridge are formed in the accretionary prism at trench-trench-ridge triple junction, due to continuous spreading of the subducted ridge. Normal faults are observed in the Nabae and Mugi sub-belts, accretionary zones formed by ridge subduction in the Shimanto Belt. Igneous and sedimentary dykes intrude through the previous normal faults. Using these fault and dyke data, intermediate principal axis of stress relating to the normal faulting is determined, and is fitted to the trend of the subducted ridge. Normal faults formed by ridge subduction are useful for plate reconstruction.     

对弧后扩张作用的探讨

俯冲之后的大洋板块继续向陆运动,导致大陆地壳和上地幔内部各圈层在深部发生多层次的水平剪切,引起弧后宽达几千公里地区的裂陷扩张,并形成盆地。其形成的盆地平行于俯冲带。弧后扩张作用的强度和存在与否,取决于仰、俯冲板块双方运动速度矢量的组合类型。离散型产生扩张,聚敛型则以挤压为主。     

Nonlinear dynamic analysis of reinforced concrete frames

This paper presents the theoretical and computational procedure for nonlinear dynamic analysis of reinforced concrete frames under seismic excitations. In the research, physical nonlinearity due to material behavior is introduced for reinforced concrete material and the connection between the material and geometrical nonlinearity is described. An integration procedure for dynamic analysis, based on a step-by-step method with optional iteration, is presented. Results for a series of example analyses are presented to demonstrate the capabilities of the computer program.     

峨眉山玄武岩是弧后扩张的产物吗?

本文对峨眉山玄武岩产于弧后扩张环境的论点提出了质疑。主要论据是:(1)近年来的调查表明,与此相关的金沙江—哀牢山俯冲带(及甘孜—理塘俯冲带)在海西—印支期是向西而非向东消减的;(2)从峨眉山玄武岩的主要和微量元素成分中未探查出可靠的来自消减带的组分;(3)古地磁的观测结果说明,晚二叠世扬子地块位于南半球很靠近赤道的低纬地区,此后扬子地块即迅速向北漂移;(4)世界上绝大多数大陆溢流玄武岩的形成与消减过程无关。因此,作者认为,峨眉山玄武岩的成因与消减作用无明显关系,它的喷发很可能是由于古生代末扬子地块西缘及邻区的地幔区域性上涌,从而导致了有关陆块的破裂和分离。     

一种新的图像拼接方法

在分析了几种图像拼接方法存在的缺点后，依据摄影测量原理，提出了一种基于整体平差的图像拼接方法。实验证明，该方法具有自动化程度高、直接利用图像上的明显特征点、拼接精度高且不限图幅大小等优点。     

基于GIS的城市地震次生火灾蔓延初步研究——以福州市区为例

以W Arcview/GIS为工具 ,结合传统的火焰蔓延数学模型 ,发展了复杂系统条件下城市地震次生火灾蔓延的计算机仿真模型 ,并结合福州市主要建筑物结构类型的具体情况 ,提出了根据建筑物类型来区分不同可燃物类型的划分方案。结合火源、风向风力、可燃物分布等因素 ,该模型在地震时可用以判定某一时段内可能的延烧区域 ,估计地震次生火灾的灾害程度及其直接经济损失     

A new model of back-arc spreading in the Parece Vela Basin, northwest Pacific margin

Abstract Swath bathymetric data, single-channel seismic reflection profiles, magnetic and gravity anomalies in the northern part of the Parece Vela (West Mariana) Basin were obtained by comprehensive surveys conducted by the Hydrographic Department of Japan. The central zone of the Parece Vela Basin is characterized by the north-south trending chain of depressions in a right-stepping en echelon alignment. The morphology of these depressions is diamond shaped and bordered by steep escarpments of 1000-1500 m relative height. These fault escarpments extend northeastward and southwestward from the depressions into the surrounding basin floor and then gradually fade out. These escarpments have an S-shaped trend, and their geometry seems to be symmetric about the depressions. Minor ridges and troughs trending orthogonal to these escarpments are recognized. It is concluded that these depressions and escarpments are the topographic expression of extinct spreading axes and S-shaped transform faults, respectively. The age of the central depressions seems to be young, although details of tectonic processes forming them remains unsolved. The western province of the basin floor and basement is extremely rugged and characterized by minor ridges and troughs trending in a north-south direction. Although magnetic anomalies of the basin are very weak, magnetic lineations trending parallel to the topographic trend are recognizable in the central and western parts of the basin. Based on updated geomorpholog-ical features and magnetic anomalies revealed by the present survey, together with the previously published data including drilling results, it is proposed that the evolution of Parece Vela Basin took place in four stages of opening and tectonic activity: rifting, east-west spreading, northeast-southwest spreading with counter-clockwise rotation of spreading axes, and post-spreading deformation and volcanism. This proposed spreading model of the Parece Vela Basin is similar to that of the adjacent Shikoku Basin. The spreading axes of both basins were segmented and gradually rotated counter-clockwise in a later phase of the basin evolution, after the cessation of relatively uniform spreading nearly in an east-west direction.     

Ergodicity and the ‘scale effect’

Solute plume spreading in an aquifer exhibits a ‘scale effect’ if the second spatial concentration moment of a plume has a non-constant time-derivative. Stochastic approaches to modeling this scale effect often rely on the critical assumption that ensemble averages can be equated to spatial averages measured in a single field experiment. This ergodicity assumption should properly be evaluated in a strictly dynamical context, and this is done in the present paper. For the important case of trace plume convection by steady groundwater flow in an isotropic, heterogeneous aquifer, ergodicity does not obtain because of the existence of an invariant function on stream surfaces that is not uniform throughout the aquifer. The implications of this result for stochastic models of solute transport are discussed. © 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved