北祁连奥陶纪洋脊扩张速率及古洋盆规模的岩石学约束

北祁连奥陶纪期间为一多岛洋，由中间微陆块分隔的三个相对独立的洋盆联合组成。火山岩可区分为洋脊型、洋岛（海山）型及岛弧型三种主要的构造岩石组合类型。根据火山岩化学成分计算获得三个洋盆的扩张速率分别为４．４５ｃｍ／ａ，０．７５ｃｍ／ａ和０．８ｃｍ／ａ；闭合速率分别为４．０５ｃｍ／ａ，３．１０ｃｍ／ａ和４．８７ｃｍ／ａ。奥陶纪末期，三个洋盆相继闭合，形成了下伏的中南祁连陆块—北祁连陆－陆碰撞构造混杂带—上叠的阿拉善陆块三个构造单元叠置的构造构局     

从华北陆块南缘大洋扩张到北秦岭造山带板块俯冲的转换时限

本文以北秦岭造山带华北陆块南缘被动陆缘火山裂谷(大洋?)盆地、早古生代岛弧-弧后盆地和晚古生代岛弧-蛇绿杂岩等构造相带为研究重点,综合利用同位素年代学、古生物年代学、岩石学、岩石地球化学和同位素地球化学等实测数据,系统研究和探讨了北秦岭造山带被动陆缘大洋扩张向俯冲增生造山转换的时限.研究显示:华北陆块南缘由晚新元古代大洋扩张作用转化为板块俯冲作用的转换时限为早奥陶世,约472Ma左右.北秦岭造山带在古生代期间至少存在两期板块俯冲增生造山作用,时代上向南变新,空间上向南向洋内迁移.两次俯冲增生造山作用分别构筑了北秦岭造山带早古生代岛弧-弧后盆地和晚古生代岛弧-俯冲杂岩两条构造相带.     

机载气象雷达扫描的理想模型仿真算法

利用地基多普勒天气雷达数据,提出机载雷达扫描的模拟仿真算法,并建立了仿真扫描的理论模型。该模型利用数据分层几何投影,处理速度较快、精度较高,可应用于扇形扫描和圆锥扫描。在理想情况下,设计了消除地物回波的算法及多普勒速度退模糊的算法。试验表明,仿真回波可应用于机载气象雷达实际观测前的扫描方式可行性研究,有助于分析机载雷达探测的云雨回波特性。     

陆缘扩张型地洼盆地系及其形成机制探讨

本文提出“陆缘扩张型地洼盆地系”这一概念,以突出表述分布于东亚陆缘壳体之上,形成于地洼余动期的张性地洼盆地系列的壳体演化—动力环境。指出陆缘海中的裂陷盆地的成因难于与大洋板块俯冲导致弧后扩张的理论模式相联系,也不同于大西洋型盆地,而是大陆地壳演化到地洼余动期,并经历过华夏期地洼型造山运动之后拉伸裂陷的结果。论证了“岩石圈底层剥落、华夏期地洼造山带拉伸裂陷”是东亚陆缘扩张发生的一种重要机制,进而建立了由华夏期地洼型挤压造山带到盆岭型构造带和陆缘海盆地系的构造发展模式。     

深水盆地中多边形断层的几何特征与形成机制探讨

多边形断层是指一种在平面上呈多边形具有微小断距的张性断层系。自1994年被提出以来, 已有十余年的研究历史, 并在世界50多个被动大陆边缘盆地中被识别出来。研究多边形断层需要高精度的3D地震资料。我们根据琼东南盆地3D地震资料并利用相干切片技术, 首次在琼东南盆地南部发现了多边形断层, 并对其进行了初步研究。多边形断层的成因机制是前期多边形断层研究的重点, 许多学者认为深水沉积物早期压实脱水体积收缩形成的; 也有学者认为重力扩展控制断裂的发育。岩石物性、成岩作用及构造应力是影响多边形断层发育的重要因素。多边形断层对深水盆地的油气储集体的性质和分布; 以及油气、天然气水合物的运移和聚集有着重要的意义。      

多源信息融合中小波变换的应用研究

研究了小波变换在多源信息融合中的应用,主要涉及高分辨率全色影像与低分辨率多光谱影像融合问题及合成孔径雷达与光学影像的融合问题.主要方法是基于地物光谱信息特征的彩色融合与基于几何特征的融合.利用小波技术对整个融合过程加以改进.获得的融合结果表明基于光谱特征信息的融合方法,可以有效地提高多光谱影像的空间分辨率,而基于几何特征的融合方法,可以提高对遥感影像的目视解译效果.视觉效果上就是将高分辨率影像的细节加入到了低分辨率多光谱影像中,并同时保持原始影像的光谱特征.     

Relationship between Formation of Zhongyebei Basin and Spreading of Southwest Subbasin, South China Sea

The Zhongyebei (中业北) basin (ZYBB) is an NE-striking,narrow and small sedimentary basin superimposing the southern 1/2 segment of the proposed spreading axes of the SW subbasin of the South China Sea (SCS).More than 4 500 m strata were identified in the Zhongyebei basin,including the Paleogene lower structure layer and the Neogene upper structure layer.The SW subbasin of the South China Sea has been regarded as an oceanic basin opened by seafloor spreading,as evidenced by the fiat and deep (＞ 4 000 m mostly) seafloor with linear magnetic anomalies,and by the shallow Moho depth of ＜ 12 km as estimated from gravity modeling.The classic model of seafloor spreading predicts that sediments on the oceanic crust are younger and thinner towards the spreading axes.But in the southwestern segment of the SW subbasin,contradictions appear.Firstly,the thick sedimentation in the ZYBB is along the proposed spreading axes.Secondly,the sediments are thinner (500-1 500 m) and younger away from the proposed spreading axes.Thirdly,geological elements of the two sides of spreading axes develop asymmetrically in the southwestern SW subbasin.Two models,the early opening model and the limited modeling model,are suggested for resolving this paradox.The former suggests that the opening of the SW subbasin was in Late Eocene and earlier than the oldest sediment in the ZYBB.The latter proposes that the opening of the SW subbasin was limited to its northeastern portion,and did not extend to the southwest portion.The ZYBB is a rift basin survived from the spreading but subjected to severe syn-spreading magmatic disturbance.The SW subbasin and the ZYBB of the SCS provide a unique opportunity for studying the structural evolution and dynamic mechanism at the tip of a propagating seafloor spreading.Both models have unresolved questions,and further studies are needed.     

Supercontinental cyclicity in the Earth’s evolution

The Earth’s evolution is determined by supercontinental cyclicity with a period of 400 Ma. A supercycle consists of a supercontinental proper and an inter-supercontinental stage, each of which includes two phases, respectively: integration-destruction and fragmentation-convergence. The worldwide analysis of geologic-historic and isotope-geochronologic data supports the existence of such cyclicity. In all, ten supercontinental cycles of supercontinents have been identified; in this case, the most ancient proto-supercontinent was recognized tentatively, Supercontinents identified previously by other researchers fit into this cyclicity. An association between magmatism from mantle plumes and certain phases of supercontinental cyclicity was revealed. Amalgamation and breakup of supercontinents occurred against the background of disymmetry of the Northern and Southern hemispheres of the Earth, which changed its polarity between the cycles.     

唐古拉山东段莫云地区二叠纪玄武岩地球化学特征及源区性质

在青藏高原腹地,二叠纪火山岩分布于唐古拉山东段,古地理上位于北羌塘盆地东缘。对唐古拉山东段莫云地区中二叠世栖霞期尕笛考组火山岩的主量元素、微量元素和Sr-Nd同位素进行了分析。岩相学和地球化学指标显示二叠纪火山岩为玄武岩,该套岩石低SiO2、MgO、K2O和Mg#值(0.39～0.48),富Na2O、TFeO、TiO2、P2O5含量,富集LREE和高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、P、Ti),(La/Yb)N=14.89～23.23,(Gd/Yb)N=2.30～3.58,Eu异常不明显(δEu=0.76～0.99),具有明显的Th正异常和K、Sr负异常,显示与板内碱性玄武岩相似的地球化学特征;同位素组成以低(87Sr/86Sr)i(0.7033～0.7039)、高εNd(t)(+4.2,t=271Ma)为特点,反映岩浆源区既有亏损地幔源(DMM)又有富集地幔源(EMⅠ)的双重属性。岩浆起源可能与地幔柱诱导的软流圈上涌导致含石榴子石橄榄岩的岩石圈地幔部分熔融有关。莫云玄武岩形成于板内伸展环境(初始裂谷),具有主动裂谷作用性质。     

单桩场地液化土横向流动的数值试验分析

强震中,液化土体在重力作用下往往发生水平扩展流动,对桩基础造成了严重破坏,因此有关液化土体流动对桩的影响及其之间的动力相互作用,一直是岩土工程领域研究的热点。通过模拟振动台实验,将这一过程简化为三维的单桩模型进行计算。经过对某一固定流速土体流动的计算,分析得到液化土横向流动中自身的孔隙水压力、变形以及对桩的内力和位移的影响规律。