利用EGM2008位模型计算中国高程基准与大地水准面间的垂直偏差

高程基准面相对于大地水准面的垂直偏差是区域高程基准转换和全球高程基准统一的基础数据.利用最新发布的EGM2008地球重力场模型和中国均匀分布的936个GPS水准点数据计算得出中国青岛大港验潮站的重力位为62 636 852.85±0.07 m2/s2,进而得到中国1985高程基准相对大地水准面的垂直偏差为0.32 m.     

利用EGM2008位模型计算中国高程基准与大地水准面间的垂直偏差

高程基准面相对于大地水准面的垂直偏差是区域高程基准转换和全球高程基准统一的基础数据。利用最新发布的EGM2008地球重力场模型和中国均匀分布的936个GPS水准点数据计算得出中国青岛大港验潮站的重力位为62 636 852.85±0.07 m2/s2,进而得到中国1985高程基准相对大地水准面的垂直偏差为0.32m。     

确定1°×1°厘米级全球大地水准面的模拟实验

介绍了一种基于全球1°×1°（10^-5ms^-2级）重力场模型、较高精度地表浅层物质密度分布模型以及平均海面模型,并利用虚拟压缩恢复法确定全球1°×1°厘米级大地水准面的理论方法,阐述了该方法的实施步骤。模拟实验检验结果表明,对于所用地球模型,采用该方法确定1°×1°全球大地水准面可达到厘米级或更优精度。     

我国省市级大地水准面精化的现状及技术模式

高精度局部大地水准面将为测绘学、地球物理、地球动力学及海洋学等相关学科的发展和应用提供重要的基础地球空间信息。GPS技术结合高精度大地水准面模型可应用于取代传统的高程测量(如三角高程测量和低等级水准测量)，这是当前精化我国省市级大地水准面在测绘领域的主要目的之一。在总结和分析我国目前省市级大地水准面精化的现状、技术模式及特点的基础上，提出了今后精化我国省市级大地水准面的若干建议。     

GPS-gravimetric geoid determination in Egypt

The main objective of this study is to improve the geoid by GPS/leveling data in Egypt. Comparisons of the gravimetric geoid with GPS/leveling data have been performed. On the basis of a gravimetric geoid fitted to GPS/leveling by the least square method, a smoothed geoid was obtained. A high-resolution geoid in Egypt was computed with a 2.5′×2.5′ grid by combining the data set of 2600 original point gravity values, 20″×30″ resolution Digital Terrain Model (DTM) grid and the spherical harmonic model EGM96. The method of computation involved the strict evaluation of the Stokes integral with 1D-FFT. The standard deviation of the difference between the gravimetric and the GPS/leveling geoid heights is ±0.47 m. The standard deviation after fitting of the gravimetric geoid to the GPS/leveling points is better than ±13 cm. In the future we will try to improve our geoid results in Egypt by increasing the density of gravimetric coverage.     

Seamount detection and size estimation using filtered geosat altimetry data

Local changes in the marine geoid (<100 nm in size) correspond well with bathymetric features such as seamounts. Thus the marine geoid height may be used to verify existing features, predict the bathymetry of unsurveyed areas, and fill gaps in existing data. The application of matching high‐pass filters to both the geoid and bathymetry data of an area allows the regional trends to be removed so that only the features remain. Filter values that begin to pass data with wavelengths less than 125 miles and all data with wave lengths less than 70 miles were selected. The high‐frequency variations of the geoid can then be correlated to the bathymetry and a scaling factor between the two calculated. The highest correlations (.81) were achieved using a cut‐off value for the filtered geoid data. A gridded synthetic bathymetry file was created by scaling the filtered geoid to the filtered bathymetry and adding the low pass background bathymetry. The gridded historical bathymetry could then be subtracted from the synthetic bathymetry in an automated method to display probable new features. A final selection of 458 previously unreported major features was then made.     

Studying Indian ocean typical dynamical phenomena using TOPEX observations

TOPEX altimeter data of 1993 have been analyzed to study the following three types of oceanographic phenomena in the Indian Ocean: (1) sea level variability of the Indian Ocean (20⁼S to 25⁼N. 40⁼E to 100⁼E): (2) sea surface height signals of the Somali eddy; and (3) sea surface slope variations of the equatorial Indian Ocean (EIO) spanning 5⁼S to 5⁼N and 45⁼E to 95⁼E. Root‐mean‐square sea level variability revealed the presence of Rossby waves in the southern Indian Ocean. Fast Fourier technique analysis of a few passes near the Somali region is used to study the formation and dissipation of an anticyclonic eddy.     

Unification of vertical datums by GPS and gravimetric geoid models using modified stokes formula

In general, neighboring vertical datums can be compared directly at one or more common points on the border between the datums. This direct method requires leveling and gravity measurements. Such a direct connection is not possible if the datums are separated by an ocean or another body of water. Then a rigorous mathematical model, an indirect approach, may be useful. In order to connect regional vertical datums, a rigorous mathematical model is derived based on a method by Rummel and Teunissen. In this study, two vertical datums are connected indirectly by means of a combination of precise geocentric positions of tide gauge sites and their geoid heights in one geocentric coordinate system and their height values in the respective height datums. This method is used to connect the Swedish and the Finnish height systems. The difference between Swedish RH70 and the Finnish N60 height systems is estimated to —12.1±2.7 cm. The results are mostly in good agreement with those of the direct approach by Sjöberg and by Ekman and the indirect approach by Pan and Sjöberg.     

Determining the Gravitational Gradient Tensor Using Satellite-Altimetry Observations over the Persian Gulf

With the advent of satellite altimetry in 1973, new scientific applications became available in oceanography, climatology, and marine geosciences. Moreover, satellite altimetry provides a significant source of information facilitated in the geoid determination with a high accuracy and spatial resolution. The information from this approach is a sufficient alternate for marine gravity data in the high-frequency modeling of the marine gravity field quantities. The gravity gradient tensor, consisting of the second-order partial derivatives of the gravity potential, provides more localized information than gravity measurements. Marine gravity observations always carry a high noise level due to environmental effects. Moreover, it is not possible to model the high frequencies of the Earth's gravity field in a global scale using these observations. In this article, we introduce a novel approach for a determination of the gravity gradient tensor at sea level using satellite altimetry. Two numerical techniques are applied and compared for this purpose. In particular, we facilitate the radial basis functions (RBFs) and the harmonic splines. As a case study, the gravitational gradient tensor is determined and results presented in the Persian Gulf. Validation of results reveals that the solution of the harmonic spline approach has a better agreement with a theoretical zero-value of the trace of the Marussi gravitational gradient tensor. However, the data-adaptive technique in the RBF approach allows more efficient selection of the parameters and 3-D configuration of RBFs compared to a fixed parameterization by the harmonic splines.     

Airborne Gravimetry Survey for the Marine Area of the United Arab Emirates

The Military Survey Department (MSD) of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) undertook an airborne gravity survey project for the marine area of the country in 2009, especially to strengthen the marine and coastal geoid in the near-shore regions. For the airborne gravity survey, 5 km spacing coast-parallel flight lines were planned and surveyed. These lines were supplemented by cross-lines in order to assess the quality of the airborne gravity surveys. The flight lines were extended 10 km, spacing lines further offshore. A Beech King Air 350 aircraft was used for the surveys, collecting data at a typical flight speed of 170 knots and a typical flight elevation of 900–1500 m, depending on weather conditions and topography. Gravity was measured with a ZLS-modified LaCoste and Romberg gravimeter (S-99), augmented with a Honeywell strap-down inertial navigation system unit. The estimated accuracy for the airborne gravity data is better than 2.0 mGal r.m.s., as judged from the airborne track crossovers. The new airborne gravimetry data changed the UAE coastal geoid by up to 30 cm in some regions, highlighting the importance of airborne gravity coastal surveys.