新疆矿山地区环境地质问题探讨

新疆矿产资源极为丰富，矿业开发带动了地区经济的发展，但由于人为不合理开发，加上地区脆弱的生态环境，导致了资源破坏、地质灾害和环境污染等一系列的环境地质问题。引起矿山地区环境恶化的主要原因有历史因素、政策、经济技术、地方保护主义及环保意识差等。随着西部大开发，我国将进一步加大矿业开发力度，走出“先开发、后治理”的误区，使矿业开发和环境保护健康协调发展。     

基于栅格空间信息定量化的湖南西部地区生态环境综合评价

以湖南西部地区为研究区域,采用遥感影像作为主要数据源,针对区域主要生态问题,利用栅格数据结构为主的数字环境模型,建立了生态环境质量综合评价模型. 对区域生态环境质量的空间分异格局进行了研究,通过将评价结果与数字高程模型迭加分析,研究了生态环境质量的垂直地带性分布规律,探索适合以山高坡陡为主要地貌特征的山区生态评价方法,结果显示,湖南西部地区生态环境综合指数呈正态分布,大部分地区环境质量属一般. 总体环境状况东南部好于西北部,河谷盆地优于山地. 研究表明,利用遥感和地理信息系统技术进行区域生态环境评价,具有数据采集快速、客观,评价和制图自动化,评价结果空间定位精度高,直观性与实用性强等优点.     

中国冷杉、云杉和落叶松属植物的地理分布

根据大量的植被分布资料,利用地理信息系统软件,将经纬度投影的中国地图划分为1×1°的经纬网格,直观地把冷杉、云杉和落叶松3属的植物分布显示在中国地图上,并对其分布及其丰富度进行分析。结果表明,川丁滇北是3属植物共同的现代分布中心;3属植物垂直分布的海拔高度随纬度增加而降低,沿经度方向,由于青藏高原的存在,在经度95～105°E之间存在高度分布极大值,而这种变化趋势由于复杂的生境出现而常常遭到破坏。文章还简要分析了3属植物分布格局的关系以及3属分布格局的地史成因。     

基于GIS的滑坡CF多元回归模型及其应用

目前基于GIS滑坡变形失稳危险性评价方法均有各自的局限性。本文在基于数据的数学统计模型的基础上提出CF多元回归模型。通过将滑坡确定性稳定系数与回归模型的融合，在一定程度以解决了滑坡评价过程中影响因子的选择和量化的问题，有利于建立准确的滑坡分析模型。最后，将模型应用于云南小江流域，进行了该区的滑坡空间分布及稳定性分析。     

Habitat, occurrence and conservation of Saharo-Arabian-Turanian element Forsskaolea tenacissima L. in the Iberian Peninsula

The aim of this study is to assess the Iberian populations of Forsskaolea tenacissima L. according to its biogeographical interest, habitat, geographical range and conservation status. Results point out that they are restricted to gravel wadis of Tabernas Desert (SE Spain), are scarcely included in protected areas and represent historically isolated populations with relict behaviour. We also describe a new association, Senecioni-Forsskaoleetum tenacissimae. Conservation status of species is cause for concern and two conservation actions must be carried out. Firstly, protected areas should house Forsskaolea populations and secondly, phytosociological characterization of a community allows inventorying its habitat and directing conservation efforts to community level.     

基于关系数据库的邻接域处理

本文就跨图幅的地物(邻接域)的管理问题作了一些有益的探讨，为了达到有效管理这个目的，本文采用Oracle公司提供的空间数据插件Spatial将空间数据和属性数据存入Oracle数据库中，这样不仅可以通过标准SQL语句可下裁任意区域的数据，而且数据库还会自动维护数据的完整性。因此，用空间数据库的管理方式使邻接域问题就不存在了。     

不确定性选址问题探讨

阐述了GIS网络分析中不确定性选址问题的基本模型及特性。从问题的定义可知其为NP完备类问题。推导了最优解在紧条件的下界算法,并结合广义Powell算法及遗传算法,提出了不确定性选址问题的混合遗传算法,实验证明,在最优解的品质和收敛速度上都达到了比较好的效果。同时,实验的结果从另一个角度证明,如果兼顾收敛速度和解的品质这两个指标,单纯的遗传算法未必比其他搜索算法更优越,采用一些局部搜索性能较好的算法结合遗传算法,可以从两方面改善求解效果。     

Engineering geology of loess and loess-like deposits: a commentary on the Russian literature

Loess and loess-like deposits were much studied in the Soviet Union, and are currently under investigation in Russia and surrounding countries. There is a vast literature in Russian, which touches on all aspects of loess science and technology. In particular, the studies of the origin of collapsibility are almost totally in Russian, and of course studies on the various regions of Russia and the countries of the Former Soviet Union FSU appear in Russian. This review looks at the literature in Russian and attempts to pick out key contributors, major topics and works and to identify the critical regions and zones of investigation. Because so many regions of the FSU had people living on loess ground, there is a vast literature on engineering geology and ground engineering topics, and this tends to dominate all the literature on loess in Russian. Following Russian practice, the fine-grained deposits under consideration are divided into loess and loess-like deposits. Three main topics are recognised across the whole spectrum of loess research: formation and distribution of loess deposits; stratigraphy, cyclicity and palaeoclimatology; and engineering topics, in particular hydrocollapse and subsidence, and we concentrate on the engineering geology topics. An attempt is made, based on the map of Abelev and Abelev [Abelev, Yu.M., Abelev, M.Yu., 1968. Fundamentals of design and construction on collapsible macroporous soils, 2nd ed. Stroiizdat, Moscow, 431 pp. (in Russian)] of collapsing loess deposits, to define seven loess regions within the geographical limits of the old USSR. The seven regions are those where geotechnical problems might be expected.     

Permeability Estimation with the Augmented Lagrangian Method for a Nonlinear Diffusion Equation

We consider numerical identification of the piecewise constant permeability function in a nonlinear parabolic equation, with the augmented Lagrangian method. By studying this problem, we aim at also gaining some insight into the potential ability of the augmented Lagrangian method to handle permeability estimation within the full two-phase porous-media flow setting. The identification is formulated as a constrained minimization problem. The parameter estimation problem is reduced to a coupled nonlinear algebraic system, which can be solved efficiently with the conjugate gradient method. The methodology is developed and numerical experiments with the proposed method are presented.