Geographical and vertical variation of the earth's seismicity

Information concerning a total number of 13700 instrumentally recorded earthquakes is used to study the geographical and the vertical distribution of the Earth's seismicity. From these earthquakes, which form four complete samples of data (M 7.0, 1894–1992; M 6.5, 1930–1992; M 6.0, 1953–1992; M 5.5, 1966–1992), 11511 are shallow (h 60 km), 2085 are of intermediate focal depth (61 h 300 km) and 564 are deep focus earthquakes (301 h 720 km). The parameters a and b of the frequency-magnitude relationship were calculated in a grid of equally spaced points at 1° by using the data of earthquakes located inside circles centered at each point. The radius of the circles increased from 30 km with a step of 10 km until the information for the earthquakes located inside the circle fulfil three criteria which concern the size of the sample used to compute these parameters at each point of the grid. The results are given in a qualitative way (epicenter maps) as well as in a quantitative way (mean return periods).     

应用地理信息进行无资料地区流域水文模拟研究

无资料或资料缺乏地区的流域径流模拟是水文学研究中的一个重要的课题.提出了应用地理信息系统分析流域的地理信息参数,进行降雨径流模拟的水文模型.该模型中,产流计算采用美国水土保持局(SCS)的径流曲线数法,流域汇流则采用经本文作者改进的三角形单位线.着重阐述了利用地理信息系统,从流域的地理信息中分析和确定模型参数,还简要介绍了该模型在爱尔兰Dodder河上的应用情况.     

Glacier inventory of the Gran Campo Nevado Ice Cap in the Southern Andes and glacier changes observed during recent decades

The Gran Campo Nevado (GCN) forms an isolated ice cap on the Península Muñoz Gamero (PMG) located 200 km to the south of the Southern Patagonia Icefield (SPI). We present a glacier inventory of the GCN made up by 27 drainage basins (in total 199.5 km²) and other small cirque and valley glaciers of the southern part of PMG (in total 53 km²). The glacier inventory is based on a digital elevation model (DEM) and ortho-photos. Contour lines from maps, relief information derived from Landsat TM satellite imagery from 1986 and 2002 and stereoscopic data from aerial photos were combined in a knowledge-based scheme to obtain a DEM of the area. A digital ortho-photo map based on aerial photos from 1998 and several ortho-photos based on aerial photos from 1942 and 1984 could be produced from the initial DEM. A geographical information system (GIS) served to outline the extent of the present glaciation. All major glaciers of the GCN show a significant glacier retreat during the last 60 yr. Some of the outlet glaciers lost more than 20% of their total area during this period. Overall glacier retreat amounts to 2.8% of glacier length per decade and the glacier area loss is 2.4% per decade in the period from 1942 to 2002. We hypothesise that GCN glaciers may have reacted faster and more synchronously with the observed warming trend during recent decades when compared with the SPI.     

浅谈地理国情普查成果质量检查与验收流程

本文结合湖南省地理国情普查成果质量检查与验收的实际工作情况,根据相关标准规范,对改进和细化后的地理国情普查成果检查验收流程进行总结阐述。     

山东沿海菲律宾蛤仔不同地理群体遗传多样性的AFLP 分析

利用AFLP技术对山东沿海菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)4个野生群体(乳山、无棣、牟平、即墨)进行了遗传多样性分析。采用6对引物组合对4个群体进行扩增,共得到356个位点,乳山群体、无棣群体、牟平群体和即墨群体的多态位点比例依次为74.40%、70.50%、72.80%、74.70%,具有较高的遗传多样性水平。其中,即墨群体多态性比例最高,无棣群体多态性比例最低。聚类分析表明,各群体间的遗传距离为0.0263~0.0448,乳山群体和无棣群体间的遗传距离最近(0.0263),两群体首先聚在一起,随后与牟平群体和即墨群体聚在一起。     

3S技术在辽宁省海岛地名普查中的应用

3S技术因具有快速、准确、实时的导航定位、对地实测和强大的空间信息加工、处理和分析能力,在国防、气象、灾害监测与环境保护、能源、交通、土地资源勘察等领域得以广泛应用。辽宁省海岛地名普查首次采用了3S技术,实现了海岛地名信息和海岛地理基础数据调查与管理的一体化,达到了海岛地理实体、数据信息、外业调查照片的一致性,建立了海岛地名信息系统。详细介绍了辽宁省海岛地名调查中,3S技术在数字化、导航定位和信息识别、提取、勘测、分析、处理以及数据集成等环节中的应用。     

地理环境与时空行为对主观幸福感的影响研究进展

主观幸福感是目前国内外研究热点,与提升居民生活质量和建设宜居城市密切相关。已有大部分文献侧重单一空间尺度的研究,分析社会经济属性和地理环境要素(包括建成环境、社会环境、环境污染)对主观幸福感的影响;也有部分研究关注居民日常出行属性和活动特征对主观幸福感的作用机制,探讨长期幸福感与短期幸福感的内在关系。论文对上述研究进行较为系统的梳理与评价,综合考虑地理环境、时空行为与主观幸福感的复杂关系,构建主观幸福感的理论研究框架,总结时空行为视角下多尺度、多维度地理环境要素对主观幸福感的影响机制以及作用路径,并探讨主观幸福感的时空动态规律以及微观行为机制,为改善城市人居环境、优化居民行为模式提供科学依据和政策建议。     

Classification and detection of dominant factors in geospatial patterns of traditional settlements in China

Journal of Geographical Sciences - The geospatial distribution pattern in traditional Chinese settlements (TCSs) reflects the traditional harmony between humans and nature, which has been learned...     

基于GIS的广东省综合运输体系规划信息平台构建研究

广东省交通运输厅从2012年起,组织分期研究开发基于地理信息系统的广东省综合运输体系规划信息平台（简称＂平台＂）,旨在建立健全统一的全省交通运输业数据采集、发布标准及技术管理规范,分别构建5大类运输方式线网及重要的运输枢纽站场节点的多级图层,叠加形成全省综合运输体系布局规划＂一张图＂。＂平台＂采用4层设计,依托后台管理、应用分析和综合展示3大子系统,搭建了基础地理信息、经济社会、交通运输现状、综合运输体系规划成果及其他共5大类数据库,＂平台（一期）＂于2014年3月26日通过验收,实现了多维度、多视角展示和查询交通运输业数据成果的预期功能。研究实践将力促综合运输体系规划研究和决策方式实行根本性变革。     

基于全景影像的增强地理现实配准方法研究

介绍基于全景序列影像的增强地理现实构造方法,分析地理现实、地理空间数据以及全景序列影像三要素间的关系和研究的趋势。结合柱面投影理论实现地理空间数据到全景序列影像的转换,完成由虚拟空间向真实空间的定位配准,并给出一种用于验证可行性的非平均特征点采样方法,为进一步研究提供理论基础。