地理国情监测成果在农业、旅游领域中的应用

开展地理国情监测工作的目的是为了获取自然与人类社会经济活动引起的地表变化信息,具体包括地表自然要素、人文地理要素和社会经济信息的空间分布特征及其相互关系,是基本国情的重要组成部分,为政府管理决策、企业生产运营、人民群众生活提供数据基础和决策依据。本文基于地理国情监测数据,结合多种测绘地理信息数据和技术手段,探讨如何利用地理国情监测成果促进农业与旅游业的发展,以期深入挖掘和提升监测成果价值,全面拓展监测成果应用服务的新思路、新方向。     

城市地理研究中的单分形、多分形和自仿射分形

分形几何学在城市地理研究中具有广泛的应用,然而很多基本概念却让初学者感到迷惑。如何区分单分形、自仿射分形与多分形,是一个基本而重要的问题。简单分形容易理解,而真实的地理现象很少是单分形的。城市生长过程具有自仿射特征,而城市空间格局却具有多分形性质。作者发现,各种分形的共性在于三个方面：标度律、分数维和熵守恒。论文基于标度、分维和熵守恒公式,借助隐喻城市生长的规则分形来区分单分形、多分形和自仿射分形,讨论分形系统演化的机理、分形与空间自相关和空间异质性的联系,同时澄清一些在地理分形研究中的常见错误概念。最后以城市位序-规模分布为例,说明并对比单分形和多分形在城市地理研究中的建模与应用思路。     

食物系统认知进展及其地理学研究范式探讨

食物关系国计民生,中国食物系统面临诸多挑战,耕地资源趋减、环境压力临界、农业劳动力流失、消费需求快速转型等对食物系统功能提出更高要求,地理学的综合性和系统性思维为应对这些问题提供了有效的工具和视角。尽管食物系统得到世界银行、联合国粮农组织以及其他国际各方的高度关注,但目前国内对食物系统的研究却严重不足。论文对食物系统的认知进展进行了深入分析,归纳了食物系统的概念认知历程、类型、特征,梳理出食物系统的研究脉络,包括从“概念”存在到“方法”存在、从线性认知到系统认知、从经济活动到食物景观、从现象描述到时空嵌入等,以此凝练出食物系统的核心内涵与认知进展;在科学哲学范式、人地关系范式、空间范式和系统科学范式指导下,论文遵从“格局—结构—过程—机理”由表及里的研究脉络,进一步探讨了食物系统的时空格局、要素结构、演化过程和发展机理,尝试构建了食物系统的地理学研究范式,研究结论旨在为推动食物系统视角基础研究和实践应用提供参考和借鉴。     

The Cabo Frio upwelling overrides geographical patterns in the population dynamics of the shrimp Artemesia longinaris Spence Bate, 1888 (Decapoda: Penaeidae)

Upwelling areas are among the most productive ecosystems on the planet, influencing the biology of marine organisms. This study investigated the population dynamics of the shrimp Artemesia longinaris in two regions in southeastern Brazil, one inside (Macaé—Rio de Janeiro State) and one outside (Ubatuba—State of São Paulo) the Cabo Frio upwelling area. The aim was to verify the influence of the upwelling phenomenon on the abundance, growth, longevity, size of sexual maturity, and reproductive period of the species. In total, 188,902 individuals were captured at Macaé and 3,461 at Ubatuba. Individuals captured at Macaé showed larger maximum size, higher longevity, and slower growth rate, besides reaching sexual maturity at larger sizes than at Ubatuba. Continuous reproduction was observed in both regions, with juvenile recruitment peaks in spring and summer. Local conditions observed at Macaé were influenced by the Cabo Frio upwelling zone, characterized by productive and cooler waters that are around 20°C during most of the year. The upwelling phenomenon is probably the main factor influencing the population parameters studied here, changing the geographic patterns previously observed for the variation of these parameters in A. longinaris.     

基于CityEngine的校园三维建模

针对平面地图描述建筑物不直观、复杂且具有限制性的缺点,以CityEngine软件为平台,选取铜陵学院为研究区域,对其进行三维可视化研究。利用ArcMap软件对铜陵学院的Google影像图进行矢量化,通过Cityengine软件创建新场景,基于CGA语言建立了研究区主要建筑物、道路、运动场、绿化区的三维模型。实验结果表明,虚拟三维场景地图相较二维平面图更直观、完整,对三维城市建模具有较好的应用与参考价值。     

基于地理国情数据的城区老工业区搬迁改造实施监测

基于国产高分辨率卫星影像和基础性地理国情监测数据,利用GIS技术分析了2013~2017年大渡口滨江老工业区搬迁改造实施的效果。结果表明,绿地面积呈增加趋势,增加量为1.28km^2,主要为天然草地;城市建设用地不断增加,用地性质日趋合理,其中工业用地、物流仓储用地和公共服务设施用地不断减少。空气质量总体较好,呈明显的季节性变化趋势。2017年空气质量优良天数为283d,说明搬迁改造工作成效显著。     

地理国情监测成果应用探讨

地理国情监测成果内容十分丰富,应用前景广阔,做好普查成果应用工作是开展地理国情监测工作的重点和宗旨。边监测边应用使监测成果落地,充分发挥在政府服务、资源调查监测等方面的支撑作用意义重大。     

基于地理信息的大型场馆区域人员疏散模型设计

采用了Geodatabase空间数据模型,建立了地理信息数据库,设计了基于地理信息的人员疏散模型。     

混合式全球网格划分方法及编码研究

根据基于多面体剖分的球面网格划分方案和基于地理坐标的等间隔网格划分方案的优缺点及地图投影的特点,提出了一种混合式全球网格划分方法。这种划分方法将全球分成了六个面片,每个面片的每一边都是90°,其中四个面片处于南北纬45°之间,以等距离圆柱投影为基础,采用矩形网格覆盖;两个面片处于高纬地区,以极地正方形变换为基础,采用不规则四边形网格覆盖。详细地阐述了网格的编码策略及存储方式,并给出了网格编码与地理坐标之间的相互转换方法。     

Regional and temporal changes in bivalve diversity off the south coast of Portugal

From 2000 to 2006, a total of 75 bivalve species were identified, varying from 29 (spring 2001) to 54 species (spring 2005) per year. Seasonal tendencies in diversity varied according the year, thus the interpretation of long-term and regional scales is essential before drawing any conclusions in other studies. Richness and diversity consistently decreased with depth and increased with sediment grain size (from low in very coarse sand to high in coarse silt). Diversity decreased progressively from 3 to 16 m depth, thus the harsher shallower environments (due to waves and tidal air exposure) showed greater diversity than the most stable areas. Communities in finer sediments were more diverse than those in coarser sand. Evenness showed patterns opposite to diversity, overall.Diversity and evenness maps (produced with multivariate universal kriging), showed that most geographic areas with greater diversity were farer from river outflows and wastewater treatment plants. Two types of geographic pattern were observed: areas with persistently greater bivalve diversity through time and areas that changed locally from year to year. This spatial analysis can be used to establish priority conservation areas for management purposes, and to analyse the persistency of regional diversity patterns. The area with most habitat heterogeneity (Sotavento) corresponded to greatest diversity.There was a positive relationship between Spisula solida and Chamelea gallina landings and bivalve diversity 2 years and 1 year later, respectively. Possibly, local fisheries, by selectively withdrawing the commercial numerically dominant species from the ecosystem, increased diversity 1 to 2 years later, as the ecological niches of the dominants are quickly filled by several other species thereby creating a more even community. On regional scales, no significant impact was found on long-term bivalve diversity in local fisheries,