近30年胶州湾海水中主要化学污染物时空变化特征

根据近30年胶州湾海域的历史监测资料和2007年5,8,10月3个航次的现场调查资料,分析了胶州湾表层海水中溶解无机氮(DIN)、磷酸盐(PO4-P)、石油烃和化学需氧量(COD)等化学污染物的年均浓度和平面分布的长期变化规律,并应用富营养化状态指数(E)对海域水质进行了评价和分析.结果表明,1980年代至今,胶州湾海水中DIN年均浓度呈不断上升趋势,变化范围为6.14～33.19 μmol·dm-3;PO4-P、石油烃呈先上升、后下降的趋势,其中PO4-P浓度变化范围为0.32～0.92 μmol·dm-3,石油烃为28.26～79.13 μg·dm-3;COD呈先降低、后升高的趋势,变化范围为0.57～1.60 mg·dm-3.从污染物平面分布看,DIN、PO4-P高值区主要集中在东北部海域,进入21世纪后向西部海域转移;石油烃呈由东向西递减的趋势;COD呈东北和西北沿岸海域浓度较高,向中部和南部逐渐降低的趋势.富营养化评价结果表明,1980年代,胶州湾海域E值<1,未达到富营养化状态;1990年代至今,E值超过1并呈逐渐增大的趋势,表明富营养化程度逐渐加重, 2007年E值达到4.15.从E平面分布看,富营养化区域主要集中在东北和西部沿岸邻近海域,这主要是受到陆源营养盐和其他污染物大量排放的影响.     

用VML实现地理空间数据可视化

分析了矢量标记语言(VML)和MapInfo的MIF／MID数据交换文件的特点,在此基础上详细叙述了MIF／MID文件格式到VML格式的转换过程,实现了MapInfo图形数据在IE中的显示与浏览,从而验证了用VML实现地理空问数据可视化的可行性。     

Seasonal and spatial variation in species diversity, abundance, and element accumulation capacities of macroalgae in mangrove forests of Zhanjiang, China

The objective of this study was to investigate whether there was distinctive seasonal and zonal variation in the species diversity, biomass, and element accumulation capacities of macroalgae in two major intertidal mangrove stand types （Avicennia marina assemblage andSonneratia apetala assemblage） in the Zhanjiang region of southern China. Over a year, 31 species in 15 genera were identified in both mangrove assem-blages, of which the dominant species wereCladophoropsis zollingeriand Enteromorpha clathrat.Macroal-gal species were significantly most abundant in spring （p〈0.05）, followed by summer, winter, and autumn. Variation in the zonal distribution of macroalgal species was conspicuous in both intertidal mangrove as-semblages, with the greatest abundance in the middle zone, and the least in the front zone. Patterns in the seasonal and zonal variation in macroalgal biomass in theS. apetalaassemblage were similar to those of macroalgal species diversity in both mangrove assemblages. The seasonal patterns in tissue concentrations of 15 analyzed elements were not uniform among the macroalgaeC. zollingeri,E. clathrata, andGracilaria salicornia in theA. marina assemblage. All three species exhibited variation in their responses to ambient concentrations of different elements, implying their differential ability to absorb and selectively accumulate certain elements.     

大气CO2浓度升高对繁茂膜海绵滤食海水细菌能力的影响

通过模拟大气CO_2浓度升高,研究其对海绵滤食细菌功能的影响。在模拟大气CO_2浓度升高生态系统中,探究了大气CO_2浓度387、500、750和1 000mmol/mol环境下繁茂膜海绵(Hymeniacidon perlevis)滤食灭菌海水中大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli AS 1.1017)和灿烂弧菌(Vibrio splendidus)的能力。结果表明:在24 h实验期间,模拟大气CO_2从目前约387mmol/mol升高至500mmol/mol,繁茂膜海绵滤食大肠杆菌和灿烂弧菌效率提高了。当模拟大气CO_2 750mmol/mol时,繁茂膜海绵滤食海水中大肠杆菌和灿烂弧菌功能都下降了,说明繁茂膜海绵已经受到大气较高浓度CO_2损害。模拟大气CO_2为1 000mmol/mol时,繁茂膜海绵基本丧失了滤食海水中大肠杆菌和灿烂弧菌的功能。上述结果可为了解大气CO_2浓度对近岸海洋生态系统的影响提供科学依据。     

Distribution of dissolved oxygen and causes of maximum concentration in the Bering Sea in July 2010

According to data obtained in the Bering Sea during the 4th Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition, the distribution of dissolved oxygen(DO) was studied, causes of its maximum concentration were discussed, and the relationships between DO and other parameters, such as salinity, temperature, and chlorophyll a were analyzed. The results showed DO concentration ranged from 0.53 to 12.05 mg/L in the Bering Sea basin. The upper waters contained high concentrations and the maximum occurred at the depth range from 20 to 50 m. The DO concentration decreased rapidly when the depth was deeper than 200 m and reached the minimum at the depth range from 500 to 1 000 m, and then increased slowly with the depth increasing but still kept at a low level. On the shelf, the DO concentration ranged from 6.53 to 16.63 mg/L with a mean value of 10.75 mg/L, and showed a characteristic of decreasing from north to south. The DO concentration was higher in the area between the Bering Sea and Lawrence Island and was lower in the southeast and southwest of Lawrence Island at the latitude of 62°N. The formation of maximum DO concentration was concerned with phytoplankton photosynthesis and formation of the themocline. To the south of Sta. B07 in the Bering Sea basin, the oxygen produced by photosynthesis permeated to the deeper water and the themocline made it difficult to exchange vertically, and to the north of Sta. B07, the maximum DO concentration occurred above the themocline due to phytoplankton activities. On the shelf, the oxygen produced by phytoplankton photosynthesis gathered at the bottom of the thermocline and formed the DO maximum concentration. In the Bering Sea basin, the DO and salinity showed a weak negative correlation(r=0.40) when the salinity was lower than 33.1, a significant negative correlation(r=0.92) when the salinity ranged from 33.1 to 33.7, and an irregular reversed parabola(r=0.95) when the salinity was greater than 33.7.     

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数字海洋虚拟水下数字地形实现的关键技术

数字海洋是数字地球的重要组成部分,其中实现虚拟的三维水下数字地形模型尤其关键。但常规的地理信息系统软件(如ArcG IS等)尚不具备建立大区域数字海洋系统所需的一些关键功能。因此,根据数字海洋的特点,论述了数字海洋系统中实现水下数字地形的若干关键技术,即二重变换数字化技术,等深线到栅格数字地形直接生成技术,以及基于球面的三维地形显示技术等,并以数字南海系统开发作为实例,对提出的技术方法作了具体的实现验证。     

台州湾海域表层沉积物中多环芳烃的浓度水平、富集规律及来源

研究了台州湾海域海水和表层沉积物中15种多环芳烃(PAHs) 的浓度水平,评价了表层沉积物对多环芳烃的富集规律,探讨其可能来源.结果表明,表层沉积物中 PAHs 的浓度范围为85.4～167.6 ng / g,平均值为138.62 ng/g,总多环芳烃的最大值是椒江码头.表层沉积物中二环、三环、四环、五环和六环多环芳烃占总多环芳烃的百分含量平均值分别为7.8 %,42.1 %,33.3 %,9.6 % 和 7.2 %,三环多环芳烃的含量最高;表层沉积物对多环芳烃的富集系数为 532.7～1 068.9,平均值为 807.5,单组分菲的富集系数最高为 122.7,最小的是苯并(a) 芘为 2.7;台州湾表层沉积物中的多环芳烃主要来源于燃煤污染,部分来源于石油烃类物质的直接污染.     

山东半岛沿岸海域悬浮体时空分布及形成机制分析

依据2015年GOCI(geostationary ocean color imager)卫星影像反演的悬浮体浓度数据,分析了山东半岛沿岸海域表层悬浮体质量浓度和锋面月变化特征,揭示该海域悬浮体的分布特征和扩散格局,并结合风速、波高以及海表温度数据,对其控制因素进行初步探讨。结果显示:研究区内悬浮体质量浓度整体表现为冬季最高,春秋次之,夏季最低的分布特征;悬浮体扩散过程可以划分为4个阶段,冬季稳定外输,春季向岸退缩,夏季近岸贮存,秋季向外扩散。此外,山东半岛近岸存在一条悬浮体质量浓度高于10 mg/L的浑浊带,该浑浊带同样表现出季节变化,它在秋季开始形成,其悬浮体含量、幅宽及延伸范围在冬季达到最大,春季减弱,夏季消失。研究认为山东半岛沿岸海域的表层悬浮体来源主要是海底沉积物的再悬浮。风场、海浪以及沿岸流的强弱变化对悬浮体分布和输运的季节变化有重要的控制作用:风场和海浪影响海水混合搅拌强度,改变海底沉积物再悬浮作用的临界深度,进而影响表层海水悬浮体浓度,致使悬浮体浓度与风浪的月际变化趋势基本一致;沿岸流携带高浓度悬浮体沿山东半岛输运形成沿岸浑浊带,沿岸流的强度变化直接控制浑浊带的季节变化。     

波-流作用下悬沙体积比垂向分布研究

在悬沙体积比垂向分布的研究中往往只研究悬沙体积比时均浓度分布,忽略悬沙体积比随时间的变化。而Wikramanayake悬沙模型采用时不变的紊动黏滞系数,利用奇异摄动理论中的多重尺度法分离波流作用下悬沙运动的对流扩散方程,将悬沙体积比按照时均值和周期分量进行了分析。作者在Wikramanayake悬沙模型中的周期浓度的基础上考虑了对流项的影响,从而使描述瞬时悬沙体积比的数学模型更加合理。