Molecular identification of bloom-forming species Phaeocystis globosa(Prymnesiophyta)and its dispersal based on rDNA ITS sequence analysis

Abstract-The colony-forming Phaeocystis species are causative agents of dense bloom occurrences incoastal waters worldwide. It is difficult to separate them because of the different morphologies associatedwith their colonial stages. In this study we applied molecular approaches to analyze the genetic variationof Phaeocystis globosa and Phaeocystis pouchetii from several geogrtaphic regions, and to assist in tracingthe dispersal of bloom-forming Phaeocystis species in coastal waters of China. The Sequences of the inter-nal transcribed sacers (ITS1 and ITS2) of rDNA and the 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene of Phaeocystisstrains were determined. Sequence comparison shows that P.globosa was the most divergent toP. pouchetii, exhibiting sequence divergence higher than 0.08. However, lower genetic divergences ex-isted between strains of P.globosa. The sequence comparison of the Phaeocystis rDNA ITS clearlyshows that the species isolated from the southeast coast of China is identified as P. globosa rather thanP. cf. po     

山东半岛东部诸岛水域叶绿素—a含量和初级生产力

据１９９０．１１－１９９１年８月期间，山东半岛东部诸岛水域调查资料，分析了该水域叶绿素－ａ含量的时空分布和初级生产力的分布与变化，此分布与该水域的温度和营养盐水含量密切相关。叶绿素－ａ含量的季节变化分三种类型，年变幅为０．１１－１２．８１ｍｇ／ｍ＾３，年平均值为１．１７ｍｇ／ｍ＾３。初级生产力夏季〉春季〉秋季〉冬季，年变幅为２３．００－７９１．６０ｍｇ．ｃ／ｍ＾２．ｄ年平均为１５２．０ｍｇ．ｃ／ｍ     

Spatial Variation in the Structure of Kelp Forest Communities Along a Wave Exposure Gradient

Abstract. Four sites were sampled in kelp (Macrocysiis pyrifera) forests occupying rocky bottom habitats along a wave exposure gradient in central California. Consistent betwecn-site differences were found in the three major structural elements - the surface canopy, the undcrstory assemblage, and the ground cover/turf assemblage - of kelp forest communities. Macrocysiis pyrifera was found at all four sites. Nereucyslis tuelkeana only at the most exposed site. The understory kelps Laminaria setchellii and Pterygopltora californica were also characteristic of exposed sites. Articulated coralline algae were more abundant at exposed sites than protected, while fleshy red algae showed the opposite pattern. All four study sites were located along 8.5 km of coastline, and thus were assumed to have available to them the same species pool for colonization. The substrate composition was the same and the amount of unconsolidated substrate was similar at all four sites. We suggest that exposure to wave-generated water motion, through its influence on the surface canopy and therefore on the amount of light reaching the bottom, is responsible for these between-site differences.     

Application of the first internal transcribed spacer(ITS-1) of ribosomal DNA as a molecular marker to population analysis in farrer''s scallop Chlamys farreri

Sequence variation of the first internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA （ ITS - 1 ） was examined and its application to the study of genetic variation was explored in four populations of farter＇ s scallop Chlamys farreri. ITS - 1 fragments, with a length of about 300 bp,of 78 individuals collected from Dalian, Qingdao, Yantai in China and Korea respectively were amplified via PCR, cloned and sequenced. Intra-genomic variation was examined by sequencing several clones of single individuals. Alignment and polymorphism analysis detected 44 haplotypes and 50 polymorphic sites which consist of 30 substitutions and 20 indels, indicating a high level of polymorphisms. Sequence analysis also showed a very low level of intra-individual variation. All these features validated the feasibility of application of ITS - 1 fragment to population analysis. Polymorphism analysis showed that the Korea sample has the richest genetic variation, followed by Yantai and Qingdao samples. AMOVA （analysis of molecular variance） showed that the majority （96.26%） of genetic variation was distributed within populations and 3.74% resulted from among populations, but with P 〈 0.05 （ = 0.042）, indicating that the populations in this study have significant divergence. This output was basically concordant with the result arising from RAPD data and different from that from mitochondrial 16S rDNA sequence data. Discussion on this inconsistency was made accordingly.     

渤海湾天津近岸海域水环境空间变异分析

由于海岸带的地理条件和海洋动力特性的复杂性以及人类开发活动对海岸带的影响,近岸海域的生态环境系统在空间分布上有很大的变异性.基于现场实测资料,建立系统的空间变异分析模型,对海岸带生态环境空间变化规律进行分析,可以充分了解不同区域的污染特征和变化趋势.应用所构建的空间变异分析模型对渤海湾天津近岸海域的水环境特性进行分析,结合对应年份的入海流量及其变化,分析了天津渤海湾海岸带污染的主因子和区域水环境的分布特征,结果可以对海洋功能区的划分和水环境综合评价结果进行验证和补充.     

海水养殖鱼类细菌性疾病研究概况

本文概述性地介绍了发生在海水养殖中的常见细菌性疾病包括弧菌现、链球菌症、卡诺氏菌症、细菌性肾病、巴斯德氏杀菌症、爱德华氏症、滑走细菌症和杀鲑气单胞菌症等的主要症状、流行情况及病原菌特征，通过遗传育种筛选有抗病力的养殖品种是人们正在努力的方向，目前的研究重点主要在鱼类抗病能力方差分析研究及抗病育种的方法研究，免疫接种是提高养殖鱼类对某一特定性病原菌的最有效的方法，目前已有三十多种菌苗上市，通过使用免疫刺激剂提高鱼类的非特异性免疫力已显示一定的应用前景，虽然抗菌素由于存在抗药菌株和鱼体残留，但它仍是目前对细菌性疾病疾病的常规疗法，而海洋藻类提取物对细菌的抑制作用已被人们所认识，它将会成为一种有潜力的抗菌药物。     

厄尔尼诺现象和浙江近海鲐鲹鱼渔获量变化关系──长江口ENSO渔场学问题之二

本文研究浙江近海1970年到1992年鲐鱼渔获量变化与Elnino现象的关系，结合捕捞强度，长江中下游汛期（4—9月）降水量距平年际变化综合分析，探讨浙江近海鲐鱼渔获量变动规律，为合理开发渔业资源提供科学依据。     

Effect of Sea Level Variation on Tidal Characteristic Values for the East China Sea

1 .IntroductionTheglobalairtemperatureroseabout 0 .5～ 0 .6°Coverthepast 2 0thcentury ,andtheglobalmeansealevelincreasedbyabout2 0cmduringtheperiod .Theregionalmeansealevelriseswiththerisingglobalmeansealevel.Zuoetal.( 1 997)indicatedthatthemeanrisingrateofabsolutemeansealevelalongtheChinacoastontheassumptionofunifiedisostaticdatumis 2mm a .Woodworth( 1 999)analyzedsealevelspanning 1 76 8tothepresentinLiverpool,andobtainedaseculartrendforheperiodupto 1 880of0 .39± 0 .1 7mm a ,andatrendfort…     

五个短蛸群体等位基因酶的遗传变异

采用水平淀粉凝胶电泳技术研究了山东沿海莱州（LZ），烟台（YT）、青岛（QD），日照（RZ）和大连（DL）五地短蛸自然群体的等位基因酶遗传变异。分析了AAT，ALP，EST，GRS，G6PD，SDH，CAT，SOD，IDH，GPI，PGM，G3PD，MPI，ME，MDH，CK，AK等同工酶在短蛸外套肌和肝脏组织中的表达情况，并对同工酶进行了生化遗传分析，LZ，YT，QD，RZ，DL五个群体的多态位点比例分别为15％，5％，10%,10%,10%(P0．99），群体平均杂合度观测值分别为0．024，0．001，0．009，0．007，0．006，平均位点有效等位基因数分别为1．200，1．022，1．061，1．103，1．077。结果表明，LZ群体的遗传多样性较高，同时，各群体中普遍存在杂合子缺失现象，对五个群体的遗传距离进行聚类分析，构建了系统树图。