内蒙古东胜地区砂岩型铀矿赋矿地层方解石胶结物C、O同位素特征和成因模型

砂岩型铀矿赋矿地层方解石胶结物C、O同位素组成对研究成矿机制具有重要的理论和实践意义。前人在成矿流体来源定性判断方面做了大量的研究工作,但缺乏对成矿混合流体的组分特征及相关参数的定量认识。根据内蒙古东胜地区东南部皂火壕和西北部纳岭沟铀矿床赋矿地层直罗组方解石胶结物C、O同位素组成特征,建立了渗出热卤水和渗入地层水两种不同流体混合生成方解石胶结物C、O同位素组成定量成因模型,并研究了两种流体来源、溶解碳的浓度比、流体比例以及热液温度等综合因素。除少数样品方解石胶结物为地层沉积时形成外,大部分方解石胶结物是热卤水与地层水两种流体混合作用的结果,古生界有机酸脱羧作用导致热卤水中富含CO2。东胜地区砂岩型铀矿成矿流体地层水与热卤水比例为0.5~0.9,地层水所占的比例较大;热卤水与地层水溶解碳浓度比主要范围为1.5~5.0,部分大于10.0,热卤水中溶解碳浓度较高,是富含CO2的流体。混合流体温度分为两个主要范围55~80℃、90~140℃,结合古盐度和盐度指数反演,表明成矿流体为有机与无机混合成因的低温热液流体。用砂岩型铀矿赋矿地层方解石胶结物C、O同位素组成,可定量模拟两种流体溶解碳浓度比、流体比例和方解石形成时温度等流体成矿条件,解释碳酸盐胶结物成因,以便从成矿流体角度更好地理解成矿作用过程。     

大菱鲆体重和形态性状的遗传动态分析

In order to elucidate the genetic mechanism of growth traits in turbot during ontogeny, developmental genetic analysis of the body weights, total lengths, standard lengths and body heights of turbots was conducted by mixed genetic models with additive-dominance effects, based on complete diallel crosses with four different strains of Scophthalmus maximus from Denmark, Norway, Britain, and France. Unconditional genetic analysis revealed that the unconditional additive effects for the four traits were more significant than unconditional dominance effects, meanwhile, the alternative expressions were also observed between the additive and dominant effects for body weights, total lengths and standard lengths. Conditional analysis showed that the developmental periods with active gene expression for body weights, total lengths, standard lengths and body heights were 15–18, 15 and 21–24, 15 and 24, and 21 and 27 months of age, respectively. The proportions of unconditional/conditional variances indicated that the narrow-sense heritabilities of body weights, total lengths and standard lengths were all increased systematically. The accumulative effects of genes controlling the four quantitative traits were mainly additive effects, suggesting that the selection is more efficient for the genetic improvement of turbots. The conditional genetic procedure is a useful tool to understand the expression of genes controlling developmental quantitative traits at a specific developmental period(t-1→t) during ontogeny. It is also important to determine the appropriate developmental period(t-1→t) for trait measurement in developmental quantitative genetic analysis in fish.     

IFQs and total factor productivity changes: The case of the Gulf of Mexico red snapper fishery

This study investigates changes in the total factor productivity (TFP) and identifies the main sources of TFP growth following the adoption of an individual fishing quota (IFQ) program in the Gulf of Mexico red snapper commercial fishery. Utilizing an unbalanced panel of 722 vertical line vessels Malmquist indices were derived from an output-oriented stochastic distance frontier. The analysis shows that the IFQ program had a positive impact on the productivity of the fleet and that most of the productivity gains were due to improvements in technical efficiency. The study also finds that changes in technical efficiency were time variant suggesting that the exit of the less efficient vessels and easing of command and control regulations such as trip limits and short fishing seasons were responsible for most of these gains. Changes in the exploitable biomass of red snapper were found to have a moderate impact on productivity growth whereas the impact of technological progress was minimal.     

嵊泗列岛海域三种贻贝贝体框架性状对壳重的影响效应

以嵊泗列岛海域2+龄厚壳贻贝同生群养殖个体、同域生长的1+龄紫贻贝同生群养殖个体以及混于厚壳贻贝和紫贻贝养殖筏架中的"杂交贻贝"为实验对象,以壳宽SW、壳长SL、壳高SH(BD)、OA(壳顶至韧带末端的直线距离)、OB(壳顶至壳背面最高点的直线距离)、OC(壳顶至壳后端最远点的直线距离)、OD(壳顶至壳高性状在腹缘的落点的直线距离)、AB(韧带末端至壳背缘最高点的直线距离)、BC(壳背缘最高点至壳后端最远点的直线距离)、CD(壳后端最远点至壳高性状在腹缘的落点的直线距离)为贝体框架变量,采用多元分析方法系统比较了三者贝体框架性状对壳重的影响效应。结果表明:(1)3种实验贝壳重的变异系数均大于各贝体框架性状,"杂交贻贝"各测定性状的变异系数均为最大,而厚壳贻贝和紫贻贝间则均接近;(2)3种实验贝各贝体框架性状与壳重的相关系数均达到极显著水平(P0.01),三者中仅"杂交贻贝"各贝体框架性状间的相关系数也均达到极显著水平(P0.01);(3)经通径分析,厚壳贻贝被保留的3个贝体框架性状与壳重的复相关指数为0.868,它们对壳重的直接作用呈OCSHSW,紫贻贝被保留的2个贝体框架性状与壳重的复相关指数为0.700,它们对壳重的直接作用呈OCSW,"杂交贻贝"被保留的3个贝体框架性状与壳重的复相关指数为0.931,它们对壳重的直接作用呈SLSHOA;(4)经多元回归分析,得到了用于估算厚壳贻贝、紫贻贝和"杂交贻贝"壳重的回归方程。     

长江、黄河和辽河水系中华绒螯蟹野生和养殖群体遗传变异的微卫星分析

我国中华绒螯蟹(以下简称河蟹)养殖主要集中在长江、黄河和辽河流域,经过多年的人工养殖、跨流域引种和增殖放流等活动可能会对其遗传特性造成一定的影响,因此本研究利用29个微卫星标记对3个水系的野生和养殖群体进行了遗传特征分析。结果表明:(1)6个群体均表现出较高的遗传杂合度水平(Ho=0.702—0.744),香农信息指数(I)显示6群体的遗传多样性水平依次为:长江野生长江养殖黄河野生辽河养殖黄河养殖辽河野生。(2)分子方差分析(AMOVA)结果显示,来源于种群内个体间和个体内部的变异分别为14.02%和85.88%,群体间的遗传分化处于较低水平(FST0.05);(3)瓶颈效应和遗传结构分析显示,所有群体近期均经历过有效种群的降低,且6种群内个体的遗传组成混杂。综上所述,三水系野生和养殖群体均具有较高的遗传多样性,长江和黄河野生群体的遗传多样性略高于养殖群体;三水系河蟹野生群体的遗传分化与地理距离具有一定的相关性,长江养殖群体、黄河野生及养殖群体间的遗传分化较小可能与其跨流域引种及养殖群体逃逸造成其种质混杂有关。     

不同流域光倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus hollandi)子一代及其亲本的线粒体COI 基因遗传变异分析

对2 组光倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus hollandi)杂交子一代(长江♀×北江♂子一代, 北江♀×长江♂子 一代)及其亲本(北江♀、♂, 长江♀、♂)的线粒体COI 基因序列进行了分析。在18 个样品中共检测到 8 个单倍型和35 个核苷酸多态位点。通过序列差异分析和遗传距离比较发现, 核苷酸序列同源性在 98.1%-99.9%之间, 遗传分化不明显。杂交子一代的5 个单倍型与其母本的2 个单倍型的核苷酸同 源性在99.4%-99.8%之间。而与父本的同源性分别为98.5%、98.2%、98.2%、98.4%、98.1%.实验 结果表明两种杂交子一代的线粒体 COI 基因严格遵循母性遗传规律。     

West versus East Mediterranean Sea: origin and genetic differentiation of the sea cucumber Holothuria polii

We studied the genetic structure of the sea cucumber Holothuria (Roweothuria) polii (Delle Chiaje 1823) by analysing the mitochondrial DNA variation in two fragments of cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and 16S genes. Individuals were collected in seven locations along the Mediterranean Sea, which cover a wide range of the species distribution. We found high haplotype diversity for COI and moderate diversity for 16S, and low nucleotide diversity for both genes. Our results for the COI gene showed many recent and exclusive haplotypes with few mutational changes, suggesting recent or ongoing population expansion. The Western and Eastern Mediterranean populations exhibited slight but significant genetic differentiation (COI gene) with higher genetic diversity in the East. The most ancient haplotype was not present in the westernmost sampling location (SE Spain). The oldest expansion time was observed in Turkey, corresponding to mid‐Pleistocene. Turkey had also the highest genetic diversity (number of total and exclusive haplotypes, polymorphisms, haplotype and nucleotide diversity). This suggests that this region could be the origin of the subsequent colonizations through the Mediterranean Sea, a hypothesis that should be assessed with nuclear markers in future research.     

Phylogeography of Ophryotrocha labronica (Polychaeta,Dorvilleidae) along the Italian coasts

Species of the genus Ophryotrocha are a well‐studied group of organisms but, despite the relatively large body of biological studies, little is known about their intra‐specific patterns of genetic diversity. In the present study, we analysed the patterns of genetic variation in samples of Ophryotrocha labronica (Polychaeta, Dorvilleidae) collected along the Italian coasts within three regions with different thermal regimes: the Northern Adriatic Sea (NAS), the Ligurian Sea (LS), and the South/Southeast Sicilian Sea (SS). A partial sequence of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene was used as a genetic marker. An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed significant genetic differentiation between the NAS and the other regions. Conversely, little or no genetic structuring was found between the LS and the SS or amongst locations within a given region. A Bayesian phylogenetic tree and a median‐joining network provided evidence for the occurrence of two highly divergent genetic lineages characterized by a high average sequence divergence (17.2%, Kimura two‐parameter distance). The spatial patterns of genetic variation found in O. labronica may reflect the signature of past expansion events of the two genetic lineages. Although the high sequence divergence suggested that cryptic speciation within O. labronica may have occurred, other traits such as the absence of reproductive isolation, pattern of phenotypic variation and habitat specificity prompted us to regard the two groups as distinct COI lineages of O. labronica.     

图像预处理对人脸识别系统性能影响研究

目前多数工程化人脸识别系统是基于子空间算法的,针对子空间算法识别系统中稳定性和抗干扰性不高的问题,从图像预处理的角度出发,通过Matlab仿真Eigenface和Fisherface两种算法识别过程,建立起图像差值模型,同时引入不同预处理方法进行比较,根据类间距离和类内距离的变化,从中确定出最优的预处理方法,改善算法识别率和效率,实验结果表明,加入合适的图像预处理可以增强识别系统的强壮性.     

全极化SAR图像边缘检测的随机距离法

提出了一种基于复Wishart分布随机距离的PolSAR图像边缘检测方法,将统计学中的随机距离理论引入PolSAR图像边缘检测中,依据的主要原理是边缘两侧类别之间随机距离的大小与边缘的方向和两侧类别差异的高度相关性。通过模拟数据对随机距离检测边缘的性能进行了全面分析,表明随机距离具有准确的边缘定向和定位能力。并利用基于复Wishart分布随机数生成器模拟的PolSAR图像和一景机载全极化SAR图像进行了验证。试验结果证实了该方法检测边缘的效果。