Dense water generation on a shelf: the case of the Adriatic Sea

The paper overviews recent and past studies of preconditioning, generation and spreading of North Adriatic Dense Water (NAdDW), by analysing both transient episodes and climatological data. The importance of wind stress, heat and water fluxes, and particularly river discharges during the preconditioning and generative period is emphasized, as well as the advection of saline levantine intermediate water from the southeast. After the generation, NAdDW affects deep and bottom layers of the middle and south Adriatic Sea, flowing as a dense current and mixing with the adjacent waters; it can be traced even in the Otranto Strait, contributing to the formation of deep water in the Eastern Mediterranean. Objective shortcomings and the projections in NAdDW investigations are also discussed, due to their high importance in the circulation of the Adriatic Sea, which may relate other similar basins around the world.     

中国西北侏罗系烃源岩中生油组分和成烃作用

中国西北侏罗系烃源岩中生油组分和成烃作用王飞宇何萍赵长毅（石油大学，北京１０２２００）（石油勘探开发科学研究院，北京１０００８３）关键词生油组分成烃作用煤和陆源有机质生油岩西北侏罗系烃源岩中国西北侏罗系煤系地层作为油源岩正日益受到重视。在吐鲁番盆地［...     

Concentrated flow erosion in cultivated catchments: Influence of soil surface state

Concentrated flow erosion is the dominant form of winter erosion in northern France. This study correlates the ephemeral rill and gully volumes measured in 20 cultivated catchments (4–95 ha) for three consecutive winters with the size of the potential runoff-contributing areas. These areas were identified by characterizing soil surface state through crust development stage, importance of surface wheel tracks and roughness grade. A single and significant relationship was found between the size of runoff-contributing areas, estimated by this criterion, and the rill and gully volumes. This identified the proportion of the catchment area occupied by fields with a degraded surface structure as the main factor controlling the variability of erosion in a context of concentrated flow erosion on cultivated land. The extension of degraded areas was shown to be controlled by dynamic interactions between weather, land occupation and soil physical properties. This criterion accounts for the uneven distribution of rainfall in space and time. Morphological factors, such as talweg length and slope, are believed to determine part of the residual variability.     

MEASUREMENTS OF ICE-FORMING RATES PRODUCED BY SUPERSONIC FLOW AND INVESTIGATION OF MECHANISMS OF ICE CRYSTAL GENERATION

The ice forming rates p_i produced by supersonic flow have been measured in supercooled fog suspended in a coldchamber at temperatures of 0 to-12℃.It has been shown that the ice-forming rates are 10~(11)to 10~(12)crystals per gramof air at Mach numbers of 1.1 to 1.84 and total pressures below 6 atm,and that the ice-forming rates slowly increasewith increasing Mach numbers and total pressures and with decreasing ambient temperatures.These results aretheoretically consistent with the rules for expansion in supersonic flow.In review of mechanisms of ice crystal generation,authors propose that the homogeneous nucleation-freezing(condensation-freezing)of water vapor in supersonic flow be the dominant mechanism.In our opinion,supersonic flow,for artificial precipitation,could be expected to provide an economical,non-polluting and convenient technology,andsuitable for the long-distance operation.The data obtained from our experiments indicate that it is feasible to develop anew technique for weather modification.     

盐关河北东东向活断裂活动性与地震成因关系的初探

盐关河北东东向活断裂晚更新世以来活动性很强,长期保持着左错构造运动,水平幅度大,平均左行滑动速率为5mm/a。80km地震破裂形变带的分布是其最新活动的地质标志,断错微地貌构造特征显著。活断裂带上古地震遗迹的发掘也印证了全新世以来该断裂经历了多次强地震活动。全新世早期是盐关河断裂活动的全盛期,强震活动属分散结点发震类型。盐关河断裂的破裂发展受现今构造应力场N50°～60°E主压应力方向的控制,与1654年罗家堡8级地震有成因关系。研究认为:交叉破裂为发震机制;稠泥河北北西向与盐关河北东东向活断裂交叉复合为发震构造的背景;北北西向喇糜隆起带为控震构造。     

岩浆的生成、运移和混合——29届国际地质大会专题简介

介绍了洋中脊玄武岩浆、岛弧岩浆、地幔热柱成因的玄武质岩浆、俯冲带岩浆、长英质岩浆、的生成问题;岩浆运移的理论及制约因素;混合岩浆的成因机制及其有关标志。     

油气盆地生烃史模拟的动力学方法

油气盆地生烃史动力学模型的建立以化学反应动力学理论为基础,利用开放系统和封闭系统的生油岩热解进行动力学模型的参数反演,从面确定模型的动力学参数,正确评价生油岩潜在的油气资源.     

碰撞造山带地壳上地幔热结构研究——以东南沿海地区石城—惠安剖面为例

由于碰撞造山带具有的地壳结构的复杂性,必须采用新的研究方法来分析其热结构。本文以东南沿海地区为例,根据地震波速与生热率之间的相关性,分析了碰撞造山带的地壳上地幔热结构特征。取得了地壳中的生热率分布状态。在此基础上,讨论了岩石圈热状态与构造发展历史的关系,并进一步揭示了东南沿海地区碰撞造山带的构造热演化历史。