化学蒸气发生-无色散原子荧光光谱法测定地质样品中微量和痕量金

试样用王水分解,采用特定的金化学发生增敏试剂使金在硼氢化物-酸体系中产生挥发物质,将其导入原子荧光光谱检测系统,检测金的原子荧光信号。通过对仪器工作参数和化学蒸气发生参数的优化,使金的可检测信号同比提高20倍以上,同时降低共存离子对金的化学蒸气发生的干扰。对微量和痕量金的测定方法具有灵敏度高、检出限低、基体干扰少等优点。方法检出限为0.23 ng/g,准确度(ΔlgC,n=12)为-0.004~0.02,精密度(RSD,n=12)为2.62%~8.79%。经国家一级标准物质分析验证,测定值与标准值相符。     

皖北灵璧磬云石的岩石学和地球化学研究

磬云石是产于灵璧地区震旦系张渠组地层中的一种微晶灰岩,以其色黑致密且敲击能发出青铜质的声音,而成为观赏名石和制作敲打乐器。磬云石主要矿物组成为微晶方解石,晶体自形程度较好,粒度均小于10μm,紧密镶嵌排列,富含有机质。在元素地球化学特征上,磬云石含有高的CaO含量,低的MgO、SiO2、Fe2O3、Al2O3含量,低的稀土元素含量,富集Sr、Cu、Mn、Ba等元素。通过与该套震旦系地层中产出的其他微晶灰岩对比研究表明,磬云石的矿物组成单一,颗粒大小均匀,颗粒排列紧密,颗粒间孔洞小且少,含有较高的有机质含量等特征,是其敲击能发出青铜质声音的主要原因。磬云石的形成与震旦纪时全球高的CO2浓度以及该区多发的地质事件有关,是震旦纪海水过饱和CaCO3的沉积环境与该区复杂的地质事件联合作用的结果。     

柴西地区上干柴沟组上段咸水湖相烃源岩生烃条件研究

柴西地区上干柴沟组上段(N12)烃源岩的沉积水体环境为咸水湖相。其烃源岩的有机质总体丰度不高;有机质类型主要有腐殖腐泥型和腐殖型,具体分布受烃源岩所处位置及沉积环境控制;有机质成熟度多为未成熟-低成熟;有机质的烃转化率较高,反映其大部分有机质已经进入生烃门限,少量已经进入生烃高峰期。其烃源岩具有咸化湖泊相未熟-低熟有机质生烃的特点,而其生烃机理很可能是藻类生物类脂物和细菌的早期成烃。柴西地区上干柴沟组上段(N12)烃源岩作为该区未熟-低熟石油主要源岩之一,具有非常大的勘探潜力。     

冻土水文研究进展

冻土改变了区域水热条件、产汇流过程、产流量多寡及年内/际变化,冻土水文成为寒区生态-水文过程的核心环节.系统总结了国内外冻土水文研究进展,包括冻土水热传输特征,特殊的产汇流过程,流域尺度水平衡,以及各种水热传输物理模型和流域尺度水文模型.未来冻土水文的发展应在数据和方法积累的基础上,进一步探索产汇流过程机理,并建立完善...     

开放体系和密闭体系恒速升温实验条件下有机质生烃动力学特征对比及意义

为了揭示不同实验条件下有机质生烃动力学特征及其地质应用的差异性,对松辽盆地煤样进行了开放体系(Rock-Eval)和密闭体系(金管)的恒速升温热模拟实验。根据实验产物产率与温度关系标定了开放系下的有机质成油、成气及密闭体系下有机质成气动力学模型;将标定的2种体系下的动力学参数以实验室升温速率和地质升温速率条件下进行外推,表明密闭体系下的成气转化率相对开放体系下的变化要慢,原因在于开放体系下煤样热解生气为初次裂解,而密闭体系下煤样生气是初次裂解和二次裂解共同贡献的结果。进一步将2种体系下获得的生气动力学参数结合松辽盆地徐家围子地区埋藏史、热史资料进行应用表明:应用开放体系获得的动力学参数外推计算的生气门限对应时间(115 Ma)要比实际生气门限对应时间(110 Ma)偏早;应用密闭体系获得的动力学参数外推计算的生气门限对应时间(92 Ma)要比实际生气门限对应时间偏晚。     

松辽盆地北部石炭—二叠系油气远景

松辽盆地基底内部石炭—二叠系生烃潜力一直是人们关注的焦点。松深地震剖面和钻井资料显示:松辽盆地北部基底及其周边地区石炭—二叠系分布广、厚度大,主要分布于西部断陷区、中央断隆区和东南断隆区,林甸地区厚度达7 km;三肇地区及肇东地区厚度达到6 km,东北隆起区厚度达5 km。基底石炭—二叠系有机质类型一般为Ⅱ2—Ⅲ型,总有机碳含量高,热演化程度不均一。通过TTI-Ro法恢复了松辽盆地北部基底石炭—二叠系上覆地层沉积之前的热演化程度,有机质成熟度有明显变化,盆地东部有利于二次生烃。另外,松辽盆地石炭—二叠系具有二次生烃的热演化条件。石炭—二叠系油气远景主要受石炭—二叠系发育情况、二次埋藏前及二次埋藏过程中的热演化程度控制,松辽盆地北部石炭—二叠系存在3个有利的油气远景区:西部断陷区的林甸地区、东北隆起区的绥化断陷区、东南断陷区徐家围子断陷区。     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S167498711000037X

The tried and tested multianvil apparatus has been widely used for high-pressure and high-temperature experimental studies in Earth science. As a result, many important results have been obtained for a better understanding of the components, structure and evolution of the Earth. Due to the strength limitation of materials, the attainable multianvil pressure is generally limited to about 30 GPa (corresponding to about 900 km of the depth in the Earth) when tungsten carbide cubes are adopted as second-stage anvils. Compared with tungsten carbide, the sintered diamond is a much harder material. The sintered diamond cubes were introduced as second-stage anvils in a 6–8 type multianvil apparatus in the 1980s, which largely enhanced the capacity of pressure generation in a large volume press. With the development of material synthesis and processing techniques, a large sintered diamond cube (14 mm) is now available. Recently, maximum attainable pressures reaching higher than 90 GPa (corresponding to about 2700 km of the depth in the Earth) have been generated at room temperature by adopting 14-mm sintered diamond anvils. Using this technique, a few researches have been carried out by the quenched method or combined with synchrotron radiation in situ observation. In this paper we review the properties of sintered diamond and the evolution of pressure generation using sintered diamond anvils. As-yet unsolved problems and perspectives for uses in Earth Science are also discussed.     

Geochemical characteristics and hydrocarbon generation modeling of the Jurassic source rocks in the Shoushan Basin, north Western Desert, Egypt

The Shoushan Basin is an important hydrocarbon province in the Western Desert, Egypt, but the origin of the hydrocarbons is not fully understood. In this study, organic matter content, type and maturity of the Jurassic source rocks exposed in the Shoushan Basin have been evaluated and integrated with the results of basin modeling to improve our understanding of burial history and timing of hydrocarbon generation. The Jurassic source rock succession comprises the Ras Qattara and Khatatba Formations, which are composed mainly of shales and sandstones with coal seams. The TOC contents are high and reached a maximum up to 50%. The TOC values of the Ras Qattara Formation range from 2 to 54 wt.%, while Khatatba Formation has TOC values in the range 1-47 wt.%. The Ras Qattara and Khatatba Formations have HI values ranging from 90 to 261 mgHC/gTOC, suggesting Types II-III and III kerogen. Vitrinite reflectance values range between 0.79 and 1.12 VRr %. Rock−Eval T_max values in the range 438-458 °C indicate a thermal maturity level sufficient for hydrocarbon generation. Thermal and burial history models indicate that the Jurassic source rocks entered the mature to late mature stage for hydrocarbon generation in the Late Cretaceous to Tertiary. Hydrocarbon generation began in the Late Cretaceous and maximum rates of oil with significant gas have been generated during the early Tertiary (Paleogene). The peak gas generation occurred during the late Tertiary (Neogene).     

Knowledge co-production for Indigenous adaptation pathways: Transform post-colonial articulation complexes to empower local decision-making

Co-production between scientific and Indigenous knowledge has been identified as useful to generating adaptation pathways with Indigenous peoples, who are attached to their traditional lands and thus highly exposed to the impacts of climate change. However, ignoring the complex and contested histories of nation-state colonisation can result in naïve adaptation plans that increase vulnerability. Here, through a case study in central Australia, we investigate the conditions under which co-production between scientific and Indigenous knowledge can support climate change adaptation pathways among place-attached Indigenous communities. A research team including scientists, Ltyentye Apurte Rangers and other staff from the Central Land Council first undertook activities to co-produce climate change presentations in the local Arrernte language; enable community members to identify potential adaptation actions; and implement one action, erosion control. Second, we reflected on the outcomes of these activities in order to unpack deeper influences. Applying the theory of articulation complexes, we show how ideologies, institutions and economies have linked Indigenous societies and the establishing Australian nation-state since colonisation. The sequence of complexes characterised as frontier, mission, pastoral, land-rights, community-development and re-centralisation, which is current, have both enabled and constrained adaptation options. We found knowledge co-production generates adaptation pathways when: (1) effective methods for knowledge co-production are used, based on deeply respectful partnerships, cultural governance and working together through five co-production tasks—prepare, communicate, discuss, bring together and apply; (2) Indigenous people have ongoing connection to their traditional territories to maintain their Indigenous knowledge; (3) the relationship between the Indigenous people and the nation-state empowers local decision-making and learning, which requires and creates consent, trust, accountability, reciprocity, and resurgence of Indigenous culture, knowledge and practices. These conditions foster the emergence of articulation complexes that enable the necessary transformative change from the colonial legacies. Both these conditions and our approach are likely to be relevant for place-attached Indigenous peoples across the globe in generating climate adaptation pathways.     

南海波浪能资源与其他清洁能源的优缺点比较研究

基于前人和自己已有的工作,将南海的波浪能资源与其他各种清洁能源的优缺点进行比较,为清洁能源的开发与利用提供参考．通过比较发现：南海具有较为丰富的、适宜开发的波浪能资源,且南海也属于中国太阳能资源和风能资源较丰富的地区,在南海实行海浪发电为主,波浪能、太阳能和风能联合发电,必将具有广阔的前景．