义敦成矿带铜银铅锌锡矿产资源调查评价进展与潜力

义敦成矿带地处独特的大地构造部位，经历了复杂的地质构造演化和强烈的岩浆活动，成矿条件优越，矿产资源丰富。1999年实施国土资源地质大调查以来，相继发现了普朗、松诺、卓玛斑岩铜矿；砂西、热朗泽、夏隆等银铅锌矿；热隆、脚根玛锡矿；打马池觉铜金矿等一批具有重要找矿前景的矿床(点)。该地区矿产资源勘查工作程度低，蕴藏着较大的找矿潜力，有望成为国家级重要的有色及贵金属矿产勘查和开发基地。     

油气化探综合异常模糊划分动态聚类分级评价

通过选取描述油气化探综合异常的各种特征参量，借助模糊数学工具，利用最优聚类中心所具有的代表特征，建立分级指标，对油气化探综合进行分级评价。鄂尔多斯盆地油气化探综合异常的评价实例结果表明，利用油气化探综合异常各种特征参量进行动态聚类分级评价是可行的。     

区域土壤环境地球化学研究——异常成因判别·环境质量·污染程度评价的思路与方法

从概念内涵和应用目标出发,认为土壤环境地球化学质量评价应该分为质量现状和污染程度两个方面.在此基础上探讨了区域地球化学资料在土壤环境现状质量评价、异常成因识别、污染元素累积速率和土壤污染程度评价研究的基本思路和方法.     

The BEAM-project: prediction and assessment of mixture toxicities in the aquatic environment

Freshwater and marine ecosystems are exposed to various multi-component mixtures of pollutants. Nevertheless, most ecotoxicological research and chemicals regulation focus on hazard and exposure assessment of individual substances only, the problem of chemical mixtures in the environment is ignored to a large extent. In contrast, the assessment of combination effects has a long tradition in pharmacology, where mixtures of chemicals are specifically designed to develop new products, e.g. human and veterinary drugs or agricultural and non-agricultural pesticides. In this area, two concepts are frequently used and are thought to describe fundamental relationships between single substance and mixture effects: Independent Action (Response Addition) and Concentration Addition. The question, to what extent these concepts may also be applied in an ecotoxicological and regulatory context may be considered a research topic of major importance, as the concepts would allow to make use of already existing single substance toxicity data for the predictive assessment of mixture toxicities. Two critical knowledge gaps are identified: (a) There is a lack of environmental realism, as a huge part of our current knowledge about the applicability of the concepts is restricted to artificial situations with respect to mixture composition or biological effect assessment. (b) The knowledge on what exactly is needed for using the concepts as tools for the predictive mixture toxicity assessment is insufficient. Both gaps seriously hamper the necessary, scientifically sound consideration of mixture toxicities in a regulatory context.In this paper, the two concepts will be briefly introduced, the necessity of considering the toxicities of chemical mixtures in the environment will be demonstrated and the applicability of Independent Action and Concentration Addition as tools for the prediction and assessment of mixture toxicities will be discussed. An overview of the specific aims and approaches of the BEAM project to fill in the identified knowledge gaps is given and first results are outlined.     

A neural network approach for structural identification and diagnosis of a building from seismic response data

This work presents a novel procedure for identifying the dynamic characteristics of a building and diagnosing whether the building has been damaged by earthquakes, using a back‐propagation neural network approach. The dynamic characteristics are directly evaluated from the weighting matrices of the neural network trained by observed acceleration responses and input base excitations. Whether the building is damaged under a large earthquake is assessed by comparing the modal parameters and responses for this large earthquake with those for a small earthquake that has not caused this building any damage. The feasibility of the approach is demonstrated through processing the dynamic responses of a five‐storey steel frame, subjected to different strengths of the Kobe earthquake, in shaking table tests. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Treating the Risks in Cairns

Cairns is exposed to the well-known natural hazards oftropical cyclone, flood, stormsurge and thunderstorm, but is also exposed to thelesser-known hazards of landslip, earthquake and dam break flooding. Recommendations fortreating the risks associated with these hazards have been made that will involve amulti-disciplinary approach to treatment strategies, require the cooperation of allthree levels of government, involve public utility authorities and private enterprise andinvolve the community as a whole.This paper summarises the suggested mitigation treatmentoptions, presented to the Cairns City Council and identified in the LocalGovernment Disaster Mitigation Project conducted in Cairns in 1999/2000 by theQueensland Department of Emergency Services.     

Process of Housing Damage Assessment: The 1995 Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Disaster Case

Rebuilding of victims' livelihoods was a crucial issue in the restoration process in the1995 Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Disaster. Housing damage assessment influencedmost of the rebuilding of the livelihood in the long term, because the Victim Certificatesissued by the local governments based on the results of the Housing damage assessmentwas required to receive most of the individual assistance measures. In the process ofHousing damage assessment, many complex problems arose, leading to extensivework on the part of the disaster responders. Consequently, a considerable number ofvictims were dissatisfied with the assessment and applied for a resurvey. Due to a floodof requests for resurvey, disaster responders had to work on damage assessment, leavingrelief activities aside.In order to facilitate Housing damage assessment, this paper discusses thefollowing five points: (1) the processes and the problems of assessments performedin the Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Disaster, (2) the changes in the nature of informationneeded by the victims, (3) the improvements over the present damage assessment, (4)the housing situation in Japan, and (5) the international situation on damage assessment.It is obvious from the results that a poor damage assessment system and the size ofthe disaster produced a very large work load. Differences in appreciation among theinvestigators also contributed to unfair assessments and led to the victims beingincreasingly dissatisfied by the survey results. Finally, a design concept for acomprehensive damage assessment system, which has been derived from theabove five points, is proposed for post-disaster management.     

Quantifying Storm Tide Risk in Cairns

The United Nations International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR)gave rise to an increasing level of attention to the risks posed by a range of naturalhazards and the development of strategies by which to reduce those risks. It waswidely recognised that in order to evaluate risk treatment strategies it was necessaryto `measure' the level of risk that already existed and the level of risk that would beencountered with the treatment strategy(s) in place.This paper outlines the methodology developed under the AGSO (now GeoscienceAustralia) Cities Project to quantify the risk associated with storm tide inundation. It includes the methodology for `measuring' the level of community exposure to storm tide hazards and the methodology for `measuring' community vulnerability. The Far North Queensland city of Cairns is used as the case study to demonstrate the application of these methods.     

广西2002年度气候特点及其影响评价

2002年度(2001年12月～2002年11月),广西各地平均气温17.1～23.5℃,大部地区偏高0.3～1.2℃。年度降水量1035.0～2897.1mm,桂东大部偏多1～4成,桂西大部正常。日照时数1019～2323h,大部地区偏少10～412h。2002年度主要气候事件以春旱、暴雨洪涝、热带气旋、寒露风较为突出,年度内气候条件对各行业的影响有利有弊。     

冀鲁豫交界区地下流体模糊熵值的变化与地震的关系

采用概率化预处理方法，把冀鲁豫交界区地下流体多种观测项目的观测值转化为概率值时间序列，然后计算其模糊从属函数。在此基础上计算该区地下流体构成的信息源系统的模糊熵值，分析了模糊熵值变化与1983年山东菏泽Ms 5.9地震和1985年河北任县Ms5.0地震的关系。结果显示，在这两次中强地震前分别有明显的减熵异常过程，并且一次比一次明显，中强地震都发生在低熵值处，震后恢复到高熵值的变化过程。这可能反映了地下流体构成的信息源系统在地震孕育和发生过程中的减熵有序变化。通过研究认为，该区模糊熵值减到0.907为发震前兆异常警戒线，并且离中强地震发生的时间越近，减熵过程越大；震级越大，减熵过程越明显，减熵时间越长。