年度考核现状分析及改进对策

通过对现行年度考核体系的现状分析，着重探讨如何改进考核办法，充实考核内容，建立科学有效的考评体系，提高考核效率，充分发挥年度考核结果在干部选拔、薪酬福利、培训开发、人员招聘和配置、个人职业生涯发展中的重大作用。     

区域生态地球化学评价思路及建议

区城生态地球化学评价是在多目标地球化学调查基础上开展的一项区域评价研究工作，其目的是为国家和所薪究地区的国民经济建设、工农业结构调整和社会可持续发展提供基础地球化学资料。区域生态地球化学评价以异常元素的来源-成因-迁移转化-生态效应-预测预警为研究主线，以生态系统为研究基本单元，查明异常元素分布、分配、成因及来源，研究它们在地球表层备大层圈中的迁移转化规律，评价它们所产生的生态效应，应用地球化学和生态学的基本原理和方法对污染的生态系统进行预测预警，井提出治理建议，为国家区域性经济战略调整和工农业可持续发展提供科学依据。     

区域水资源可持续利用的综合评价方法

水资源可持续利用指标体系及评价方法是水资源可持续利用研究的核心问题之一。以复合系统理论为基础,将水资源、社会经济和环境组成的复合系统定义为水资源可持续利用系统(RSWRS系统)。应用Bossel可持续发展基本定向指标框架,建立了水资源可持续利用指标评价体系。应用系统综合评价法,权重采用基于Bossel评分标准,以参考状态的离差平方和最大法计算,建立了以RSWRS系统发展综合指数和发展态势度量模型。以陕西省为例,进行了水资源可持续利用的综合定量评价。     

地下水库调蓄能力综合评价的指标体系与模糊集方法

从维护生态平衡与水资源可持续开发利用的角度定义了地下水库的调蓄能力,提出地下水库调蓄能力综合评价的指标体系。并在模糊模式识别理论与模型的基础上,去除指标间的相关性,建立一种适合于对多指标体系的地下水库调蓄能力进行综合评价的多层模糊模式识别交叉迭代模型。实例应用表明,该模型具有能同时考虑定性与定量指标,又能将迭代结果与决策者经验知识相结合来确定多指标权重的优点,便于推广应用。     

基于模糊识别的水资源承载能力综合评价

应用模糊识别模型解决水资源承载能力综合评价问题,根据水资源承载能力相关因子自身的数据结构特性,通过模糊识别模型得到样本的级别特征值,从而达到对待评价区域的识别、归类,同时可以得到各相关因子在评价过程中的贡献率,实例部分将模型应用于全国30个省市、自治区的水资源承载能力评价,结果表明该方法的实用性和客观性。     

WAFS产品中GRIB资料中国区产品评估

为了给使用WAFS产品的用户提供量化参考依据，选取WAFS产品中常用区域和层次的GRIB数据，利用由国家气象中心提供的风、温客观分析网格点资料，与WAFS中同时刻的预报场产品（风、温网格点资料），用均方根误差进行数字化形式分析比较。结果表明：WAFS提供的风、温预报，通常是短时效的风、温预报比长时效的风、温预报更接近客观分析场；低层的预报比高层的预报更接近客观分析场；风的预报以v矢量的预报优于u矢量的预报；风的误差主要来源于u矢量的误差。     

基于PCM改进算法的遥感混合像元模拟分析

混合像元的存在是影响遥感图像分类精度的主要原因,模糊分类是进行混合像元分解的重要方法,其效果的好坏取决于各像元分类后对各类别的隶属度值能否准确地反映像元的类别组成。当非监督分类中的聚类数目与实际类别数目不符,或者监督分类中训练样本存在未训练类别时,常用的模糊c-均值(FCM)方法的效果将大大降低,而可能性c-均值(PCM)方法则可以解决这个问题。该文提出了基于PCM算法的遥感图像混合像元分解方法,并用监督分类方法实例说明PCM方法的优越性。     

Quality Assessment Of Digital Surface Models Generated From IKONOS Imagery

The growing applications of digital surface models (DSMs) for object detection, segmentation and representation of terrestrial landscapes have provided impetus for further automation of 3D spatial information extraction processes. While new technologies such as lidar are available for almost instant DSM generation, the use of stereoscopic high-resolution satellite imagery (HRSI), coupled with image matching, affords cost-effective measurement of surface topography over large coverage areas. This investigation explores the potential of IKONOS Geo stereo imagery for producing DSMs using an alternative sensor orientation model, namely bias-corrected rational polynomial coefficients (RPCs), and a hybrid image-matching algorithm. To serve both as a reference surface and a basis for comparison, a lidar DSM was employed in the Hobart testfield, a region of differing terrain types and slope. In order to take topographic variation within the modelled surface into account, the lidar strip was divided into separate sub-areas representing differing land cover types. It is shown that over topographically diverse areas, heighting accuracy to better than 3 pixels can be readily achieved. Results improve markedly in feature-rich open and relatively flat terrain, with sub-pixel accuracy being achieved at check points surveyed using the global positioning system (GPS). This assessment demonstrates that the outlook for DSM generation from HRSI is very promising.     

A multidisciplinary multi-scale framework for assessing vulnerabilities to global change

Terrestrial ecosystems provide a number of vital services for people and society, such as food, fibre, water resources, carbon sequestration, and recreation. The future capability of ecosystems to provide these services is determined by changes in socio-economic factors, land use, atmospheric composition, and climate. Most impact assessments do not quantify the vulnerability of ecosystems and ecosystem services under such environmental change. They cannot answer important policy-relevant questions such as 'Which are the main regions or sectors that are most vulnerable to global change?’ 'How do the vulnerabilities of two regions compare?’ 'Which scenario is the least harmful for a sector?’This paper describes a new approach to vulnerability assessment developed by the Advanced Terrestrial Ecosystem Analysis and Modelling (ATEAM) project. Different ecosystem models, covering biodiversity, agriculture, forestry, hydrology, and carbon sequestration are fed with the same Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) scenarios based on the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES). Each model gives insights into specific ecosystems, as in traditional impact assessments. Moreover, by integrating the results in a vulnerability assessment, the policy-relevant questions listed above can also be addressed. A statistically derived European environmental stratification forms a key element in the vulnerability assessment. By linking it to other quantitative environmental stratifications, comparisons can be made using data from different assessments and spatial scales.     

岩溶塌陷试验、评估与管理方法研究

岩溶塌陷是我国岩溶区主要地质灾害类型 ,广泛分布在我国广西、贵州、湖南、江西、云南等 2 3个省 (区 )。据初步调查 ,全国有 30 0多个市县共发生过岩溶塌陷 14 0 0例以上 ,塌陷坑总数超过 4× 10 4个 ,有效减轻其影响已成为广大岩溶工作者面临的重要问题。本文以作者近年来完成的项目成果为基础 ,介绍了岩溶塌陷模型试验测试技术、基于GIS的风险评估方法以及信息管理技术 ,最后 ,对岩溶塌陷研究的趋势作了系统分析。